Objective: To explore the potential category patterns of risk prevention and control behaviors of HIV infection among young students who have sex with men (MSM) and their impact on HIV infection and late detection, aiming to optimize intervention strategies. Methods: From September 2017 to December 2024, a total of 1 637 MSM young students in Tianjin were recruited through both online and offline channels. Latent class analysis was applied to classify 11 HIV risk prevention and control behaviors [condom use during the most recent anal sex in the past 6 months, consistent condom use, use of water based lubricants, abstinence from recreational drugs, regular on site professional testing, fixed sexual partners, partner testing, awareness of partner s HIV testing results, testing before sexual activity, nucleic acid testing, and use of pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)]. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed associations between demographic characteristics/intervention services factors and latent classes. Differences in HIV infection and late detection across behavior patterns were compared. Results: HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM students were classified into three latent classes:condom dependent group (38.42%), low prevention group (27.73%), and comprehensive prevention group (33.85%). Students who received condom promotion/testing services were more likely to belong to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =5.58), while those who received peer education were less likely to the comprehensive prevention group ( OR =0.43) (both P <0.01). Among the MSM student population, the HIV infection rate was 4.83%, with 2.26% of cases detected late. The HIV infection rate (1.45%) and late detection proportion (0.82%) in the comprehensive prevention group were lower than those in the low prevention group (7.89% and 3.83%, respectively) ( χ 2=16.20, 7.31, both P <0.01). Conclusions HIV risk prevention and control behaviors among MSM young students exhibit significant heterogeneity. Comprehensive prevention strategies can effectively reduce HIV infection and late detection risks. It is necessary to optimize peer education content and improve the accessibility of diversified prevention measures such as PrEP/PEP to enhance HIV prevention and control.

BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease (CLD), mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a significant public health concern worldwide. This study aims to quantify the burden of NAFLD in CLD globally and within China, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, providing crucial insights for global and local health policies. METHODS: The study used comprehensive data from the GBD study 2021. It included estimates of prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Age-standardized rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) from 2011 to 2021 were reported. A meticulous decomposition analysis was conducted. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 1582.5 million prevalent cases, 47.6 million incident cases, 1.4 million deaths, and 44.4 million DALYs attributable to CLD, globally. Among these, NAFLD has emerged as the predominant cause, accounting for 78.0% of all prevalent CLD cases (1234.7 million) and 87.2% of incident cases (41.5 million). Correspondingly, NAFLD had the highest age-standardized prevalence (15,017.5 per 100,000 population) and incidence (876.5 per 100,000 population) rates among CLDs. In addition, China's CLD age-standardized prevalence rate was 21,659.5 per 100,000 population, and the age-standardized incidence rate was 752.6 per 100,000 population, higher than the global average. From 2011 to 2021, the global prevalence rate of CLD increased slowly (AAPC = 0.17), consistent with the trend in China (AAPC = 0.23). Furthermore, the prevalence rate of NAFLD rose significantly in China (AAPC = 1.30) compared with the global average (AAPC = 0.91). Decomposition analysis also showed the worldwide increase in deaths and DALYs for NAFLD, which were primarily attributable to population growth and aging. CONCLUSIONS The burden of CLD and NAFLD remains substantial globally and within China in terms of high prevalence and incidence. As such, this underscores the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and research to mitigate the growing impact of liver diseases on global and Chinese health systems.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/mortality* ; Global Burden of Disease ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Male ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Female ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Adult ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology* ; Aged

Objective To analyze the effect of fisetin against venous thrombosis in rats.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups:sham-operation group,model group,fisetin 45 mg/kg,15 mg/kg,5 mg/kg groups,and aspirin group(47 mg/kg).The corresponding medication was administered by gavage once a day consecutively(the sham-operation group and the model group were given 0.5％carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution with 10 mL/kg,respectively)for 7 consecutive days.One hour after the last administration,the rats were anesthetized,the lower part of the intersection of inferior vena cava and left renal vein was ligated with silk thread(no ligation in the sham-operation group),and the abdominal wall was sutured.Two hours later,the abdominal cavity was reopened,the other venous branches 1.5 cm away from the ligation site were closed with the artery clamp,and blood was collected from the abdominal aorta.The anticoagulant ratio of 3.8％sodium citrate∶whole blood was 1∶9.The venous thrombus 1 cm down from the ligation point of the intersection of inferior vena cava and left renal vein was cut and the thrombus was separated.The residual blood was dried with filter paper,weighed and recorded.Plasma was taken after anticoagulant blood centrifugation.The levels of plasma antithrombin-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ),protease C(PC),plasminogen(PLG),and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1)were detected by ELISA kits.Results Compared with the model group,the weight of thrombus in fisetin 45 mg/kg group and aspirin 47 mg/kg group decreased(P＜0.01).The content of AT-Ⅲ in three fisetin groups increased(all P＜0.05).The content of PC in fisetin 45 mg/kg increased(P＜0.05).The content of PLG and PAI-1 in fisetin 45 mg/kg group decreased(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Fisetin has the effect against venous thrombosis in vivo,and the effect is related to the upregulation of AT-Ⅲ and PC and the downregulation of PLG and PAI-1.

The pre-research of medical device standards is of great significance for the enactment and amendment of standards.This study discusses four aspects and explores how to promote more scientific and reasonable pre-research.Based on the pre-research practice of medical device standards project,this study puts forward relevant work ideas and suggestions.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression levels of serum cingulate protein(CGN)and polyligand glycan 1(SDC-1)and the disease condition and outcome of hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage(HBGH).Methods A total of 123 patients with HBGH admitted to the Second People's Hospi-tal of Lianyungang from February 2019 to February 2022 were selected as the study objects,and 120 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the health group.Serum CGN and SDC-1 expression levels were detected in the two groups.According to the dis-ease outcome,the patients were divided into the improved group(92 cases)and the deteriorated group(31 ca-ses).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were used to analyze the predictive value of serum CGN and SDC-1 expression levels on the disease outcome of patients with HB-GH.Results Serum CGN and SDC-1 expression levels in the severe group were higher than those in the mod-erate group and the mild group,and serum CGN and SDC-1 levels in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Serum CGN and SDC-1 expression levels in HBGH patients in three groups were higher than those in health group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Serum CGN and SDC-1 expression levels in the deteriorated group were higher than those in the improved group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The AUC of serum CGN and SDC-1 for predicting the disease outcome of HBGH patients was 0.742(95％CI:0.792-0.697)and 0.861(95％CI:0.906-0.910),respectively,and the AUC of the combination of the two was 0.917(95％CI:0.962-0.870).The amount of blood loss and ventricular rupture in the deteriorated group were higher than those in the improved group,and the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score on admission was lower than that in the improved group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Multi-variate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum CGN≥51.63 pg/mL(OR=3.815),serum SDC-1≥450.67 μg/L(OR=4.230)and GCS score ≤8(OR=5.333)were the influencing factors for disease outcome of HBGH patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The increased expression levels of serum CGN and SDC-1 are closely related to the disease aggravation and the deterioration of the disease outcome in patients with HBGH,and they have certain predictive value for the disease outcome in patients with HBGH.

Objective To observe the value of grey-level histogram analysis based on T2WI for differentiating consistency of meningioma.Methods Data of 109 patients with meningioma were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into hard group(n=71)and soft group(n=38)according to the consistency of tumors.Tumor ROI was outlined on axial T2WI showing the largest tumor section,gray levels were extracted and histogram analysis was performed.The value of each histogram parameter were compared between groups.Then receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficiency for differentiating soft and hard meningioma.Results P1,P10,P50,P90,P99 and the mean grey levels on T2WI in soft group were all higher than those in hard group(all P＜0.05),while the variance,the kurtosis and the skewness were not significantly different between groups(all P＞0.05).The differentiating efficiency of P1,P10,P50,P90,P99 and the mean grey levels on T2WI were all fine,with AUC of 0.774 to 0.833,and no significant difference was found(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Parameters of grey-level histogram analysis such as P1,P10,Ps0,P90,P99 and the mean values based on T2WI were all valuable for differentiating soft and hard meningioma.

There are many treatment options for cancer,and patients need to repeatedly weigh the pros and cons when choosing,consider various health risks and the impact on their families,and are prone to decision-making fatigue,which not only affects their decision-making judgment,but also may affect their physical and mental health.This paper summarizes the concept,theoretical model,and evaluation tools of decision fatigue,and summarizes the influencing factors and coping strategies of decision fatigue in cancer patients,which can provide a reference for domestic medical staff to further develop personalized decision support tools and carry out relevant clinical practice and scientific research.