ObjectiveTo analyze the research status and development trends of non-pharmacological therapies for post-stroke spasticity (PSS) over the past two decades. MethodsRelevant literatures on non-pharmacological rehabilitation of PSS published from January, 2004 to June, 2024 were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 6.3.R6 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for visualization analysis. ResultsA total of 780 publications were included. The annual number of publications showed an overall upward trend. China, the USA, and Italy contributed the highest number of publications. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and researcher Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari were identified as the most influential institution and author, respectively. High-frequency keywords and cluster labels included electric stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, robot and acupuncture. ConclusionOver the past 20 years, researches on non-pharmacological therapies for PSS have remained active, with hotspots focusing on diverse interventions such as electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and robot-assisted therapy.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory intestinal disease with a complex pathogenesis. Its recurrent attacks easily lead to persistent intestinal mucosal damage， resulting in a year-by-year increase in incidence and imposing a heavy burden on patients. Currently， the treatment of UC mainly relies on corticosteroids， immunosuppressants， and aminosalicylate preparations. However， these therapies are limited by significant side effects， strong drug resistance， and poor long-term prognosis. As one of the important inflammatory pathways， the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway can regulate the occurrence and development of UC through multiple pathways by modulating multiple downstream targets. Therefore， the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway offers a new research direction for the treatment of UC. Numerous studies have shown that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays an important role in intestinal inflammatory responses， intestinal mucosal barrier damage， T helper cell 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg） immune imbalance， intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis， and oxidative stress. Chinese medicine has attracted increasing attention because of its unique advantages， including fewer side effects， individualized diagnosis and treatment， and enhancement of efficacy with reduction of toxicity. In addition to traditional Chinese herbal formulas， more Chinese medicine monomers and extracts have played key roles because of their more precise therapeutic targets. In recent years， many studies have confirmed that Chinese medicine can exert therapeutic effects on UC by interfering with the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， thereby alleviating intestinal inflammatory responses， repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier， regulating the balance of Th17/Treg immune cells， inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis， and suppressing oxidative stress. This article summarizes and reviews recent research progress in this field from three aspects， including an overview of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， the relationship between the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and UC， and the regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine， with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the future clinical treatment of UC and drug development.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory intestinal disease with a complex pathogenesis. Its recurrent attacks easily lead to persistent intestinal mucosal damage， resulting in a year-by-year increase in incidence and imposing a heavy burden on patients. Currently， the treatment of UC mainly relies on corticosteroids， immunosuppressants， and aminosalicylate preparations. However， these therapies are limited by significant side effects， strong drug resistance， and poor long-term prognosis. As one of the important inflammatory pathways， the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway can regulate the occurrence and development of UC through multiple pathways by modulating multiple downstream targets. Therefore， the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway offers a new research direction for the treatment of UC. Numerous studies have shown that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays an important role in intestinal inflammatory responses， intestinal mucosal barrier damage， T helper cell 17 （Th17）/regulatory T cell （Treg） immune imbalance， intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis， and oxidative stress. Chinese medicine has attracted increasing attention because of its unique advantages， including fewer side effects， individualized diagnosis and treatment， and enhancement of efficacy with reduction of toxicity. In addition to traditional Chinese herbal formulas， more Chinese medicine monomers and extracts have played key roles because of their more precise therapeutic targets. In recent years， many studies have confirmed that Chinese medicine can exert therapeutic effects on UC by interfering with the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， thereby alleviating intestinal inflammatory responses， repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier， regulating the balance of Th17/Treg immune cells， inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis， and suppressing oxidative stress. This article summarizes and reviews recent research progress in this field from three aspects， including an overview of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， the relationship between the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and UC， and the regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine， with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the future clinical treatment of UC and drug development.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy and clinical utility of a newly designed acetabular bone defect classification system based on the ischial-gluteal pillar in assessing the severity of acetabular bone defects and guiding hip revision surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 474 patients who underwent hip revision surgery for prosthetic loosening after total hip arthroplasty at our institution from January 2010 to December 2020, including 296 males and 178 females with a mean age of 70.4±8.9 years (range: 52-86 years). The accuracy of our classification system in guiding surgical procedures was evaluated by comparing preoperative defect classifications with intraoperative findings. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using preoperative and final follow-up Harris hip scores (HHS) and Oxford hip scores (OHS), as well as the incidence of complications.Results:Preoperative classifications included 143 Type I, 192 Type II (Type IIa: 86 cases, Type IIb: 59 cases, Type IIc: 47 cases), 93 Type III (Type IIIa: 54 cases, Type IIIb: 27 cases, Type IIIc: 12 cases), and 46 Type IV cases (Type IVa: 32 cases, Type IVb: 9 cases, Type IVc: 5 cases). Compared with intraoperative findings, classification accuracy was 99.3% for Type I (1 errors), 98.4% for Type II (3 errors), 97.8% for Type III (2 errors), and 97.8% for Type IV (1 misclassified as Type III). The mean follow-up was 5.8±4.4 years (range: 2-12 years). At final follow-up, mean HHS improved from 36.65±10.27 to 91.36±7.53, and mean OHS increased from 11.35±4.36 to 44.6±5.27 with significant difference ( P<0.001). Complications included one Type IV periprosthetic infection, one Type II hip dislocation, one Type I and two Type IV re-revisions (due to femoral loosening or graft resorption), one Type II and one Type III death unrelated to surgery, and one Type I postoperative thigh hematoma. No neurovascular injuries occurred. Conclusions:This novel 3D acetabular bone defect classification system, based on ischial-gluteal pillar integrity, provides accurate preoperative assessment and effectively guides surgical planning. Its application demonstrates favorable mid-term outcomes in hip revision surgery.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the development of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB)in patients with viral hepatitis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 427 patients with Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)and Hepatitis C Virus(HCV)infections complicated by PTB admitted to the tuberculosis department of Kunming Third People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020.Patients were divided into the EPTB complication group(n=72)and the non-EPTB complication group(n=355)based on the presence of EPTB.Clinical treatment data of patients were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyse were used to screen independent risk factors for EPTB as predictive factors.A nomogram prediction model was established for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis(EPTB)complications in patients with viral hepatitis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis(PTB),evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and ROC curve analysis.Results Among the 427 patients,292(68.3%)were male and 135(31.7%)were female,with 72 cases of EPTB,resulting in an incidence rate of 16.86%.In the EPTB group,there were 34 males(47.2%)and 38 females(52.8%).The types of EPTB included tuberculous pleuritis(21 cases,29%),tuberculous peritonitis(16 cases,22%),lymph node tuberculosis(13 cases,18%),tuberculous encephalitis(5 cases,6%),intestinal tuberculosis(6 cases,8%),bone tuberculosis(5 cases,6%),pelvic tuberculosis(3 cases,4%),and genitourinary tuberculosis(3 cases,4%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender(OR=0.425,95%CI:0.250-0.722,P=0.02),low triglyceride(TG)levels(OR=0.837,95%CI:0.717-0.978,P=0.025),the tuberculosis-specific antigen A(ESAT-6)(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.003～1.011 were independent influencing factors for EPTB in patients with PTB complicated by HBV and HCV infections.The optimal cutoff value for the nomogram model is 0.192,with a sensitivity of 0.611,specificity of 0.710,Youden index of 0.741,positive likelihood ratio of 2.103,and negative likelihood ratio of 0.548.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded χ2=2.631,P=0.955.ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.693,95%CI:0.629 1～0.7574.Conclusion The prediction model based on gender,low TG levels and ESAT-6 can well predict the occurrence of EPTB to some extent,providing a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the distribution of dense fine speckled(DFS)antinuclear antibody(ANA)in different ages,genders,and diseases,and to explore its clinical significance in the diagnosis of auto-immune disease(AID).Methods A retrospective summary was conducted on the clinical basic data of 53520 patients who visited the hospital from January 2022 to April 2024,as well as the results of indirect immunoflu-orescence(IIF)ANA fluorescence karyotype and titer,and immunoblotting ANA spectrum,and the relation-ship between DFS positivity and AID was analyzed.Results Of the 53 520 serum samples,the rate of ANA fluorescence positivity was 32.40％,with DFS-positive samples accounting for 1.18％of all ANA fluores-cence-positive samples.The male-to-female ratio of DFS positives was 1∶1.94,with the highest percentage of 51.9％in the 21-40 age group.Among DFS positive individuals,only 12.14％were clinically diagnosed with AID disease,significantly lower than other ANA fluorescent karyotype positive individuals(23.31％,P＜0.001).The overall positivity rate of ANA spectra using immunoblotting in DFS-positive individuals was 23.54％,which was significantly lower than that in other fluorescent karyotype positive ANA individuals(73.26％,P＜0.001).Moreover,DFS positive individuals were mainly accompanied by antibody positivity such as anti-Ro52 antibodies,which had no diagnostic specificity in AID diagnosis.When comparing DFS posi-tive individuals with similar fluorescence morphology to those with homogeneous nuclear granules and nuclei,at an ANA titer of 1∶100,the proportion of AID patients in homogeneous nuclear granules and nuclei was 20.04％,significantly higher than the proportion of AID patients in DFS positive individuals(9.44％,P=0.001).With the increase of ANA titer,the proportion of AID diseases significantly increased in both karyo-type samples.When the ANA titer of DFS positive samples was increased to ≥ 1∶320,the proportion of AID diseases significantly increased to 30.77％(P=0.002).Conclusion DFS is a rare ANA fluorescent karyo-type,and DFS positive individuals are mainly found in females aged 21-40,mostly non AID patients.Howev-er,high titers of DFS cannot rule out the possibility of AID.In clinical work,special attention should be paid to distinguishing it from the homogeneous nuclear granule type to avoid misdiagnosis.

Depression is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and can profoundly impact their lives. However, the early detection of depression is often hindered by the time-consuming diagnostic process and the absence of objective biomarkers. In this study, we propose a novel approach for depression detection based on an affective brain-computer interface (aBCI) and the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG). By fusing EEG features associated with both emotional and resting states, our method captures comprehensive depression-related information. The final depression detection model, derived through decision fusion with multiple independent models, further enhances detection efficacy. Our experiments involved 40 adolescents with depression and 40 matched controls. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 86.54% on cross-validation and 88.20% on the independent test set, demonstrating the efficiency of multimodal fusion. In addition, further analysis revealed distinct brain activity patterns between the two groups across different modalities. These findings hold promise for new directions in depression detection and intervention.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression/diagnosis* ; Early Diagnosis ; Rest ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Models, Psychological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Affect/physiology* ; Photic Stimulation/methods* ; Video Recording ; Brain/physiopathology*

The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR) is one of the key targets in the development of novel antidepressants. To develop new antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor, this study established a high-throughput screening method for drugs targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor based on the principle of detecting calcium flux signals. The immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were employed to evaluate receptor expression levels in the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line. The reaction system parameters, including cell seeding density, DMSO concentration, and dye incubation time, were optimized with Z'-factor and signal window values as evaluation indicators. The specificity, precision, stability, and applicability of the method were assessed. Results indicated that the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line stably expressed high levels of the 5-HT_2A receptor. The optimized screening method involved a reaction system with 10 000 cells/well, 0.2% DMSO, and 2 h incubation with Calcium 6 dye. The method demonstrated excellent specificity, with inter-batch precision below 10% for the detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at low, medium, and high concentrations. Testing four compounds that target the 5-HT_2A receptor- agonists 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), along with the antagonist MDL100907-yielded Z'-factors (at EC₈₀) greater than 0.85 and signal window values over 0.91. The EC₅₀ values of these compounds were in the nanomolar range, and their potency rank order aligned with previously reported data, confirming the reliability of the established method. When being applied to the detection of 38 known active compounds, the method efficiently identified 5-HT_2A receptor agonists and antagonists while showing no response to non-target compounds. In conclusion, this study successfully constructs a high-throughput screening approach for 5-HT_2A receptor-targeting drugs based on calcium flux signals. The method possesses strong specificity, high sensitivity, and robust stability, being suitable for screening antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor.
High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods* ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism* ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects* ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Calcium/metabolism*

Objective: To analyze the drug resistance of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) among hospitalized children in a children's hospital in Hebei Province from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for the rational clinical application of antibacterial drugs. Methods: Specimens including sputum, blood, urine, pus, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, secretions, pleural fluid, and peritoneal fluid of hospitalized children from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected. Pathogen identification and drug susceptibility tests were performed on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLs-EC), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBLs-KP), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). The department distribution, specimen distribution, and drug resistance of MDROs were analyzed. Results: A total of 279 086 samples were submitted for testing, with 3 512 MDROs detected. Among these, MRSA and ESBLs-EC had relatively high detection rates of 35.76% and 41.50%, respectively. In the internal medicine pediatric patients, 1 869 MDROs were detected, accounting for 53.22%. The main departments were respiratory medicine, neonatology, and intensive care. In the surgical department, 1 643 MDROs were detected, accounting for 46.78%, with the main sources being general surgery and cardiac surgery. The highest numbers of MDROs were detected in sputum, pus, and urine samples, with 1 372, 527, and 494 isolates, representing 39.07%, 15.01%, and 14.07%, respectively. The resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin were between 81.76% and 100.00%. ESBLs-EC and ESBLs-KP had a resistance rate of 100.00% to ceftriaxone. CRKP had a resistance rate of 100.00% to ampicillin/sulbactam and imipenem. CRAB had a resistance rate of 100.00% to cefoxitin, imipenem, and meropenem. CRPA had a resistance rate of 100.00% to ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, and imipenem. CREC had a resistance rate of 100.00% to imipenem. Conclusions In a children's hospital in Hebei Province, infections with MDROs among hospitalized pediatric patients are primarily caused by MRSA and ESBLs-EC. These infections are mainly distributed in the departments of respiratory medicine, neonatology, intensive care, general surgery, and cardiac surgery, with the highest detection rates in sputum, pus, and urine samples. Additionally, MRSA, ESBLs-EC, ESBLs-KP, CRKP, CRAB, CRPA, and CREC show high resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents.

Objective:To investigate the accuracy and clinical utility of a newly designed acetabular bone defect classification system based on the ischial-gluteal pillar in assessing the severity of acetabular bone defects and guiding hip revision surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 474 patients who underwent hip revision surgery for prosthetic loosening after total hip arthroplasty at our institution from January 2010 to December 2020, including 296 males and 178 females with a mean age of 70.4±8.9 years (range: 52-86 years). The accuracy of our classification system in guiding surgical procedures was evaluated by comparing preoperative defect classifications with intraoperative findings. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using preoperative and final follow-up Harris hip scores (HHS) and Oxford hip scores (OHS), as well as the incidence of complications.Results:Preoperative classifications included 143 Type I, 192 Type II (Type IIa: 86 cases, Type IIb: 59 cases, Type IIc: 47 cases), 93 Type III (Type IIIa: 54 cases, Type IIIb: 27 cases, Type IIIc: 12 cases), and 46 Type IV cases (Type IVa: 32 cases, Type IVb: 9 cases, Type IVc: 5 cases). Compared with intraoperative findings, classification accuracy was 99.3% for Type I (1 errors), 98.4% for Type II (3 errors), 97.8% for Type III (2 errors), and 97.8% for Type IV (1 misclassified as Type III). The mean follow-up was 5.8±4.4 years (range: 2-12 years). At final follow-up, mean HHS improved from 36.65±10.27 to 91.36±7.53, and mean OHS increased from 11.35±4.36 to 44.6±5.27 with significant difference ( P<0.001). Complications included one Type IV periprosthetic infection, one Type II hip dislocation, one Type I and two Type IV re-revisions (due to femoral loosening or graft resorption), one Type II and one Type III death unrelated to surgery, and one Type I postoperative thigh hematoma. No neurovascular injuries occurred. Conclusions:This novel 3D acetabular bone defect classification system, based on ischial-gluteal pillar integrity, provides accurate preoperative assessment and effectively guides surgical planning. Its application demonstrates favorable mid-term outcomes in hip revision surgery.