Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide a basis for delineation of different types of water iodine areas and the adoption of targeted prevention and control measures, as well as scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, from June to December in 2017, a survey on the distribution of water iodine was conducted in the entire autonomous region on a township (street, Sumu, abbreviated as township) basis in accordance with the requirements of the "National Survey Plan for Iodine Content in Drinking Water". For townships with water iodine level greater than 10 μg/L found in the survey, the survey was conducted on an administrative village (community, Gacha, abbreviated as administrative village) basis. The water iodine of regions with water iodine level greater than 100 μg/L found in the survey were reviewed in 2018 - 2019. Arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to test water iodine.Results:A total of 1 009 townships of 103 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed on a township by township basis, with a median water iodine of 6.7 μg/L. Among them, there were 707 townships with water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 70.1%. There were 251 townships with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 24.9%. There were 44 townships with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 4.4%. There were 7 townships with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 0.7%. A total of 3 326 administrative village of 298 townships were surveyed based on administrative villages, among which, 791 villages had water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 23.8%. There were 2 031 villages with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 61.1%. There were 468 villages with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 14.1%. There were 36 administrative villages with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 1.1%. After review, 96 administrative villages in 12 townships of 4 league cities had water iodine > 100 μg/L.Conclusions:Most areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are iodine deficiency areas, and there are localized areas with high iodine levels due to water sources. Different iodine supplementation or iodine reduction measures should be taken for areas with different water iodine levels.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide a basis for delineation of different types of water iodine areas and the adoption of targeted prevention and control measures, as well as scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, from June to December in 2017, a survey on the distribution of water iodine was conducted in the entire autonomous region on a township (street, Sumu, abbreviated as township) basis in accordance with the requirements of the "National Survey Plan for Iodine Content in Drinking Water". For townships with water iodine level greater than 10 μg/L found in the survey, the survey was conducted on an administrative village (community, Gacha, abbreviated as administrative village) basis. The water iodine of regions with water iodine level greater than 100 μg/L found in the survey were reviewed in 2018 - 2019. Arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to test water iodine.Results:A total of 1 009 townships of 103 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed on a township by township basis, with a median water iodine of 6.7 μg/L. Among them, there were 707 townships with water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 70.1%. There were 251 townships with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 24.9%. There were 44 townships with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 4.4%. There were 7 townships with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 0.7%. A total of 3 326 administrative village of 298 townships were surveyed based on administrative villages, among which, 791 villages had water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 23.8%. There were 2 031 villages with water iodine of 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 61.1%. There were 468 villages with water iodine of 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 14.1%. There were 36 administrative villages with water iodine > 100 μg/L, accounting for 1.1%. After review, 96 administrative villages in 12 townships of 4 league cities had water iodine > 100 μg/L.Conclusions:Most areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are iodine deficiency areas, and there are localized areas with high iodine levels due to water sources. Different iodine supplementation or iodine reduction measures should be taken for areas with different water iodine levels.

Although blood banks based on human blood can provide blood transfusions for the wounded timely and effec-tively,scientific research has never given up on finding new blood sources due to the restrictions of human blood sources.With the application of transgenic technology and the successful breeding of gene-edited pigs,gene-edited pig blood as a po-tential source of clinical transfusion has attracted wide attention.Now there are preclinical studies showing the feasibility of transfusing gene-edited pig red blood cells into primates.This paper discusses the related research and future development of xenogeneic transfusion of porcine red blood cells by gene editing.

AIM:To explore the effect of the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses and orthokeratology(OK)on the control of myopia progression and the impact on vision related quality of life in children and adolescents.METHODS:Prospective study. A total of 237 children initially diagnosed with myopia in the ophthalmology department of Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to different correction methods: peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group(105 cases, 105 eyes)and OK lens group(132 cases, 132 eyes). The Vision Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Primary and Secondary School Students was used to follow up the both groups of myopic children, and the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), and axial length(AL)were recorded at the first visit and 1 a of follow-up.RESULTS:After wearing lenses for 1 a, both the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group and OK lens group showed an increase in SE and AL, but there was no statistical difference between two groups(P>0.05). The changes in SE and AL in the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group were greater than those in the OK lens group(all P=0.001). After 1 a of follow-up, in the emotional dimension scores, the peripheral defocus spectacle lenses group of children's vision-related quality of life scales scored higher than in the OK lens group(P<0.05). Compared with the baseline value, the change in the emotional dimension scores of the OK lens group was greater than that in the peripheral defocus spectacle lens group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:OK lenses are superior to peripheral defocus spectacle lenses in controlling the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. Both correction methods can significantly improve myopic children's vision-related quality of life, with OK lenses being better at improving the emotional dimension of vision-related quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutrition levels of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in iodine deficient areas and iodine adequate areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia for short), and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From March to July 2022, iodine nutrition analysis was conducted in iodine deficient areas and iodine adequate areas of 104 banners (counties, cities and districts) in 12 league cities in Inner Mongolia. Each monitoring banner (county, city and district) was divided into five sampling areas by east, west, south, north, and center, with one Sumu (township, street) selected from each area. One primary school was selected from each Sumu (township, street), and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 were selected from each primary school. One third of the students underwent thyroid ultrasound examination. Twenty pregnant women were selected from each of the 5 Sumus (townships, streets) in each monitoring banner (county, city and district). Household salt samples and random urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels.Results:In 2022, the median thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 in iodine deficient areas and iodine adequate areas of Inner Mongolia was 2.44 ml, and the goiter rate was 1.89% (123/6 496). There were statistically significant differences in thyroid volume and goiter rate between different league cities ( H = 1 229.05, χ 2 = 34.13, P < 0.001). The coverage rate of iodized salt in 12 league cities was 98.51% (30 628/31 090), the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.42% (29 355/31 090), and the median salt iodine was 22.80 mg/kg. The median urinary iodine of children ( n = 20 968) was 195.00 μg/L, among which the median urinary iodine in 7 league cities was at the appropriate level of iodine nutrition (100 - 199 μg/L), and the median urinary iodine in 5 league cities was at the level of iodine nutrition exceeding the appropriate level (200 - 299 μg/L). The median urinary iodine of pregnant women ( n = 10 122) was 168.00 μg/L, among which, except for Bayannur (149.18 μg/L), the median urinary iodine in other 11 league cities was at the appropriate level of iodine nutrition (150 - 249 μg/L). Conclusions:The overall iodine nutrition of children and pregnant women in Inner Mongolia is at an appropriate level, but some pregnant women still face the risk of iodine deficiency. In the future, the focus of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control should be on iodine nutrition monitoring for special needs populations.

Objective:To evaluate and summarize the best evidence on fatigue management in children with tumors both domestically and internationally, providing reference for medical and nursing staff to improve fatigue symptoms in children.Methods:The evidence on fatigue management in children with tumors, including best practices, recommended practices, guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and expert consensus, was systematically retrieved from clinical decision support systems, guideline websites, professional association websites, and databases both domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to April 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction.Results:A total of 17 articles were included, including four guidelines and 13 systematic reviews. Thirty-two best pieces of evidence were extracted from six aspects of assessment and screening, identification of risk factors, health education, exercise intervention, medication intervention, and other interventions of fatigue in children with tumors.Conclusions:The best evidence for fatigue management in children with tumors is summarized, which can provide a basis for medical and nursing staff to improve their fatigue symptoms. It is recommended that medical and nursing staff combine clinical context, professional opinions, and patient wishes to screen the best evidence and develop personalized fatigue management programs.

Objective To construct a model for predicting recidivism in violence in community-based schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients(SSDP)by adopting a joint modeling method.Methods Based on the basic data on severe mental illness in Southwest China between January 2017 and June 2018,4565 community-based SSDP with baseline violent behaviors were selected as the research subjects.We used a growth mixture model(GMM)to identify patterns of medication adherence and social functioning.We then fitted the joint model using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model and compared it with traditional static models.Finally,we used a 10-fold training-test cross validation framework to evaluate the models'fitting and predictive performance.Results A total of 157 patients(3.44%)experienced recidivism in violence.Medication compliance and social functioning were fitted into four patterns.In the counting model,age,marital status,educational attainment,economic status,historical types of violence,and medication compliance patterns were predictive factors for the frequency of recidivism of violence(P＜0.05).In the zero-inflated model,age,adverse drug reactions,historical types of violence,medication compliance patterns,and social functioning patterns were predictive factors for the recidivism in violence(P＜0.05).For the joint model,the average value of Akaike information criterion(AIC)for the train set was 776.5±9.4,the average value of root mean squared error(RMSE)for the testing set was 0.168±0.013,and the average value of mean absolute error(MAE)for the testing set was 0.131±0.018,which were all lower than those of the traditional static models.Conclusion Joint modeling is an effective statistical strategy for identifying and processing dynamic variables,exhibiting better predictive performance than that of the traditional static models.It can provide new ideas for promoting the construction of comprehensive intervention systems.

Odontoblasts are primarily responsible for synthesizing and secreting extracellular matrix proteins,which are crucial for dentinogenesis.Our previous single-cell profile and RNAscope for odontoblast lineage revealed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein 3 like 1(Creb3l1)was specifically enriched in the terminal differentiated odontoblasts.In this study,deletion of Creb3l1 in the Wnt1+lineage led to insufficient root elongation and dentin deposition.Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing(ATAC-seq)and RNA sequencing were performed to revealed that in CREB3L1-deficient mouse dental papilla cells(mDPCs),the genes near the closed chromatin regions were mainly associated with mesenchymal development and the downregulated genes were primarily related to biological processes including cell differentiation,protein biosynthesis and transport,all of which were evidenced by a diminished ability of odontoblastic differentiation,a significant reduction in intracellular proteins,and an even greater decline in extracellular supernatant proteins.Dentin matrix protein 1(Dmp1),dentin sialophosphoprotein(Dspp),and transmembrane protein 30B(Tmem30b)were identified as direct transcriptional regulatory targets.TMEM30B was intensively expressed in the differentiated odontoblasts,and exhibited a significant decline in both CREB3L1-deficient odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro.Deletion of Tmem30b impaired the ability of odontoblastic differentiation,protein synthesis,and protein secretion in mDPCs.Moreover,overexpressing TMEM30B in CREB3L1-deficient mDPCs partially rescued the extracellular proteins secretion.Collectively,our findings suggest that CREB3L1 participates in dentinogenesis and facilitates odontoblastic differentiation by directly enhancing the transcription of Dmp1,Dspp,and other differentiation-related genes and indirectly promoting protein secretion partially via TMEM30B.

Odontoblasts are primarily responsible for synthesizing and secreting extracellular matrix proteins,which are crucial for dentinogenesis.Our previous single-cell profile and RNAscope for odontoblast lineage revealed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein 3 like 1(Creb3l1)was specifically enriched in the terminal differentiated odontoblasts.In this study,deletion of Creb3l1 in the Wnt1+lineage led to insufficient root elongation and dentin deposition.Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing(ATAC-seq)and RNA sequencing were performed to revealed that in CREB3L1-deficient mouse dental papilla cells(mDPCs),the genes near the closed chromatin regions were mainly associated with mesenchymal development and the downregulated genes were primarily related to biological processes including cell differentiation,protein biosynthesis and transport,all of which were evidenced by a diminished ability of odontoblastic differentiation,a significant reduction in intracellular proteins,and an even greater decline in extracellular supernatant proteins.Dentin matrix protein 1(Dmp1),dentin sialophosphoprotein(Dspp),and transmembrane protein 30B(Tmem30b)were identified as direct transcriptional regulatory targets.TMEM30B was intensively expressed in the differentiated odontoblasts,and exhibited a significant decline in both CREB3L1-deficient odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro.Deletion of Tmem30b impaired the ability of odontoblastic differentiation,protein synthesis,and protein secretion in mDPCs.Moreover,overexpressing TMEM30B in CREB3L1-deficient mDPCs partially rescued the extracellular proteins secretion.Collectively,our findings suggest that CREB3L1 participates in dentinogenesis and facilitates odontoblastic differentiation by directly enhancing the transcription of Dmp1,Dspp,and other differentiation-related genes and indirectly promoting protein secretion partially via TMEM30B.