The cellular and molecular components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and their information exchange processes significantly influence the trends of anti-tumor immunity. In recent years, numerous studies have begun to evaluate TIME in the context of previous cancer treatment strategies. This review will systematically summarize the compositional characteristics of TIME and, based on this foundation, explore the impact of current cancer therapies on the remodeling of TIME, aiming to provide new insights for the development of innovative immune combination therapies that can convert TIME into an anti-tumor profile.
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Animals

Purpose: Through meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloons (DCB), compared with drugeluting stents (DES) or uncoated devices, in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. Materials and Methods: Only randomized controlled trials were included. The primary outcomes were late lumen loss (LLL), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on clinical indications, whether DCBs were used with a systematic or bailout stent, and types of DESs. Results: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that DCBs elicit significantly lower incidences of TLR, MACE, and LLL, compared with uncoated devices, and similar incidences, compared with DESs, in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. Subgroup analysis indicated that DCBs used with a bailout stent achieved lower incidences of binary restenosis and myocardial infarction, compared with uncoated devices, and provided less LLL than DESs. DCBs showed similar rates of TLR and MACE, with significantly less LLL, than DESs in treating de novo small-vessel diseases. The clinical efficacy of DCBs was similar to that of secondgeneration DES. Conclusion Overall, DCB is favored over bare metal stent alone in treating de novo coronary lesions. DCBs appear to be a promising alternative to DESs in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with thrombotic diseases.Methods:Clinical data of 5 223 patients with AP admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2015 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into thrombosis group and non-thrombosis group according to whether they were complicated with thrombotic diseases. The following data were recorded: gender, age, past history, time of onset, etiology, severity grade of AP, BISAP score, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer(D-D), fibrinogen(FIB), white blood cell count(WBC), platelet count (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood glucose level, with or without hypoalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, date of diagnosis, location of thrombus, clinical manifestations and anticoagulant therapy. Univariate and Logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of AP complicated with thrombotic diseases. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, and the efficacy of independent risk factors in predicting AP complicated with thrombotic diseases was evaluated.Results:46(0.88%) of 5 223 patients with AP were complicated with thrombosis, which occurred 8.50(2.00-15.00) days after the onset of AP; the age of onset was 66 (52-74) years; the patients with thrombotic diseases were mostly SAP patients (23/46, 50%); the most common type was deep venous thrombosis in lower extremity (19/46, 41.3%); 37 patients (80.4%) received regular anticoagulant treatment after finding thrombus, and no bleeding was found during hospitalization. Univariate analysis showed that the age of patients with thrombosis was higher than that of patients without thrombosis, APTT value was prolonged, D-D value was increased, WBC was decreased and SAP was more in AP severity, the number of patients with BISAP score ≥3 was increased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AP severity ( OR=3.017, 95% CI 1.799-5.061, P<0.001) and age ( OR=1.029, 95% CI 1.000-1.059, P=0.049) were independent risk factors for AP patients complicated with thrombosis. The AUC of AP severity and age in predicting AP complicated with thrombotic diseases were 0.714 and 0.625, respectively. The sensitivity was 67.4% and 47.8%, and the specificity was 70.6% and 77.9%, respectively. Conclusions:The severity grade and age of AP were independent risk factors for AP complicated with thrombotic diseases. Early vigilance and clinical intervention should be given.

Objective:To explore the effect of hypnotic music therapy in reducing eye pain in patients with diabetic retinopathy undergoing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) .Methods:From January 2019 to January 2020, 60 diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing PRP admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, were selected as the research object. Patients were divided into the control group and intervention group using the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Control group carried out routine high-quality nursing, and intervention group implemented hypnotic music therapy on the basis of control group. We observed the pain (Visual Analogue Score, VAS) , pain nursing satisfaction (Patient Satisfaction Scale) , anxiety (Self-rating Anxiety Scale, SAS) and depression (Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS) of the two groups of patients after PRP.Results:The pain scores of the 4 quadrants of the retina after PRP in intervention group were lower than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0.05) . The SAS score and SDS score of intervention group after intervention were lower than those of control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The pain nursing satisfaction score of intervention group was higher than that of control group, and the difference was also statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of hypnotic music therapy can reduce the degree of pain during the operation of diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing PRP, relieve anxiety and depression, improve nursing satisfaction, and enable patients to cooperate well with treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the dry eye status of nursing school students and understand their ocular surface health.Methods:Using the convenience sampling method, a total of 90 nursing students studying in the Nursing College of Capital Medical University in March 2018 were selected as the research objects. The OCULUS Jenvis-OSDI dry eye questionnaire and OCULUS ocular surface comprehensive analyzer were used subjectively and objectively to analyze the heath of ocular surface.Results:According to the OSDI dry eye questionnaire, mild dry eyes were 21 cases accounted for 23.3%, moderate dry eyes were 42 cases accounted for 46.7%, and severe dry eyes were 21 cases accounted for 23.3%. The main symptom of dry eye was foreign body sensation, accounting for 53.3%. The secondary symptoms were photophobia and blurred vision, which accounted for 46.7% and 40%, respectively. The OCULUS ocular surface comprehensive analyzer showed that the amount of tear secretion in both eyes was normal. In dry eye grading based on average tear film break-up time, critical dry eye accounted for about 60% and dry eye accounted for about 10%. Eye red analysis showed that 9 patients (10%) with hyperemia score>2.0 were dry eye caused by inflammation.Conclusions:The nursing school students have a high incidence of dry eye and subjective symptoms. It indicates that the students overuse eye and do not pay attention to eye hygiene. It is the responsibility of the nursing teacher to carry out health education for students, popularize scientific and rational use of eye knowledge, and pay attention to eye health.

Objective To clarify the mechanisms that the response of fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cellsto methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to provide theory basis for the drug treatment of RA.Methods Synovial fibroblasts were isolated from synovial tissue specimens obtained from patients with RA andexposed to MTX.Cell viability was measured using a MTT assay and cell apoptosis was valued by flow cytometry.Western blotting analysis of LC3 and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze the induction of autophagy in RA-FLS after treating with MTX.Transfection of siRNA was used to interfere the expression of Beclin1 to down-regulate the autophagy,cell apoptosis was valued by flow cytometry and western blot analysis was used to test the PARPp85 with or without the presence of MTX.Statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 18.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis of all experimental data.Independent sample t test was used according to data distribution status,homogeneity of variance,and normal distribution.GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used to draw statistical graphs.Results MTX induced apoptosis was increased in RA-FLS.MTX stimulated the autophagy response in RA-FLS by inducing autophagosome formation.In RA-FLS,transfection with Beclin1 siRNA inhibited autophagy and increased the susceptibility to MTX,which induced cell death.Conclusion Autophagy of RA-FLS contributes to the resistance to apoptosis induced by methotrexate.

Objective? To explore the effects of different postures on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patiernts with glaucoma. Methods? Totally 100 patients admitted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University between April and July 2018 were selected by convenient sampling. Icare rebound tonometry was ued to measure the patients＇ IOP when they lay on the back (0°, 10°, 20°, 30°) from 19:00 to 21:00. Results? There was statistically significant difference in the IOP of patients with different postures (P＜0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the IOP of patients laying on the bak at different angles (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the IOP laying on the bak at 10°,20° and 30° (P＞0.05). Conclusions? The moderately elevated the head of the bed during the sleep of patients helps to improve and control the IOP at night.

Background Visual adaptive mechanism of mammalian is close responsible for the development of visual cortex.The various genes with different biological functions in different developing stages of visual cortex participate in regulation of visual development.To investigate the differential expression profiles of various genes in different ages of rat cortex can offer basis and evidence for the study of visual development.Objective Present study aimed to investigate the genes that changed continuously in the postnatal developmental process of rat visual cortex by microarray analysis of visual cortex RNA.Methods Sixty clean SD rats were grouped numbered and randomized into the postnatal day 0 group (P0,n =20),before eye opening group (postnatal day 10,P10,n =15),before the critical period of visual cortex growth group (postnatal day 20,P20,n =15) and the end of development of visual cortex group(postnatal day 45,P45,n=15).The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time point respectively,and the fresh visual cortex were obtained for the extraction of total RNA and microarray analysis.Genes exhibiting changes in expression by≥2.0 folds were further confirmed using real-time PCR(RT-PCR).In order to evaluate the association of differential gene expression with growth,the postnatal stages were paired as 36 groups with the 3 pairs for each target gene (P45/P0,P20/P0,P10/P0).Results Microarray analysis showed that the gene with differential ratio ≥ 2.0 folds in rat visual cortex included Akap7,Asam,Casp3,Cxcr4,Egr1,Ennp2,Fabp7,Gpr88,Inpp5d,Rpsa,Stk32c and Vamp1.Real-time PCR verified that 24 genes form 26 probe sets had the same-phase regulating tendency,including 20 up-regulating probe sets and 6 down-regulating probe sets.The homodromous expressing tendency was seen in Akap7,Asam,Casp3,Cxcr4,Egr1,Ennp2,Fabp7,Inpp5d,Rpsa and Vamp1 genes between microarray analysis and RT-PCR.However,reverse expressions were found in the P45/P0 of Gpr88 and Stk32c genes,showing the up-regulation in the microarray analysis and down-regulation in RT-PCR.The concordant rate of gene expression between microarray analysis and RT-PCR was 94.44％.The expressing genes mainly functioned nervous system development,(metal) ion binding/transport,metabolism,regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity.Conclusions New relevant candidate genes of age-associated rat visual cortex can be identified by microarray analysis,which provide a clue for the research of visual plasticity.

Objective To analyze and discuss the correlations between different areas of corneal thickness and ICare rebound tonometer ( RBT ) .Methods Totals of 108 volunteers were selected as the subjects.Corneal thicknesses (central cornea, 2mm distance of corneal limbus nasal side and temporal side,) were measured by using optical coherence tomography ( OCT) , and intraocular pressure of different corneal areas were measured with RBT.The correlation of corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in different corneal zones were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results Thicknesses in central cornea,2 mm distance of corneal limbus nasal side and temporal side were (527.84 ±32.93), (551.31 ±35.40) and (533.91 ±34.42)μm, respectively.Numbers of IOP were (16.39 ±5.31), (16.37 ±5.48) and (16.44 ±5.72) mmHg, respectively.Central corneal (r=0.319,P<0.01), nasal side (r=0.267,P<0.05),temporal side (r=0.299, P <0.02 ), positive correlation was found between corneal thickness and intraocular pressure. Conclusions Corneal thickness of different areas will affect measurement results of intraocular pressures by using ICare rebound tonometer.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of embolizing carotid-cavernous sinus fistula(CCF) by superior ophthalmic vein(SOV) approaches.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 11 patients with CCF diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) were failurers of traditional artery approaches.Methods All pathents were treated with embolizing carotid-cavernous sinus fistula by superor ophthalmic vein approaches.Main Outcome Measures visual acuity,exophthalmos,ocular movement,diplopia,conjunctival hyperemia,ocular fundus changes.Results Clinical cure was achieved in all 11 patients during follow-up for 1 week to 3 months.Six patients with symptoms of exophthalmos disappeared and five improved.8 cases with conjunctival hyperemia vanished and 3 cases relieved.The three patients with decreases of 8 visual acuity,among these one patient was normal and two improved.Intracalvarium strepitus and diplopia were all disappeared and ocular movement was normal.Conclusion Embolizing CCF by SOV is safe and effective when performed by a multidisciplinary team.