BACKGROUND:Wogonin is a flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis.Previous studies have shown that baicalein has protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,and can also reduce blood sugar and complications in diabetic mice,but its role and mechanism in diabetic cerebral infarction remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of wogonin on nerve injury in rats with diabetic cerebral infarction and its mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:control group,model group,low-dose wogonin group,medium-dose wogonin group,high-dose wogonin group,and high-dose wogonin+Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA)activator group.Except for the control group,the other rats were established with diabetes and cerebral ischemia models using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and middle cerebral artery occlusion.Low,medium-and high-dose wogonin groups were intragastrically given 10,20,40 mg/kg wogonin,respectively;high-dose wogonin+RhoA activator group was intragastrically given 40 mg/kg wogonin and intraperitoneally injected 10 mg/kg lysophosphatidic acid;control group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline once a day for 7 consecutive days.Rats in each group were evaluated for neurological deficits and their blood glucose levels were measured after the last dose.TTC staining was applied to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe pathological changes in brain tissue.ELISA kit was applied to detect tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase levels in brain tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of RhoA and Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)2 in brain tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the neuronal structure of rats in the model group was severely damaged,with cell necrosis and degeneration,the neurological deficit score,blood glucose level,and infarct volume were significantly elevated(P<0.05),the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and malondialdehyde,and the protein expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in brain tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the superoxide dismutase level was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the low-,medium-,and high-dose wogonin groups showed improved neuronal damage,reduced cell degeneration and necrosis,a significant reduction in neurological deficit score,blood glucose level,infarct volume,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and malondialdehyde,and the protein expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in brain tissue,and an increase in the superoxide dismutase level(P<0.05).Compared with the high-dose wogonin group,the high-dose wogonin+RhoA activator group significantly weakened the improvement in the above indexes of rats with diabetic cerebral infarction(P<0.05).To conclude,wogonin can improve the blood glucose level in rats with diabetic cerebral infarction,reduce cerebral infarction and nerve injury,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness and clinical practice of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B （2022 edition） among clinicians. MethodsFrom July 19 to December 31， 2024， a self-designed electronic questionnaire was distributed via the WeChat mini program to collect related data from 1 588 clinicians nationwide， including their awareness and practice based on 18 questions regarding testing and referral， diagnosis and treatment， and follow-up. ResultsAmong all respondents， only 350 clinicians correctly understood all the updated key points of antiviral indications and treatment for special populations in the 2022 edition of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B， with an overall awareness rate of 22.0%. Only 20% ‍—‍ ‍40% of the patients with positive HBV DNA and an age of >30 years receive antiviral therapy， while 80% ‍—‍ ‍100% of the patients with positive HBV DNA and a family history of hepatitis B cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma receive antiviral therapy. The median follow-up rates at 1 year， 3 years， and 5 years were 67.5% 57.5% and 47.5%，respectively， showing a trend of gradual reduction， which might be associated with the influencing factors such as insufficient time for follow-up management by clinicians， insufficient awareness of the disease among patients， and poor adherence to follow-up. ConclusionThere is a gap between the awareness and practice of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B （2022 edition） among clinicians. It is recommended to further strengthen training and focus on the whole process of “detection， diagnosis， treatment， and management” for patients with chronic hepatitis B in healthcare institutions， in order to promote the implementation of the guidelines.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.009.].

Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global health challenge. Current therapeutic options, such as interferon and nucleoside analogues (NAs), are limited by issues including long-term medication toxicity, the virus's propensity to develop drug resistance, and the inability to eradicate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs), as an emerging class of anti-HBV drugs, target HBcAg to interfere with capsid assembly. This not only blocks viral nucleocapsid formation and inhibits viral replication but also indirectly destabilizes the cccDNA pool, while exhibiting a relatively high genetic barrier to resistance. This article systematically evaluates HBV drug resistance to CpAMs and proposes anti-resistance strategies, including the combination of nucleoside analogues with CpAMs, enhancing protein-drug interactions, targeting HBcAg degradation, designing multi-target inhibitors, and employing combination therapy. Looking ahead, the integration of structural biology, computational chemistry, and immunotherapy will offer innovative approaches for developing novel, highly effective, and low-resistance inhibitors, thereby advancing the functional cure of hepatitis B.

Objective Feasibility application of microelectrode recording(MER)during sub thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation(STN-DBS)implantation under desflurane general anesthesia(GA)in patients with Par-kinson's disease(PD).Methods A prospective cohort of 20 PD patients undergoing STN-DBS under desflurane general anesthesia were enrolled.Intraoperative MER quality,pos-operative acute pain,cognitive function,anxi-ety/depression status,quality of life,and clinical efficacy of DBS were evaluated.Results Among the patients,14 were male with average PD duration of(8.1±3.6)years.Hoehn-Yahr staging averaged 2.8±0.5 in"on"state and 2.3±0.5 in"off"state.The mean DBS surgery duration was 87.4 minutes.Highly normalized root-mean-square(NRMS)signals were successfully recorded in all cases,with remedial measures applied in 4 pa-tients to achieve satisfactory MER signals.Post-operative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)pain scores on days 1,2,and 3 were 3.7±2.2,2.8±1.6,and 1.8±2.0,respectively.Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores showed no statistical difference during hospitalization as compared to pre-operative values,but significantly de-creased at 6-month follow-up(24.3±4.1 vs.21.5±3.5,P＜0.05).All patients demonstrated significant reduc-tion in Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),and Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-39(PDQ-39)scores at 6-month follow-up.The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS-Ⅲ)improvement rates were 51.4%±39.2%(medication-on)and 61.6%±26.8%(medication-off)respectively with Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose(LEDD)improvement rate of 48.6%±23.0%.Conclusions Desflurane general anesthesia is safe and feasible for electrods implantation in STN-DBS of PD patients,without interfering with intra-operative MER or postoperative outcomes.

Objective To explore the role of meibomian gland massage combined with the ROY adaptation model in nursing of xerophthalmia.Methods The medical records of 286 patients with xerophthalmia admitted from March 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively included.The patients were divided into conventional group(141 cases)and combined group(145 cases)according to dif-ferent intervention methods.Both groups received optimized pulsed light therapy.The conventional group received meibomian gland massage and routine nursing for xerophthalmia,while the combined group received additional nursing based on the ROY adaptation model.The improvement effects on subjective symptoms(dryness,foreign body sensation,fatigue,photophobia,and burning sensation)as well as psychological status[Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)],self-efficacy[General Self-Effica-cy Scale(GSES)],ocular surface status[Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)],and quality of life[the scale of quality of life for diseases with visual impairment(SQOL-DVI)]before and after inter-vention were compared between the two groups.Results The disappearance time of dryness,foreign body sensation,fatigue,photophobia,and burning sensation were shorter in the combined group than those in the conventional group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the scores of all dimensions and the total score of SCL-90 decreased in both groups compared with those before the intervention,and the scores in the combined group were lower than those in the conventional group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the scores for facing problems,coping with problems,and the total score increased in both groups compared with those before the intervention,and the scores in the combined group were higher than those in the conventional group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the scores for ocular symp-toms,visual function,environmental triggers factors,and the total score decreased in both groups compared with those before the intervention,and the scores in the combined group were lower than those in the conventional group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the scores for general health status,symptoms and visual function,social activities,mental health,and the total score increased in both groups compared with those before the intervention,and the scores in the combined group were higher than those in the conventional group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Meibomian gland mas-sage combined with nursing based on the ROY adaptation model can improve dry eye symptoms,ad-just the ocular surface status,enhance self-efficacy,and improve the quality of life of patients.

Natural antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are promising candidates for the development of a new gener-ation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine,food,and agriculture.However,efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges,including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance.This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs,both through membrane and non-membrane routes.We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods,including whole-bacterial adsorption binding,cell membrane chromatography(CMC),phospholipid membrane chromatography binding,membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis(CE),colorimetric assays,thin layer chromatography(TLC),fluorescence-based screening,genetic sequencing-based analysis,computational mining of AMP data-bases,and virtual screening methods.Additionally,we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery.This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features， diagnosis and treatment methods， and prognosis of gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma （GBSC）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 16 patients with GBSC who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to April 2023， including general information， clinical manifestations， imaging features， pathological features， and treatment modality， and follow-up was performed for all patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform the survival analysis and plot the survival curve， and the Log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsAmong the 16 patients， there were 6 male patients and 10 female patients， with a mean age of 62.9±8.4 years. The main clinical manifestations were right upper abdominal pain in 13 patients （81.3%）， nausea in 5 patients （31.3%）， abdominal distension in 4 patients （25.0%）， poor appetite in 3 patients （18.8%）， weakness in 2 patients （12.5%）， fever in 2 patients （12.5%）， and jaundice in 1 patient （6.3%）， and 3 patients were asymptomatic and were found to have this disease by physical examination. Of all patients， 81.3% （13/16） were in the advanced stage （stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ） at the time of initial diagnosis. Histopathological examination showed that some cancer cells were spindle-shaped under the microscope， with marked nuclear division and noticeable heteromorphism. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive expression rate of 100% （16/16） for Vimentin， AE1/AE3， and CK8/18， and Ki-67 proliferation index was highly expressed in 81.3% （13/16） of the patients （≥50%）， with a median of 70% （range 20%‍ ‍—‍ ‍90%）. All 16 patients underwent surgical treatment， with radical surgery in 11 patients and palliative surgery in 5 patients， among whom 9 received R0 resection， 2 received R1 resection， and 5 received R2 resection， and 7 patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery. Effective follow-up was achieved for all 16 patients， with a follow-up time of 0.5‍ ‍—‍ ‍26.0 months and a median follow-up time of 11.0 months. By the end of follow-up， 2 patients survived and 14 patients died due to tumor recurrence or metastasis， with a median survival time of 10.0 months， and the 1- and 2-year cumulative survival rates after surgery were 31.3% and 8.3%， respectively. The prognostic analysis showed that TNM stage （χ²=6.727， P=0.009）， surgical approach （χ²=7.508， P=0.006）， margin condition （χ²=7.934， P=0.005）， and adjuvant therapy （χ²=4.608， P=0.032） were associated with the prognosis of patients. ConclusionThe clinical manifestations of GBSC lack specificity， and a confirmed diagnosis relies on immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients are in the advanced disease at the time of initial diagnosis and tend to have a poor prognosis. There are currently no targeted therapies for this disease， and radical surgery with negative margins and adjuvant therapy can improve the survival rate of patients.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of daratumumab-based combined regimens for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 38 patients with RRMM in Jining NO.1 People's Hospital from Janunary 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with daratumumab-based combined regimens. The Dd regimen (12 cases) was treated with daratumumab and dexamethasone, the DPD regimen (20 cases) was treated with pomalodomide based on the Dd regimen, the DVD regimen (6 cases) was treated with bortezomib based on the Dd regimen. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of all groups were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.Results:The median follow-up time was 9.5 months (1.0 months, 32.5 months) and the median treatmemt time was 6.2 months (3.2 months, 25.6 months). Among 38 patients, 7 cases (18.7%) achieved complete remission, 9 cases (23.6%) achieved very good partial remission, 10 cases (26.3%) achieved partial remission, 4 cases (10.5%) achieved minimal remission, 5 cases (13.1%) achieved stable disease, 3 cases (7.9%) had the progression of the disease. The overall response rate (ORR) was 78.9% (30/38). The ORR was 66.7%(8/12), 83.3%(5/6), 85.0%(17/20), respectively in the Dd group, DVD group and DPD group. There was no statistically significant difference in the ORR between the DVD group and DPD group ( χ2 = 0.01, P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the ORR between the DVD group and Dd group ( χ2 = 0.55, P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the ORR between the DPD group and Dd group ( χ2 = 1.47, P>0.05). The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 12.5 months (95% CI: 8.5-24.2 months),the median overall survival (OS) time was not reached, and the 1-year OS rate was 89.4%. Among 38 patients, the main adverse reactions during treatment were infusion-related adverse reactions in 5 cases, grade 3 neutropenia in 7 cases, grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 9 cases, severe anemia in 12 cases; no one had drug discontinuation or drug reduction due to the intolerance of adverse reactions. Conclusions:Daratumumab-based combined regimens in the treatment of RRMM show a favorable efficacy and safety.