ObjectiveTo analyse the efficacy and mechanism of Guizhi Fulingwan in regulating sex hormone disorders in rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. MethodsThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a model group， a finasteride group （0.45 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and low-dose and high-dose groups of Guizhi Fulingwan （0.135， 0.337 5 g∙kg^-1∙d^-1）， with six in each group. The BPH model was prepared by subcutaneous injection of 3.5 mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1 testosterone propionate after debridement surgery in all groups except the sham group. The rats in the sham group and the model group were administered with an equal volume of saline by gavage， and the rest of the groups were administered with the corresponding medicinal solution by gavage for 35 days. Histopathology in rats was evaluated by prostate wet weight， volume， index， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The serum sex hormone levels of testosterone （T）， dihydrotestosterone （DHT）， and estradiol （E₂） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression of the androgen receptor （AR） was detected by immunohistochemistry. The serum metabolism profiles of rats in the sham group， the model group， and the high-dose group of Guizhi Fulingwan were compared by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Fourier transform mass spectrometry （UHPLCQ Exactive） to screen for metabolic markers and to obtain relevant metabolic pathways. ResultsCompared with those in the sham group， the wet weight， volume， index， serum sex hormone level， and AR protein expression of the prostate in the model group were all elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the histomorphology showed pathological changes. Compared with those in the model group， the wet weight， volume， index， serum sex hormone level， and AR protein expression of the prostate in the intervention groups showed a decreasing trend （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and histopathology was improved. Serum metabolomics analysis obtained a total of 40 metabolic markers related to the intervention effect of Guizhi Fulingwan， such as dehydrosafynol， hyoscyamine， and lumichrome， which were involved in the pathways of autophagy， riboflavin metabolism， and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. ConclusionGuizhi Fulingwan can effectively regulate sex hormone disorders in BPH rats， and its mechanism may be related to autophagy， riboflavin metabolism， and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling.

Objective To explore the effect of rotenone exposure on the metabolic homeostasis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)in dopaminergic neurons of the rat mid-brain striatum,and investigate the effect of exogenous NAD+intervention on the cellular damage response of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone.Methods Male SD rats(8 weeks old,200～250 g)were divided into a control group using a table of random numbers,a rotenone exposure group,an NAD+-intervention group,and an NAD+group.An intoxication model was established in the rotenone exposure group.NAD+(250 mg/kg)was administered simultaneously with rotenone exposure in the NAD+-intervention group.The NAD+group was only given NAD+,while the control group received no intervention.After modeling,open field test was performed to evaluate behavioral changes.After scarification,serum samples and mid-brain striatal tissues were collected.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum.The NAD+content in the tissues was detected with NAD+/NADH kit.Western blotting was employed to determine the contents of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT),nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase(NMNAT),and solute carrier family 25 member A51(SLC25A51).ELISA was utilized to measure the content of dopamine in the striatal tissues.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to observe the distribution and contents of TH proteins in the striatal tissues of each group.Results Rotenone exposure significantly affected the vital signs and motor abilities of rats,induced disorderly-arranged,atrophy and deformed neurons in the striatal tissue,decreased the content of TH,rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis,by approximately 29%(P<0.01),the content of dopamine by about 42%,and that of NAD+by almost 50%(P<0.01),while increased the NADH/NAD+ratio(P<0.01).After exposure,the content of NAMPT,an enzyme related to NAD+synthesis,was decreased by 26%(P<0.05),the contents of NMNAT1-3 and SLC25A51,mitochondrial transporters of NAD+by approximately 21%,38%,43%,and 21%,respectively(P<0.01).Exogenous NAD+intervention improved the motor function of exposure rats and the morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain striatal tissue,and restored the content of TH in the striatal tissue significantly by 12.8%(P<0.05),and the content of dopamine by 20.9%(P<0.05).Conclusion Rotenone disrupts the NAD+homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting the NAD+synthesis and transport pathways in the mid-brain striatal tissues,while exogenous NAD+intervention can effectively alleviate the dopaminergic neuron damage induced by rotenone exposure.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of the Schroth therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:Relevant clinical studies on Schroth therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 2024. Two authors independently conducted the literature search and imported all potentially eligible studies into EndNote X9 to determine whether the studies met the inclusion criteria. If there was any disagreement, the two parties would discuss and solve it or add a third author for judgment. The scoliosis Cobb angle and the Scoliosis Research Society question-naires-22 (SRS-22) or SRS-23 were extracted from the scoliosis after treatment. The Schroth therapy was compared with other conservative treatment methods (functional exercise or no intervention). The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized controlled trials. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the meta-analysis results.Results:A total of 189 patients from 8 literatures were included in the meta-analysis, including 2 Chinese literatures and 6 English literatures, all of which were randomized controlled trials, with a modified Jadad score of 4-6 points. The results of meta-analysis showed that the Cobb angle of Schroth therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was smaller than that of functional exercise or no intervention [ WMD=-3.63, 95% CI (-4.76, -2.51), P<0.001]. SRS-22 or SRS-23 was superior to functional exercise or no intervention [ WMD=0.23, 95% CI(0.14, 0.32), P<0.001], and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the Cobb angle of Schroth treatment was smaller than that of other conservative treatment methods such as functional exercise [ WMD=-3.48, 95% CI(-4.76, -2.20), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Compared with other conservative treatment methods and no intervention, Schroth therapy can effectively improve the Cobb angle and quality of life in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Objective The purpose of writing the"expert consensus on humanistic care for patients in hospice care"(hereinafter referred to as the"consensus")aims to standardize the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,ensuring that humanistic care is integrated throughout the entire service process for hospice care patients and their families.Methods A systematic search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases for literature related to hospice care and humanistic care,including guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews or Meta-analyses,and evidence summaries.High-quality evidence was evaluated,extracted,and summarized to form the initial draft of the"consensus".From June to October 2024,20 experts from the fields of hospice care,nursing humanities,and evidence-based nursing were invited to participate in 1 round of expert consultation.Among them,13 experts were selected for 2 rounds of expert demonstration meetings.After collating and analyzing the experts' opinions,the initial draft was revised and refined,ultimately resulting in the final version of the"consensus".Results The effective response rate of the consultation questionnaire was 100％,with expert authority coefficient of 0.880,judgment coefficient of 0.935,and familiarity level of 0.825.The Kendall harmony coefficient of the expert consultation was 0.134(P＜0.05).The"consensus"consisted of 13 aspects,including the targets and objectives,principles,institutional guarantees,environmental requirements,etc.Conclusion This"consensus"possesses strong scientific rigor and practicality,which can provide guidance and references for the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,promoting the standardization and humanization of hospice care services.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of the Schroth therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:Relevant clinical studies on Schroth therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, SinoMed, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 2024. Two authors independently conducted the literature search and imported all potentially eligible studies into EndNote X9 to determine whether the studies met the inclusion criteria. If there was any disagreement, the two parties would discuss and solve it or add a third author for judgment. The scoliosis Cobb angle and the Scoliosis Research Society question-naires-22 (SRS-22) or SRS-23 were extracted from the scoliosis after treatment. The Schroth therapy was compared with other conservative treatment methods (functional exercise or no intervention). The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized controlled trials. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the meta-analysis results.Results:A total of 189 patients from 8 literatures were included in the meta-analysis, including 2 Chinese literatures and 6 English literatures, all of which were randomized controlled trials, with a modified Jadad score of 4-6 points. The results of meta-analysis showed that the Cobb angle of Schroth therapy in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was smaller than that of functional exercise or no intervention [ WMD=-3.63, 95% CI (-4.76, -2.51), P<0.001]. SRS-22 or SRS-23 was superior to functional exercise or no intervention [ WMD=0.23, 95% CI(0.14, 0.32), P<0.001], and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the Cobb angle of Schroth treatment was smaller than that of other conservative treatment methods such as functional exercise [ WMD=-3.48, 95% CI(-4.76, -2.20), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Compared with other conservative treatment methods and no intervention, Schroth therapy can effectively improve the Cobb angle and quality of life in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Objective The purpose of writing the"expert consensus on humanistic care for patients in hospice care"(hereinafter referred to as the"consensus")aims to standardize the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,ensuring that humanistic care is integrated throughout the entire service process for hospice care patients and their families.Methods A systematic search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases for literature related to hospice care and humanistic care,including guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews or Meta-analyses,and evidence summaries.High-quality evidence was evaluated,extracted,and summarized to form the initial draft of the"consensus".From June to October 2024,20 experts from the fields of hospice care,nursing humanities,and evidence-based nursing were invited to participate in 1 round of expert consultation.Among them,13 experts were selected for 2 rounds of expert demonstration meetings.After collating and analyzing the experts' opinions,the initial draft was revised and refined,ultimately resulting in the final version of the"consensus".Results The effective response rate of the consultation questionnaire was 100％,with expert authority coefficient of 0.880,judgment coefficient of 0.935,and familiarity level of 0.825.The Kendall harmony coefficient of the expert consultation was 0.134(P＜0.05).The"consensus"consisted of 13 aspects,including the targets and objectives,principles,institutional guarantees,environmental requirements,etc.Conclusion This"consensus"possesses strong scientific rigor and practicality,which can provide guidance and references for the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,promoting the standardization and humanization of hospice care services.

AIM: To explore the clinicopathological and immunohistochemistry(IHC)characteristics of meibomian gland carcinoma(MGC).METHODS: Patients who were pathologically diagnosed as MGC from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 in our hospital were enrolled, and their clinicopathological information was retrospectively analyzed. Cancer tissues from all the cases were IHC stained. En Vision two-step method, DAB staining, as well as hematoxylin re-staining were applied in the IHC assay.RESULTS: A total of 50 patients with 21 males and 29 females(1:1.38)were enrolled in the study, ranging from 26 to 80 years old, with a median age of 60 years. The upper eyelid, which was the predilection site, accounting for 66%(33/50). Histopathologically, moderately or poorly differentiated was in the majority(35/50, 70%). The expression rates of IHC parameters of MGC patients were as follows: GATA-3(49/50, 98%), EMA(49/50, 98%), CAM5.2(42/50, 84%), AR(41/50, 82%), MSH2(50/50, 100%), MSH6(50/50, 100%), MLH1(50/50, 100%), PMS2(50/50, 100%), Ki67(positive, 50%-90%). All the patients were followed up for 12 to 72 mo, with 5 cases of recurrence and 0 deaths.CONCLUSION: Pathological diagnosis of MGC should focus on observing cancer cells' cytoplasm to find relevant clues for cortical gland differentiation. Comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators is required when using IHC to assist diagnosis. For most MGC cancer cells, positive expressions of GATA-3, EMA, AR, CAM5.2 and a high Ki67 proliferation index could be always found. In addition, screening for Muir-Torre syndrome related IHC indicators could be also performed in diagnosing MGC simultaneously.

Objective To investigate the mechanism and protective effect of Humanin(HN)on rotenone(Rot)-induced toxic damage for dopamine neurons.Methods The Rot-poisened PC12 cell model was constructed,and the control group,the Rot poisening group,the HN pretreated Rot poisening group,and the HN treatment group were set up.ELISA was used to detect the content of HN inside and outside of Rot-infected cells,CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability,and ATP detection kit was used to detect the intracellular ATP content.Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assay was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of mitochondrial autophagy regulatory proteins Pink1,Parkin,p62,LC3,mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory protein PGC1α,division/fusion regulatory proteins OPA1,MFN2,DRP1,p-DRP1 and antioxidant stress regulatory proteins Keap1 and Nrf2.HBAD-mcherry-EGFP-LC3 adenovirus transfected cells was used to observed the number of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes.Results The results showed that the intracellular concentration of HN in PC12 in the Rot poisening group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);Compared with the control group,the Rot poisening group had significantly decreased activity of PC12 cells,decreased ATP content and increased production of ROS.After the poisen of Rot in PC12 cells,the expression of Pink1 and p-Parkin,the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and the expression of p-DRP1 in mitochondrial fusion protein was increased,while the expression of p62,the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis protein PGC1 α,mitochondrial fusion proteins MFN2 and OPA1,and antioxidant stress proteins Keap1 and Nrf2 were decreased(all P＜0.05).The number of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes in PC12 cells in the Rot poisening group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and HN pretreatment(20 μmol/L)could significantly improve the changes mentioned above caused by Rot poisening(P＜0.05).Conclusion HN ameliorates Rot-induced toxic damage for dopamine neurons by inhibiting mitophagy and mitochondrial division and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion,and anti-oxidative stress.

Objective:To investigate the expression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission-related receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in human conjunctival tissue and its clinical significance.Methods:Fifty human conjunctival tissue specimens from 50 patients including 10 normal conjunctival tissues, 15 conjunctival papilloma tissues, 15 conjunctival nevus tissues and 10 conjunctival cyst tissues were collected from June 2019 to June 2020 at Xi'an People's Hospital.Ten corneal tissue samples from 10 patients with eyes removed due to trauma were collected as control.The distribution of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in different corneal tissues was detected by the immunohistochemistry.The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was scored and compared.Reuse of the human samples and the research protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Xi'an People's Hospital (No.20190022). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results:ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were both expressed in normal conjunctival epithelium, epithelial cells in conjunctiva papilloma and conjunctival nevus, and cells in conjunctiva cyst wall.ACE2 was mainly distributed in the superficial and intermediate cells of conjunctival epithelium, but not in the basal cells and goblet cells.TMPRSS2 was found in different layers of cells.The positive expression rates of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in conjunctiva were both 100%.There was no significant difference in the expression intensity of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 among normal conjunctival tissue, conjunctival papilloma, conjunctival nevus and conjunctival cyst (all at P>0.05). Weakly expressed in corneal tissues, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were more moderately and strongly expressed in conjunctival tissues.There were significant differences in the number of differently graded ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression between normal conjunctival tissues, conjunctival papilloma, conjunctival nevus, conjunctival cyst and corneal tissues (ACE2: Z=-3.473, -4.183, -3.970, -3.873, all at P<0.01; TMPRSS2: Z=-4.119, -4.472, -4.443, -4.147, all at P<0.001). Conclusions:COVID-19 transmission-related receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in human conjunctival tissue, which provides organological evidence for ocular surface transmission of COVID-19.

COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Humans ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; SARS-CoV-2