Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang was first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage （Shang Han Lun）. This prescription is composed of Bupleuri Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma， Trichosanthis Radix， Ostreae Concha， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. It has the effects of soothing Lesser Yang， warming the spleen， and stimulating the generation of body fluid. It is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases such as chronic cholecystitis （CC）， irritable bowel syndrome， and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyspepsia caused by CC presents a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain， poor appetite， postprandial fullness， aversion to greasy food， soft stool， and bitter mouth， being a type of biliary dyspepsia. In modern medicine， dyspepsia caused by CC is mainly managed by medical treatment and surgical treatment. Internal medicine mainly focuses on reducing inflammation， promoting the function of gallbladder， resolving stones， alleviating spasms， and relieving the pain for CC， demonstrating definite short-term efficacy but suffering from single effects， high recurrence rate， and poor compliance. Although surgical treatment can cure cholecystitis， it is accompanied by the increased incidence of adverse events such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and dyspepsia. Modern clinical studies have confirmed that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can significantly alleviate the symptoms such as abdominal pain and dyspepsia of CC patients. Pharmacological studies have found that Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang mainly contains active ingredients such as Bupleuri Radix saponins， baicalin， cinnamaldehyde， gingerol， Trichosanthis Radix polysaccharide， Ostreae Concha polysaccharide， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma total flavonoids. Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang can ameliorate the symptoms of dyspepsia caused by CC by inhibiting inflammatory responses， improving gallbladder contraction and gastrointestinal motility， regulating the bile acid-intestinal flora axis and the brain-gut axis， and modulating blood lipids through multiple targets. By reviewing the previous literature， this article summarizes the research progress in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang and its main active ingredients as well as the pathogenesis of this disease and puts forward the shortcomings and improvement strategies for the current research. The review aims to provide a reference for the further research on Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang in the treatment of dyspepsia caused by CC.

Despite breakthroughs in immunotherapy for solid tumors, significant variations in treatment efficacy persist. Up to 80% of cancer patients suffer from malnutrition, which leads to: lymphoid atrophy and reduced T-cell reserves; deficiency of substrates required for T-cell activation and expansion; concurrent inflammation hindering T-cell infiltration into tumors; and cachexia accelerating PD-1 antibody clearance. Clinical studies confirm that severe malnutrition significantly impairs immune responses and increases the risk of treatment toxicity. Therefore, implementing standardized nutritional therapy is crucial for optimizing the reserve, activation, expansion, and infiltration capacity of immune cells, thereby providing a sound immune system foundation for immunotherapy. Immunonutrition therapy, by enhancing immunonutrients such as arginine, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and nucleotides, reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and promotes T-cell activation and proliferation. This enhances anti-tumor immune responses, prolongs survival, and advances cancer treatment towards multimodal combination and precision approaches.

Objective To identify snoRNA, which may be related to prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods Ninetygastric cancer patients who diagnosed at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were randomly collected in this study, and their clinical data were followed up. A total of 405 snoRNA expression profiles were analyzed in 90 gastric cancer patients. Patients were classified aslow expressiongroup orhigh expressiongroup according to the median expression of each snoRNA expression, which was calculated by univariate and multivariate survival analysis. We also screened out the snoRNAs, in which patients were survived differently. Patients were classified as high, middle, or low risk groups based on the snoRNA risk score. Values of age, gender, smoking, drinking, histological differentiation (well, moderately-differentiated and poorly differentiated), clinical stage (Ⅰ+Ⅱstage andⅢ+Ⅳstage), tumor size (<5 cm and≥5 cm), tumor location (upper 1/3 and others) and snoRNA risk score (high, middle, and low risk group) were assessed by multivariate Cox analysis. Results There were significant differences in overall survival and (or) progression-free survival rates in 19 patients with high and low snoRNAs expressions (P<0.05). Results of multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with high expression of ACA61,ACA27 and U36A showed a higher overall survival and progression-free survival rates, while patients with high expression of ENSG00000206898 showed a lower overall survival and progression-free survival survival rates (P<0.01). SnoRNA risk score is an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. Compared with low risk group, patients in middle risk group and in high risk group showed a shorter overall survival and progression-free survival rates (P<0.001). Conclusion The expressions of ACA61, ACA27, U36A and ENSG00000206898 are independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer. Low expressions of the first three indexes and high expressions of the last one predict a bad prognosis.