Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and practicality of the Jaundice color card (JCard) as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice.Methods:Following the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) statement, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 hospitals in China from October 2019 to September 2021. A total of 845 newborns who were admitted to the hospital or outpatient department for liver function testing due to their own diseases. The inclusion criteria were a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, a birth weight of ≥2 000 g, and an age of ≤28 days. The neonate′s parents used the JCard to measure jaundice at the neonate′s cheek. Within 2 hours of the JCard measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a JH20-1B device and total serum bilirubin (TSB) was detected. The Pearson′s correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistic analysis.Results:Out of the 854 newborns, 445 were male and 409 were female; 46 were born at 35-36 weeks of gestational age and 808 were born at ≥37 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, 432 cases were aged 0-3 days, 236 cases were aged 4-7 days, and 186 cases were aged 8-28 days. The TSB level was (227.4±89.6) μmol/L, with a range of 23.7-717.0 μmol/L. The JCard level was (221.4±77.0) μmol/L and the TcB level was (252.5±76.0) μmol/L. Both the JCard and TcB values showed good correlation ( r=0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and agreements (96.0% (820/854) and 95.2% (813/854) of samples fell within the 95% limits of agreement, respectively) with TSB. The JCard value of 12 had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.75 for identifying a TSB ≥205.2?μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.35 for identifying a TSB ≥342.0?μmol/L. The TcB value of 205.2?μmol/L had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.60 for identifying TSB levels of 205.2 μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.26 for identifying TSB levels of 342.0 μmol/L. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of JCard for identifying TSB levels of 153.9, 205.2, 256.5, and 342.0 μmol/L were 0.96, 0.92, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of TcB were 0.94, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. There were both no significant differences between the AUC of JCard and TcB in identifying TSB levels of 153.9 and 205.2 μmol/L (both P>0.05). However, the AUC of JCard were both lower than those of TcB in identifying TSB levels of 256.5 and 342.0 μmol/L (both P<0.05). Conclusions:JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but its diagnostic efficacy decreases with increasing bilirubin levels. When TSB level are ≤205.2 μmol/L, its diagnostic efficacy is equivalent to that of the JH20-1B. To prevent the misdiagnosis of severe jaundice, it is recommended that parents use a low JCard score, such as 12, to identify severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥342.0 μmol/L).

Objective: To understand environmen and sanitation of rural schools in western China, and to provide data support and reference for improving school environmental conditions and facilities and promoting the healthy development of students. Methods: Based on the "School Comprehensive Environmental Improvement Project", a total of 38 087 students from 60 primary school from were randomly selected from 5 provinces in western China from September to December 2018. Environment and sanitation of schools was investigated through interviews, on site observation and inquiry, so as to obtain the survey data. Results: All schools had water supply, 80.0% (48) could meet the needs of teachers and students, 91.7% (55) provided drinking water facilities, 93.3 % (56) provided hand washing facilities, and 66.7% (40) provided soap and other cleaning supplies for students. 71.7% (43) of the schools had sanitary toilets, 40.0% (24) toilets were qualified for femail, 86.7% (52) were clean and 58.3% (35) were odorless. The garbage disposal methods of schools are mainly collected by professional institutions, supplemented by fixed point stacking, accounting for 45.0% (27) and 35.0% (21) respectively. About 30% (22, 17, 20) of school sewage is discharged by open ditch, underground ditch and pipeline. 93.3% (56) of schools offered health education courses, 91.7% (55) had sanitation system, 70.0% (42) had drinking water sanitation management system, and 41.7% (25) had toilet management system. Conclusion The basic environmental sanitation facilities in the school are well equipped, and there are some problems to be improved in the establishment of environmental sanitation management system and the provision of hand washing and cleaning supplies.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and citations of articles in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine from 2014 to 2017, and discuss the academic level and quality of the journal. Methods:All the literatures published in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved through the Chinese Medical Citation index, and the citation frequency data in China′s core journals of science and technology from 2014 to 2018 was obtained through Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China. The citation status of articles published in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine was statistically analyzed by the scientometric method. The main indicators included the citation rate of articles published in each year, the citation frequency of all articles, the citation status of individual papers and authors, the regional and high-yield institution distribution of cited authors, and the main citation journals. Results:From 2014 to 2017, a total of 929 articles were published in 19 columns of Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine,and the number of each year was 253 (27.23%), 231 (24.87%), 224 (24.11%) and 221 (23.79%), respectively. The total number of published pages was 3 564, and the average number of articles was 3.45 pages. A total of 28 key topics have been published. The total citation was 3 861 times, with 4.16 times per paper. Among them, 161 papers were not cited，accounting for 17.33%. The maximum citation frequency of a single paper was 49 times. There were good citations in the columns of original article and methodology introduction. There was no correlation between fund project support and paper citation. But the cited rate (93.67%) and cited frequency of special issue ［ M ( P25, P75)=3 (1, 6)］ were higher compared with the cited rate (80.42%; χ 2=16.08, P<0.001) and cited frequency ［ M ( P25, P75)=2 (1, 6); Z=2.56, P=0.010] of free-lance articles. A total of 15 authors were cited more than 25 times, and 15 articles were cited more than 20 times. There were 213 institutions involved in the 768 cited papers, among which 12 institutions were cited more than 50 times. The authors of the cited papers were distributed in 28 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government). From 2014 to 2018, a total of 281 journals cited the papers published in our journal, of which 12 journals cited more than 50 times. Conclusion:The quality of the literature in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine is high and the journal has a strong influence in the field of preventive medicine and public health in China. The editorial department should adjust the column setting timely, strengthen the planning of key topic selection and the solicitation and publicity of excellent papers, reduce the number of papers cited by zero, and further improve the influence of the magazine.

Organophosphate ester (OPEs) has been widely used as a substitute of brominated biphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardant (BFRs), and their health effects and environmental impacts are widely concerned. This article systematically reviews the common types, metabolites, environmental occurrences, exposure pathways, levels, toxic effects and biomarkers of OPEs, in order to explore the relationships between OPEs exposures and biomarkers, to reveal the potential mechanisms of health effects, and to provide references and scientific basis for the health effects of OPEs exposure in China.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and citations of articles in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine from 2014 to 2017, and discuss the academic level and quality of the journal. Methods:All the literatures published in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved through the Chinese Medical Citation index, and the citation frequency data in China′s core journals of science and technology from 2014 to 2018 was obtained through Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China. The citation status of articles published in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine was statistically analyzed by the scientometric method. The main indicators included the citation rate of articles published in each year, the citation frequency of all articles, the citation status of individual papers and authors, the regional and high-yield institution distribution of cited authors, and the main citation journals. Results:From 2014 to 2017, a total of 929 articles were published in 19 columns of Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine,and the number of each year was 253 (27.23%), 231 (24.87%), 224 (24.11%) and 221 (23.79%), respectively. The total number of published pages was 3 564, and the average number of articles was 3.45 pages. A total of 28 key topics have been published. The total citation was 3 861 times, with 4.16 times per paper. Among them, 161 papers were not cited，accounting for 17.33%. The maximum citation frequency of a single paper was 49 times. There were good citations in the columns of original article and methodology introduction. There was no correlation between fund project support and paper citation. But the cited rate (93.67%) and cited frequency of special issue ［ M ( P25, P75)=3 (1, 6)］ were higher compared with the cited rate (80.42%; χ 2=16.08, P<0.001) and cited frequency ［ M ( P25, P75)=2 (1, 6); Z=2.56, P=0.010] of free-lance articles. A total of 15 authors were cited more than 25 times, and 15 articles were cited more than 20 times. There were 213 institutions involved in the 768 cited papers, among which 12 institutions were cited more than 50 times. The authors of the cited papers were distributed in 28 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government). From 2014 to 2018, a total of 281 journals cited the papers published in our journal, of which 12 journals cited more than 50 times. Conclusion:The quality of the literature in Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine is high and the journal has a strong influence in the field of preventive medicine and public health in China. The editorial department should adjust the column setting timely, strengthen the planning of key topic selection and the solicitation and publicity of excellent papers, reduce the number of papers cited by zero, and further improve the influence of the magazine.

Organophosphate ester (OPEs) has been widely used as a substitute of brominated biphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardant (BFRs), and their health effects and environmental impacts are widely concerned. This article systematically reviews the common types, metabolites, environmental occurrences, exposure pathways, levels, toxic effects and biomarkers of OPEs, in order to explore the relationships between OPEs exposures and biomarkers, to reveal the potential mechanisms of health effects, and to provide references and scientific basis for the health effects of OPEs exposure in China.

Objective The present study aimed to establish a bone mineral density (BMD) reference database in China and to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese adults aged 50 years and older using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Method A total of 75321 examineers over 25 years old who underwent health checkups in 7 health check centers between 2008 and 2018 were included. All centers used a GE Lunar-DXA system to measure BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, and total femur. The same European Spine Phantom (ESP) was used for scanning 10 times at every center, a regression equation was generated, and BMD data were cross-calibrated in each center. Peak BMD and standard deviation (SD) were identified according to 5-year age groups, and T scores were calculated based on the peak BMD and SD. Osteoporosis was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. The prevalence of osteoporosis was standardized based on 2010 national census data for the Chinese population. Result The mean BMD values decreased with age, were highest in North China, followed by Northeast China, East China, and Southwest China, respectively, and increased with body mass index. Males aged 20-30 years and females aged 35-40 years had peak BMD values. Peak BMD values of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur were 1.09 g/cm2, 0.97 g/cm2, and 0.97 g/cm2 in males, and 1.11 g/cm2, 0.84 g/cm2, and 0.88 g/cm2 in females, respectively. Among all scanned sites, the prevalence of osteoporosis was highest in the femoral neck in males (4.58％) and in the lumbar spine in females (23.38％). The age-standardized prevalence of osteoporosis at any site was 6.46％ in males and 29.13％ in females aged 50 years and older. Based on the 2010 national census data, 10879115 males and 49286542 females currently have osteoporosis. Conclusion Mean BMD values varied according to geographic region, body mass index, age group, and sex in Chinese adults. The age-standardized prevalence of osteoporosis was 6.46％ in males and 29.13％ in females aged 50 years and older.

Objective: To study the efficacy of 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 2.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, so as to provide an ideal dosage for clinical treatment. Methods: From September 2015 to October 2016, there were 89 patients in accordance with the inclusion criteria of infantile hemangiomas. According to randomized and controlled principle, the patients were assigned to receive two propranolol regimens, Group A(n=45): propranolol at a dose of 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1; Group B(n=44): propranolol at a dose of 2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1. 1 or 2 mg of propranolol base per kilogram per day, divided into two doses.The first dose was taken at 9, next at 15.The effective rate, cure rate and adverse effect rate were compared at the six months after treatment. The duration of the treatment was compared after 12 months′ treatment, and the recurrence rate was compared at the three months after being cured.The data were statistically processed with SPSS 22.0. The sample rate was compared with χ² test, and the data were compared with t test. P<0.05 was statistically significant difference. Results: Group A: Treatment for 6 months, 45 children were evaluated as follows: the effective rate was 91.1%(41/45), the cure rate was 60%(27/45). The incidence of adverse reactions was 13.3%(6/45). The cure rate of group A at 12 months was 86.7%(39/45). The duration of treatment was 7.6±2.7 months.The recurrence rate was 9.5%(4/42). Group B: Treatment for 6 months, 44 children were evaluated as follows: the effective rate was 90.9%(40/44), the cure rate was 72.7%(32/44). The incidence of adverse reactions was 15.9%(7/44). The cure rate of group B at 12 months was 88.6%(39/44). The duration of treatment was 6.2±1.9 months. The recurrence rate was 11.9%(5/42). The effective rate of the two groups at 6 months was not statistically significant(χ²=2.583, P=0.461). The cure rate of the two groups at 6 months was statistically significant(χ²=8.339, P=0.004). The incidence of adverse effects was not statistically significant(χ²=0.118, P=0.731). The cure rate of the two groups at 12 month was not statistically significant(χ²=0.080, P=0.778). The duration of treatment between the groups was statistically significant (t=0.290, P=0.009). The recurrence rate of the two groups after 3 months withdrawal was no statistical difference(χ²=0.124, P=0.724). Conclusions The propranolol doses at 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas are safe and effective. The propranolol dose at 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 doesn′t decrease the effective and cure rate, not increase the recurrence rate in infantile hemangiomas. Low dose at 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 can be used as a common dose of propranolol in infantile hemangiomas.

Objective To explore the neuroprotection and mechanisms of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs),and evaluate whether ERK1/2 signaling pathway was involved in it.Methods384 healthy male SD rats,which were 6-8 week old,weighting 250-280 g,were selected.The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in SD rats using the suture method.The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,BMMNCs group and ERK1/2 inhibitor group,with 96 rats in each group.At the time of 24 h after the successful modeling,200 μl PBS solution was injected into the caudal vein of the rats in the model group,200 μl PBS solution containing 5×106 BMMNCs was injected into the rats in the BMMNCs group and the ERK1/2 inhibitor group.meanwhile,5 μl PD98059 was injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain of rats in the ERK1/2 inhibitor group.At the time points of 3 d,7 d and 14 d,the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) was used to evaluate the neurological function,the volume of cerebral infarction was assessed by TTC staining,the pERK1/2,Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels were detected by Western blot,and the effect of BMMNCs on activation of microglia was detected by immunofluorescence assay.Results(1)At each time point,the mNSS and the volume of cerebral infarction of the model group were significantly higher than those of the sham operation group (P<0.05),while the mNSS and the volume of cerebral infarction of the BMMNCs group were lower than those of the model group,higher than those of the sham operation group,and it was gradually decreased with the treatment time extension (P<0.05).There was no difference in comparison between the ERK1/2 inhibitor group and the model group (P>0.05).(2)At each time point,the pERK1/2,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 protein levels of the model group were significantly higher than those of the sham operation group (P<0.05).The pERK1/2 and Bcl-2 protein levels of the BMMNCs group(pERK1/2:(0.38±0.16),(0.39±0.15),(0.40±0.20),Bcl-2:(0.38±0.14),(0.39±0.15),(0.37±0.13)) were higher than those of the model group(pERK1/2:(0.17±0.05),(0.14±0.04),(0.13±0.03),Bcl-2:(0.23±0.11),(0.24±0.12),(0.27±0.14),Bax:(0.39±0.13),(0.40±0.14),(0.45±0.23),caspase-3:(0.52±0.26),(0.56±0.27),(0.58±0.28)),while Bax and caspase-3 protein levels(Bax:(0.25±0.13),(0.19±0.06),(0.21±0.08),caspase-3:(0.35±0.13),(0.34±0.16),(0.29±0.09)) were decreased (P<0.05).The pERK1/2 protein level of ERK1/2 inhibitor group was lower than other groups,There was no difference in the level of Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 between the ERK1/2 group and the model group.(P>0.05).(3) At each time point,microglia (Iba1 positive) in ischemic penumbra of the BMMNCs group was significantly more than those of the model group,and it was increased with the time extension (P<0.05).There was no difference in comparison between the ERK1/2 inhibitor group and the model group (P>0.05).ConclusionBMMNCs can reduce the apoptosis through ERK1/2 signaling pathway,thus improving the neurological function and reducing the infarct scope.

Objective To justify the clinical use of traditional Chinese materia medica (TCMM) in the treatment of influenza.Methods The literature on treatment of influenza published before December 31, 2013 was searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBMdisk, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Database.Results A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Based on the meta-analysis, Yinqiao Powder prescription had similar effect to oseltamivir in defervescence [WMD=5.66, 95%CI (-32.02, 43.35), P=0.77] and viral shed-ding [WMD=-6.21, 95%CI (-84.19, 71.76), P=0.88], and Lianhuaqingwen also had similar effect in viral shed-ding [WMD=-0.24, 95%CI (-4.79, 4.31), P=0.92] but was more effective in defervescence [WMD=-4.65, 95%CI (-8.91, -0.38), P=0.03].Conclusion TCMM has a potential positive effect in the treatment of influenza.