Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, remarkable achievements have been gained in infectious disease prevention and control, and rich practical experiences have been accumulated. If these experiences are shared with developing countries, it will greatly contribute to global infectious disease control and global health security. Under the framework of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, a series of China-Africa public health capacity training programs have been recently held in China, in order to help improve the capability of infectious disease control in African countries. This article summarized and refined good design concepts and practices from these programs, so as to provide insights into sustainable optimization of China-Africa public health capacity training and improvements of the training effectiveness.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of robotic surgery via the bilateral axillo-breast approach（BABA） in lateral lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma（PTC）. Methods:Clinicopathological records of 324 PTC patients receiving unilateral neck dissection in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from December 2020 to November 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 108 underwent robotic surgery via BABA（robotic group）, while the remaining patients underwent conventional open surgery（open group）. The extent of lateral neck lymph node dissection included level Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The differences in surgical indexes, postoperative complication rates and cosmetic outcomes of incisions were compared between two groups. Results:All study subjects completed the operation successfully, and there was no conversion in the robotic group. The average age of patients in the robotic group was lower than that in the open group, and the proportion of female patients was higher in the robotic group compared to the open group（P<0.05）. Patients in the robotic group had a greater number of dissected lymph nodes in level ⅡB and higher cosmetic scores（P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the average dissection time of lateral cervical lymph nodes, the number of dissected lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in level ⅡA, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, average postoperative drainage volume, average postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complication rates（P>0.05）. Conclusion:The application of robotic surgical system via BABA in lateral neck lymph node dissection for PTC is safe and feasible, with superior advantages in level ⅡB dissection and better postoperative cosmetic outcomes.
Humans ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Neck Dissection/methods* ; Lymph Node Excision/methods* ; Male ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Axilla/surgery* ; Thyroidectomy/methods* ; Breast/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Lymph Nodes/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the safety,efficacy,and long-term outcomes of transoral ro-botic surgery(TORS)for the resection of parapharyngeal space tumors(PPST).Methods A retro-spective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 16 patients who underwent TORS for PPST re-section.Surgical outcomes,postoperative pathological findings,and complication rates were ob-served.Follow-up evaluations were performed to assess patient satisfaction,swallowing function re-covery,and tumor recurrence.Results Except for one patient who required an additional neck inci-sion,the remaining 15 patients successfully completed the surgery via the oral route.None of the pa-tients underwent tracheotomy or mandibulotomy.The mean surgical duration was 43.9 minutes,with an average tumor diameter of 4.5 cm resected.The mean intraoperative blood loss was 35.3 mL.Patients resumed oral intake after an average of 3.8 days and had a mean postoperative hospital stay of 8.3 days.Postoperative pathological examination revealed that the most common tumor type was pleomorphic adenoma(56.2％,9/16),followed by schwannoma(25.0％,4/16),with one case of basal cell adenoma,cyst,and lipoma,respectively.One patient experienced transient Horner's syndrome,two had wound dehiscence that healed spontaneously,and one had spontaneous wound healing after drainage tube dislodgement.With a mean follow-up of 79.5 months,no tumor recurrence or severe complications were observed.All patients had good swallowing function and were satisfied with the surgical outcomes.Conclusion TORS for PPST resection offers advantages such as clear surgical visualization,direct surgical access,minimal blood loss,reduced trauma,favorable cosmetic re-sults,and rapid postoperative recovery.It also demonstrates good long-term outcomes,with high safety and efficacy.

Objective To explore the application value of low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps in open thyroid cancer surgery.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps by our team from May 2021 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.And 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with monopolar electrocautery+ultrasonic scalpel were selected as the control group.The surgical procedures for both groups were thyroid lobectomy,isthmus resection+ipsilateral level Ⅵ lymph node dissection.The age,gender,body mass index(BMI),tumor TNM stage,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and surgical complications of the two groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,BMI,and tumor TNM stage between the two groups.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and the incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism in the low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps group were significantly less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no occurrences of postoperative subcutaneous hematoma,permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy,and permanent hypoparathyroidism in both groups.Conclusion In thyroid cancer surgery,low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps can not only achieve fine detailed operations,but also effectively protect the blood supply of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,superior laryngeal nerve,and parathyroid glands.It has less trauma and a faster postoperative recovery,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To explore the application value of low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps in open thyroid cancer surgery.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps by our team from May 2021 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.And 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with monopolar electrocautery+ultrasonic scalpel were selected as the control group.The surgical procedures for both groups were thyroid lobectomy,isthmus resection+ipsilateral level Ⅵ lymph node dissection.The age,gender,body mass index(BMI),tumor TNM stage,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and surgical complications of the two groups were compared.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,BMI,and tumor TNM stage between the two groups.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,48 h postoperative drainage volume,and the incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism in the low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps group were significantly less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no occurrences of postoperative subcutaneous hematoma,permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy,and permanent hypoparathyroidism in both groups.Conclusion In thyroid cancer surgery,low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps can not only achieve fine detailed operations,but also effectively protect the blood supply of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,superior laryngeal nerve,and parathyroid glands.It has less trauma and a faster postoperative recovery,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective: To explore the perioperative clinical treatment of thyroid cancer patients with heart disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 39 thyroid cancer patients with heart disease admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from April 2014 to February 2018,including 25 males and 14 females, the age ranged from 59 to 75 years,with an average age of 67.3±6.2 years. Perioperative clinical monitoring indicators included cardiac ultrasound left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), degree of vascular stenosis revealed by coronary CT, hypersensitive troponin I (TNI), b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), fibrinogen degradation products,and coagulation indexes. This panel of patients comprised 26 cases with 50% ≤ LVEF<60%,10 cases with 40% ≤ LVEF<50%, 3 cases with 36% ≤ LVEF<40%, 27 cases with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L, 7 cases with 100≤BNP<400 ng/L, and 5 cases with 400≤BNP<700 ng/L. Coronary CT showed no coronary artery stenosis>75%. The vascular graft was patent and the coronary artery after stenting was unobstructed. For 3 patients with LVEF<40% and 5 patients with BNP>400 ng/L,cardiotonic,diuretic,and nutritional myocardial therapy were used for 1 week. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: All 39 patients successfully completed the operation under general anesthesia,including 32 cases of total thyroidectomy,7 cases of glandular lobe and isthmic resection,and 40 cases of lateral neck dissection. One patient developed heart failure three days after surgery and was discharged after two weeks of treatment. No other cardiac related events,cerebrovascular and pulmonary thrombosis occurred during the perioperative period. The anesthesia preparation time was significant different between the group with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L and 50%≤LVEF<60% and the group with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L and 36%≤LVEF<50%. Conclusions Multi-indicators were utilized to adequately assess cardiac function before surgery. According to the results of cardiac ultrasound and coronary CT examination, the corresponding treatment should be conducted to improve the cardiac function. After the perioperative risk assessment and management of thyroid cancer patients with heart disease,standardized thyroid cancer surgery can be performed safely.

Objective? To study the clinical observation and nursing strategies for myelosuppression caused by induction chemotherapy for stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. Methods? The clinical data of 8 patients admitted during March 2015 to June 2017 who developed myelosuppression after induction chemotherapy using taxol + cisplatin + fluorouracil (TPF) were retrospectively analyzed for nursing strategies. Key nursing strategies included in the analysis were basic care, psychological care, condition observation and monitoring, medication care, infection prevention, infection management, prevention and treatment of anemia and bleeding, diet care and activity care. Results? After induction chemotherapy, 8 out of 15 (53.33%) stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients developed myelosuppression, among which 3 patients showedⅢ-Ⅳ degree myelosuppression. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (CSF) was administered by intramuscular injection to manage reduced granulocyte level in 2 cases. The granulocyte level in both patients went back to normal after 3-5 days. Platelet and recombinant human thrombopoietin were administered by intravenous injection to manage reduced platelet in 1 case. The platelet level of the patient started to increase after 3 days. All patients successfully recovered from myelosuppression before being discharged. Conclusions? For stageⅢ and stageⅣ laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer patients who developed myelosuppression after chemotherapy, enhanced basic care, psychological care and close observation of condition developments are essential to the patients' smooth recovery from myelosuppression.

Objective To explore the perioperative clinical treatment of thyroid cancer patients with heart disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 39 thyroid cancer patients with heart disease admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2014 to February 2018, including 25 males and 14 females, the age ranged from 59 to 75 years, with an average age of 67.3 ± 6.2 years. Perioperative clinical monitoring indicators included cardiac ultrasound left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), degree of vascular stenosis revealed by coronary CT, hypersensitive troponin I (TNI), b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), fibrinogen degradation products, and coagulation indexes. This panel of patients comprised 26 cases with 50％ ≤LVEF<60％, 10 cases with 40％ ≤ LVEF<50％, 3 cases with 36％≤LVEF<40％, 27 cases with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L, 7 cases with 100≤BNP<400 ng/L, and 5 cases with 400≤BNP<700 ng/L. Coronary CT showed no coronary artery stenosis>75％. The vascular graft was patent and the coronary artery after stenting was unobstructed. For 3 patients with LVEF<40％ and 5 patients with BNP>400 ng/L,cardiotonic,diuretic,and nutritional myocardial therapy were used for 1 week. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results All 39 patients successfully completed the operation under general anesthesia,including 32 cases of total thyroidectomy,7 cases of glandular lobe and isthmic resection,and 40 cases of lateral neck dissection. One patient developed heart failure three days after surgery and was discharged after two weeks of treatment . No other cardiac related events,cerebrovascular and pulmonary thrombosis occurred during the perioperative period. The anesthesia preparation time was significant different between the group with 0≤BNP<100 ng/L and 50％≤LVEF<60％ and the group with 0≤BNP<100 ng / L and 36％≤LVEF<50％. Conclusions Multi-indicators were utilized to adequately assess cardiac function before surgery. According to the results of cardiac ultrasound and coronary CT examination, the corresponding treatment should be conducted to improve the cardiac function. After the perioperative risk assessment and management of thyroid cancer patients with heart disease,standardized thyroid cancer surgery can be performed safely.

Objective: To investigate the indication, feasibility, and safety of da Vinci robotic surgical system in pharyngolaryngeal tumor resection. Methods: Thirty patients were diagnosed with pharyngolaryngeal tumors and treated with a transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from June 1, 2016 through November 30, 2017. Inclusion criteria included lesions of the oropharynx (n=13), parapharyngeal space (n=7), larynx (n=6) and hypopharynx (n=4). Twenty cases were males and ten cases were females. The median age was 56 years old (ranging from 30 to 81 years). Results: The robotic surgeries were performed successfully on 30 patients. One patient (3.3%) underwent TORS combined with a neck incision. The mean operative time was 40.7 min. The mean blood loss was 15.8 ml. The mean recovery time for oral intake was 5.3 days. The mean hospital stay was 9 days. None of the patients underwent tracheotomy or mandible split. Postoperative pathological examination showed that 18 cases (60.0%) were malignant and 1 case (5.6%) had positive surgical margin. Sixteen cases received neck dissection. No serious complications occurred during or after the operation. There was no local recurrence, metastasis or death except for regional recurrences in 2 cases (11.1%) with a follow-up of 1 to 18 months(median 13 months). Conclusion Transoral robotic surgery is a feasible, safe and effective surgical procedure with clear operation field, rapid surgical access, minimally invasive surgery, lesser hemorrhage, good cosmetic effect and fast recovery.

Objective To explore the signaling pathway of apoptosis induced by Paclitaxel (PTX) in leukemia cells and the chemosensitizing effect of adding short hairpin RNA(shRNA) on PTX,which targets the silencer of death domains(SODD).Methods After being treated with PTX,the expressions of SODD,B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2),nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Caspase-3 proteins in Jurkat cells were determined by Western blot ;the shRNA-SODD vectors were constructed and transfected into Jurkat cells by electroporation,and then G418 was used to select the stable tranfected cell line expressing the shRNA-SODD recombinant plasmids.The incidence of cell apoptosis induced by PTX was determined by flow cytometry labeled with propidium iodide.Results During the process of inducing apoptosis of Jurkat cells,PTX could significantly down-regulate the expressions of SODD and Bcl-2 proteins,degrade Caspase-3 and activate NF-κB.The apoptotic sensibility of Jurkat cells transfected with shRNA-SODD to PTX was significantly increased compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (F =10.35,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PTX can effectively induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells.Perhaps,SODD/Bcl-2 represents a specific apoptotic signaling pathway of PTX in leukemia cells and this apoptotic signaling pathway is Caspase-3-dependent,in which the function of NF-κB is to modulate the correlative apoptotic factors.Inhibiting the expression of SODD through transfecting shRNA-SODD vectors can significantly increase the apoptotic sensibility of leukemia cells to PTX.