This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

The disease risk prediction model is the basis of precision prevention and an essential reference for clinical treatment decisions. The development of risk prediction models requires the support of a large amount of high-quality data. A large population cohort study is an important basis for this study. The United Kingdom Biobank (UKB), as a mega-population cohort and biobank, has played an essential role in the exploration of disease etiology and research related to disease prevention and control, with its rich baseline and follow-up data and concepts and mechanisms shared globally. This study followed PRISMA guidelines and included 210 articles with corresponding authors from 18 countries, of which 58 (27.62%) were from the UKB. A total of 491 disease risk prediction models were extracted for cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, and other diseases and their subgroups, of which 132 were developed by UKB without validation, 183 were developed by UKB with internal validation, 17 were developed by UKB with external validation, and 159 were developed by external development with UKB validation. A total of 188 models used only macro variables (38.29%), and 303 models combined macro and micro variables (61.71%). Model construction methods included survival outcome models, logistic regression, and machine learning. Survival outcome models were dominated by Cox proportional risk regression models and a few models considering competitive risk, accelerated failure models, or different baseline risk functions. Machine learning models included random forest, XGBoost, CatBoost, support vector machine, convolutional neural network, and other methods. The UKB is an essential resource for multiple disease risk prediction modeling studies.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of adalimumab combined with acitretin in the treatment of childhood generalized pustular psoriasis.Methods:Five children with generalized pustular psoriasis were collected from Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children′s Hospital from October 2019 to August 2020. After admission, the patients received oral acitretin at a dose of 0.5 mg·kg -1·d -1. After relevant laboratory examinations, these patients additionally received subcutaneous injections of 20- or 40-mg adalimumab at weeks 0 (the initial dose) , 1, and every 2 weeks thereafter; when patients obtained a 50% improvement in the Japanese Dermatology Association (JDA) severity index score, the dose of acitretin would be reduced to 0.3 mg·kg -1·d -1, and acitretin would be discontinued after a 75% improvement. The disease condition was evaluated at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 after the start of adalimumab treatment, and adverse reactions were monitored during treatment. Results:All the 5 patients received drug treatment for at least 40 weeks. After 2-week treatment, 3 patients achieved a 50% reduction in JDA severity index score (JDA50) ; after 4-week treatment, 4 achieved JDA75, and 1 achieved JDA100; after 8-week treatment, all the 5 patients achieved JDA100. By June 2021, all the 5 children received follow-up for at least 40 weeks, no recurrence was observed during the treatment period, and no infections, malignant tumors or other serious adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion:Adalimumab combined with acitretin shows rapid onset of action and high safety in the treatment of childhood generalized pustular psoriasis.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of dezocine and nalbuphine on patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) in patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS:A total of 97 patients undergoing selective cesarean section were selected from our hospital during Jun. 2015 to Mar. 2017. They were divided into dezocine group(52 cases)and nalbuphine group(45 cases) according to lottery. Both groups received cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,and then given PCIA pump immediately after surgery. The pump of dezocine group was Dezocine injection 0.5 mg/kg+Tropisetron hydrochloride injection 10 mg;that of nalbuphine group was Nalbuphine hydrochloride injection 2 mg/kg+Tropisetron hydrochloride injection 10 mg. Both groups of analgesic drugs were diluted 100 mL with 0.9% sodium chloride injection,constant infusion of liquid medicine at rate of 2 mL/h,adding 0.5 mL additionally each time,for consecutive 48 h. VAS score and Ramsay sedation score of resting pain, dynamic pain and uterine contraction pain were performed in 2 groups 4,8,12,24,48 h after surgery. The serum levels of PRL were determined 30 min before surgery and 24,48 h after surgery. The initial time of lactation and ADR were recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:VAS score of resting pain and uterine contraction pain at 4,8,12 h after operation and that of dynamic pain at 4,8,12, 24 h after operation were significantly lower in dezocine group than nalbuphine group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance in VAS score between 2 groups at other time points(P＞0.05). As time went on,the VAS scores of the two groups decreased significantly at each time point,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). The serum levels of PRL in 2 groups 24 and 48 h after operation were significantly higher than 30 min before operation,with statistical significance(P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance in serum level of PRL between 2 groups at same time point(P＞0.05). There was no statistical significance in Ramsay score, initial time of lactation or the incidence of ADR between dezocine group and nalbuphine group (P＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both dezocine and nalbuphine are effective analgesia drugs of PCIA in patients undergoing cesarean section. Early postoperative analgesic effect of dezocine is superior to nalbuphine. They have similar effects on long-term analgesia and postoperative sedative,serum level of PRL,initial time of lactation,as well as safety.