ObjectiveTo analyze the research status and development trends of non-pharmacological therapies for post-stroke spasticity (PSS) over the past two decades. MethodsRelevant literatures on non-pharmacological rehabilitation of PSS published from January, 2004 to June, 2024 were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 6.3.R6 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for visualization analysis. ResultsA total of 780 publications were included. The annual number of publications showed an overall upward trend. China, the USA, and Italy contributed the highest number of publications. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and researcher Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari were identified as the most influential institution and author, respectively. High-frequency keywords and cluster labels included electric stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, robot and acupuncture. ConclusionOver the past 20 years, researches on non-pharmacological therapies for PSS have remained active, with hotspots focusing on diverse interventions such as electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and robot-assisted therapy.

Single-cell analysis of phenotypic plasticity could improve the development of more effective therapeutics. Still, the development of tools to measure single-cell heterogeneity has lagged due to difficulties in manipulating and culturing single cells. Here, we describe a single-cell culture and phenotyping platform that employs a starburst microfluidic network and automatic liquid handling system to capture single cells for long-term culture and multi-dimensional analysis and quantify their clonal properties via their surface biomarker and secreted cytokine/growth factor profiles. Studies performed on this platform found that cells derived from single-cell cultures maintained phenotypic equilibria similar to their parental populations. Single-cell cultures exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs stochastically disrupted this balance to favor stem-like cells. They had enhanced expression of mRNAs and secreted factors associated with cell signaling, survival, and differentiation. This single-cell analysis approach can be extended to analyze more complex phenotypes and screen responses to therapeutic targets.

Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and can profoundly impact their lives. However, the early detection of depression is often hindered by the time-consuming diagnostic process and the absence of objective biomarkers. In this study, we propose a novel approach for depression detection based on an affective brain-computer interface (aBCI) and the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG). By fusing EEG features associated with both emotional and resting states, our method captures comprehensive depression-related information. The final depression detection model, derived through decision fusion with multiple independent models, further enhances detection efficacy. Our experiments involved 40 adolescents with depression and 40 matched controls. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 86.54% on cross-validation and 88.20% on the independent test set, demonstrating the efficiency of multimodal fusion. In addition, further analysis revealed distinct brain activity patterns between the two groups across different modalities. These findings hold promise for new directions in depression detection and intervention.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression/diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Rest ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Models, Psychological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Affect/physiology* ; Photic Stimulation/methods* ; Video Recording ; Brain/physiopathology*

Room temperature stored platelets are associated with a higher risk of sepsis and related fatality. The risk of bacterial contamination of platelets is a leading risk of infection from blood transfusion. U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued a guidance on bacterial risk control strategies for blood collection establishments and transfusion services to enhance the safety and availability of platelets for transfusion. The prevention and control strategies in the guidance would be informative and instructive for further development of risk control strategies of platelet bacterial contamination in China.

Objective: To analyze the drug resistance of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) among hospitalized children in a children's hospital in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for the rational clinical application of antibacterial drugs. Methods: Specimens including sputum, blood, urine, pus, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, secretions, pleural fluid, and peritoneal fluid of hospitalized children from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected. Pathogen identification and drug susceptibility tests were performed on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLs-EC), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBLs-KP), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). The department distribution, specimen distribution, and drug resistance of MDROs were analyzed. Results: A total of 279 086 samples were submitted for testing, with 3 512 MDROs detected. Among these, MRSA and ESBLs-EC had relatively high detection rates of 35.76% and 41.50%, respectively. In the internal medicine pediatric patients, 1 869 MDROs were detected, accounting for 53.22%. The main departments were respiratory medicine, neonatology, and intensive care. In the surgical department, 1 643 MDROs were detected, accounting for 46.78%, with the main sources being general surgery and cardiac surgery. The highest numbers of MDROs were detected in sputum, pus, and urine samples, with 1 372, 527, and 494 isolates, representing 39.07%, 15.01%, and 14.07%, respectively. The resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin were between 81.76% and 100.00%. ESBLs-EC and ESBLs-KP had a resistance rate of 100.00% to ceftriaxone. CRKP had a resistance rate of 100.00% to ampicillin/sulbactam and imipenem. CRAB had a resistance rate of 100.00% to cefoxitin, imipenem, and meropenem. CRPA had a resistance rate of 100.00% to ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, and imipenem. CREC had a resistance rate of 100.00% to imipenem. Conclusions In a children's hospital in Hebei Province, infections with MDROs among hospitalized pediatric patients are primarily caused by MRSA and ESBLs-EC. These infections are mainly distributed in the departments of respiratory medicine, neonatology, intensive care, general surgery, and cardiac surgery, with the highest detection rates in sputum, pus, and urine samples. Additionally, MRSA, ESBLs-EC, ESBLs-KP, CRKP, CRAB, CRPA, and CREC show high resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the development of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB)in patients with viral hepatitis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 427 patients with Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)and Hepatitis C Virus(HCV)infections complicated by PTB admitted to the tuberculosis department of Kunming Third People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020.Patients were divided into the EPTB complication group(n=72)and the non-EPTB complication group(n=355)based on the presence of EPTB.Clinical treatment data of patients were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyse were used to screen independent risk factors for EPTB as predictive factors.A nomogram prediction model was established for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis(EPTB)complications in patients with viral hepatitis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis(PTB),evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve analysis.Results Among the 427 patients,292(68.3%)were male and 135(31.7%)were female,with 72 cases of EPTB,resulting in an incidence rate of 16.86%.In the EPTB group,there were 34 males(47.2%)and 38 females(52.8%).The types of EPTB included tuberculous pleuritis(21 cases,29%),tuberculous peritonitis(16 cases,22%),lymph node tuberculosis(13 cases,18%),tuberculous encephalitis(5 cases,6%),intestinal tuberculosis(6 cases,8%),bone tuberculosis(5 cases,6%),pelvic tuberculosis(3 cases,4%),and genitourinary tuberculosis(3 cases,4%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender(OR=0.425,95%CI:0.250-0.722,P=0.02),low triglyceride(TG)levels(OR=0.837,95%CI:0.717-0.978,P=0.025),the tuberculosis-specific antigen A(ESAT-6)(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.003～1.011 were independent influencing factors for EPTB in patients with PTB complicated by HBV and HCV infections.The optimal cutoff value for the nomogram model is 0.192,with a sensitivity of 0.611,specificity of 0.710,Youden index of 0.741,positive likelihood ratio of 2.103,and negative likelihood ratio of 0.548.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded χ2=2.631,P=0.955.ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.693,95%CI:0.629 1～0.7574.Conclusion The prediction model based on gender,low TG levels and ESAT-6 can well predict the occurrence of EPTB to some extent,providing a reference for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic basis of a male patient with Kennedy disease(KD) presenting as secondary infertility. METHODS: A male patient who had presented at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital in August 2023 for secondary infertility for 5 years was selected as the study subject. Clinical data, laboratory findings, and auxiliary examination of the patient were collected. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the patient and his family members. Following DNA extraction, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was carried out. Pathogenicity of candidate variant was predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Fluorescence probe PCR-capillary electrophoresis was employed to analyze the trinucleotide CAG repeat sequence variation in the AR gene to rule out dynamic mutation. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital (Ethics No.: 2024-697). RESULTS: The patient had presented with non-obstructive azoospermia and elevated androgen sensitivity index. Ultrasound scan indicated small testicular volume and seminal vesicle atrophy. WES and bioinformatics analysis revealed abnormal amplification in the patient's AR gene. Fluorescence probe PCR and capillary electrophoresis confirmed that both the proband and his nephew had harbored 52 CAG trinucleotide repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene, confirming the diagnosis of KD. The proband's mother, elder sister, and daughter were identified as carriers of the variant, while his second elder sister did not carry the mutation. CONCLUSION As a rare X-linked recessive genetic disease, KD mainly manifests with muscle weakness, myasthenia gravis and myofascial tremor, while cases with infertility and non-obstructive azoospermia as the initial symptoms are rare and can be easily missed. Diagnosis made by genetic testing needs to be taken seriously by the clinicians.
Humans ; Male ; Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/diagnosis* ; Adult ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics* ; Exome Sequencing ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Trinucleotide Repeats

The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR) is one of the key targets in the development of novel antidepressants. To develop new antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor, this study established a high-throughput screening method for drugs targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor based on the principle of detecting calcium flux signals. The immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were employed to evaluate receptor expression levels in the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line. The reaction system parameters, including cell seeding density, DMSO concentration, and dye incubation time, were optimized with Z'-factor and signal window values as evaluation indicators. The specificity, precision, stability, and applicability of the method were assessed. Results indicated that the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line stably expressed high levels of the 5-HT_2A receptor. The optimized screening method involved a reaction system with 10 000 cells/well, 0.2% DMSO, and 2 h incubation with Calcium 6 dye. The method demonstrated excellent specificity, with inter-batch precision below 10% for the detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at low, medium, and high concentrations. Testing four compounds that target the 5-HT_2A receptor- agonists 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), along with the antagonist MDL100907-yielded Z'-factors (at EC₈₀) greater than 0.85 and signal window values over 0.91. The EC₅₀ values of these compounds were in the nanomolar range, and their potency rank order aligned with previously reported data, confirming the reliability of the established method. When being applied to the detection of 38 known active compounds, the method efficiently identified 5-HT_2A receptor agonists and antagonists while showing no response to non-target compounds. In conclusion, this study successfully constructs a high-throughput screening approach for 5-HT_2A receptor-targeting drugs based on calcium flux signals. The method possesses strong specificity, high sensitivity, and robust stability, being suitable for screening antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor.
High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods* ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism* ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects* ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Calcium/metabolism*

Integrating the characteristics of Clinical Transfusion Medicine teaching, this paper systematically expounds on the current application status of the LLM in medical teaching, analyzes its advantages in areas including virtual case simulation, operational skill simulation, dynamic knowledge integration and personalized learning support, explores the design of its application scenarios and implementation pathways in Clinical Transfusion Medicine teaching, and examines the challenges it faces, including knowledge accuracy, ethical norms, and the transformation of teachers' roles, and corresponding countermeasures. It aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the digital transformation and quality improvement of Clinical Transfusion Medicine teaching.

Objective To investigate whether Piceatannol(PIC)improves diabetic retinopathy(DR)mediated by microglial polarization and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods Network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to analyze the common targets of DR,PIC,and microglia.Human retinal vascular endothelial cells(HRVECs)were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the NG-HRVECs group,HG-HRVECs group,and HG+PIC-HRVECs group.Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay,apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay,and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured using ELISA kits.BV-2 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the NG-BV-2 group,HG-BV-2 group,HG+PIC-BV-2 group,HG+Si-NC-BV-2 group,HG+Si-CXCR4-BV-2 group,and HG+Ibrutinib-BV-2 group.The levels of arginase-1(Arg-1)and inducible ni-tric oxide synthase(iNOS)were measured using ELISA kits.Furthermore,conditioned medium(CM)from BV-2 cells of each group was collected to treat HRVECs,after which the viability,apoptosis rate,and TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations of the HRVECs were measured.A DR rat model was established and intervened with PIC to investigate the ameliorative effects of PIC on retinal pathology.Results Bioinformatics analysis identified CXCR4 as the key target of this study.Compared with the NG-HRVECs group,the apoptosis rate and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in the HG-HRVECs group.Compared with the HG-HRVECs group,the HG+PIC-HRVECs group showed a decreased apoptosis rate and reduced concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6(all P＜0.05).Compared with the NG-BV-2 group,the HG-BV-2 group ex-hibited decreased Arg-1 levels and increased iNOS levels.Compared with the HG-BV-2 group,the HG+PIC-BV-2,HG+Si-CXCR4-BV-2,and HG+Ibrutinib-BV-2 groups all showed increased Arg-1 levels and decreased iNOS levels(all P＜0.05).Compared with the NG-BV-2-CM group,the HG-BV-2-CM group led to decreased viability,increased apoptosis rate,and in-creased concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in HRVECs.In contrast,the HG+PIC-BV-2-CM,HG+Si-CXCR4-BV-2-CM,and HG+Ibrutinib-BV-2-CM groups reversed the effects induced by HG-BV-2-CM on HRVECs(all P＜0.05).Animal experiment results showed that compared with DR model rats,rats treated with different doses of PIC exhibited significantly ameliora-ted retinal histopathological damage,and the protein expressions of Arg-1,iNOS,CXCR4,and p-BTK were reversed.Con-clusion PIC ameliorates DR progression mediated by microglial polarization by inhibiting the CXCR4/BTK pathway.