A method for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from medical molecular sieve oxygen concentrators was developed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). The oxygen concentrator gas was sampled at a flow rate of 0.5 L/min through a branched sampling system onto Tenax GR/carbopack B adsorption tubes. The adsorbed compounds were desorbed and introduced using a programmed temperature vaporization inlet system, followed by chromatographic separation on an SH-I-624Sil MS column. Four VOCs (BHT-Q, PTBP, BHT-quinol, and EHB) were detected in the medical oxygen concentrator using this method. Calibration curves for these compounds exhibited excellent linearity ( R ²>0.99) within the range of 3~100 ng. With a sampling volume of 20 L, the detection limit of the four VOCs ranged from 0.003 9 to 0.022 2 μg/m ³. Spike recovery rates for the four VOCs were between 95% and 115%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 5% ( n=6). The method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate, making it suitable for VOCs detection in medical molecular sieve oxygen concentrators.
Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Oxygen

Cerebrovascular diseases, characterized by high incidence, disability, and mortality rates, have emerged as a leading global cause of death and long-term disability. Organoid technology, a three-dimensional in vitro culture system derived from stem cells or tissue cells, enables the simulation of organ development, physiological processes, and pathological mechanisms, demonstrating significant potential in cerebrovascular disease research and therapeutic development. This review summarizes recent advances in organoid applications for cerebrovascular diseases, with a focus on strategies for constructing vascularized cerebral organoids, including in vivo transplantation, in vitro culture systems, and bioengineering approaches. Studies reveal that these models not only recapitulate neurovascular unit interactions but also serve as powerful platforms for drug screening and mechanistic investigations, offering novel therapeutic strategies for cerebrovascular disorders. Current challenges include insufficient vascularization efficiency and limited integration capacity with host tissues. Future integration of gene editing, microfluidic chips, and high-throughput 3D bioprinting technologies is expected to enhance the functionality and clinical translatability of vascularized cerebral organoids, thereby advancing personalized medicine and precision healthcare.

To compare the therapeutic effects of short-term spinal cord stimulation (stSCS) and long-term spinal cord stimulation (ltSCS) on patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness(pDoC).

Objective To explore current status and potential subtypes of elderly stroke patients' medication literacy among,and to analyze related influencing factors of different subtypes.Methods A total of 285 elderly stroke patients admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from November 2023 to June 2024 were selected as subjects.General Information questionnaire,medication literacy scale for elderly patients with chronic diseases,and perceived social support scale were conducted.Latent profile analysis(LPA)of elderly stroke patients' medication literacy was conducted,and Logistic regression analysis was used to explore influencing factors of different profiles.Results Score of medication literacy scale for elderly stroke patients was(48.26±12.51)points.Medication literacy among elderly stroke patients can be divided into 3 profiles,namely proactive-high literacy type(51.9％),balanced-medium literacy type(34.0％),and dependent-low literacy type(14.1％).Logistic regression analysis showed that recent medication types,current place of residence,educational level,diabetes,and social support were the influencing factors of elderly stroke patients' medication literacy(P＜0.05).Conclusion The level of medication literacy among elderly stroke patients is medium,which is characterized by 3 categories.Medical staffs targeted intervention should be adopted according to different category characteristics,so as to accurately meet their nursing needs,finally improve the level of elderly stroke patients' medication literacy.

Objective This study aims to explore the layout and optimization of management disciplines in"Double First-Class"Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)universities,providing talent support and management guidance for the devel-opment of TCM.Methods Based on an overview of the development of management disciplines in TCM universities,six"Doub-le First-Class"TCM universities were selected as research subjects.Data were collected and compared using web retrieval and lit-erature research methods.Results Management disciplines in TCM universities still face challenges,such as weak foundational infrastructure and difficulties in interdisciplinary integration,insufficient faculty and suboptimal curriculum systems,and a single teaching model with a disconnect between theory and practice.Conclusion This paper proposes targeted suggestions and strate-gies for optimizing the layout of management disciplines in TCM universities,including strengthening support for management dis-ciplines and deepening TCM management characteristics,optimizing curriculum design and enhancing faculty resources,and in-novating teaching models to promote the deep integration of theory and practice.

Objective·To fabricate a 3D-printed dental crown and bridge resin slurry using digital light processing(DLP)technology,investigate the influence of different printing parameters on its mechanical properties,determine the optimal printing parameters,and optimize the composition ratio of DLP-printed crown and bridge resin.Methods·Based on the viscosity characteristics of the mixture,the optimal ratio of urethane dimethacrylate(UDMA)to poly(propylene glycol)dimethacrylate(PPGDMA)was explored.After silanizing silicon dioxide(SiO2),it was mixed with UDMA,PPGDMA,and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl bis(p-tolyl)phosphine oxide(TMO)to prepare DLP-printed dental crown and bridge resin slurries with different solid contents,and their rheological properties were tested.The Beer-Lambert equation was used to calculate the light penetration depth and critical exposure energy of the printing slurry.Based on these values,different exposure intensities,exposure times,post-curing times,and layer thicknesses were set respectively to carry out a series of printing experiments.By comparing and analyzing the flexural strength of the products under different printing parameters,the optimal printing parameter combination was screened out.Results·Viscosity tests showed that the optimal UDMA-to-PPGDMA ratio was 6∶4.The rheological behavior of printing slurries with different solid contents was tested,and the results showed that the DLP-printed dental crown and bridge resin with a solid content of 22%exhibited the best printing performance.According to the Beer-Lambert analysis,the light penetration depth Dp of the printing slurry was 119.79 μm,and the critical exposure energy Ec was 25.54 mJ/cm2.When the exposure intensity was 20 mW/cm2,the flexural strength reached a maximum of(132.39±8.92)MPa,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The flexural results of different exposure times showed that the flexural strength could reach(131.73±9.43)MPa when the single-layer exposure time was 3.0 s,and there was no significant difference when the exposure time was further increased.The flexural results of different post-curing times showed that when the post-curing time reached 30 min,there was no significant relationship between the flexural strength value and the increase in post-curing time.Regarding the influence of different layer thicknesses on the flexural performance,the test results showed that when the layer thickness was 50 μm,the result was the best,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion·Based on viscosity and rheological tests,a DLP-printable crown and bridge resin slurry was successfully developed.The optimal printing parameters were determined through statistical analysis of flexural strength:exposure intensity of 20 mW/cm2,exposure time of 3.0 s,post-curing time of 30 min,and a layer thickness of 50 μm.

Objective To evaluate the application of carbapenem antibiotics in conjunction with hemofil-tration for patients with septic shock and to analyze the impact on serum levels of lncRNA XIST and miRNA-130a.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients with septic shock treated at our hospital from August 2022 to January 2024.These patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group,each comprising 40 cases.The control group received carbapenem antibiotics,while the experimental group received carbapenem antibiotics in combination with hemofiltration.The clinical outcomes of both groups were evaluated,and comparisons were made regarding their hemodynamic indices[including cardiac output(CO),central venous pressure(CVP),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)],immune function indices[including interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)],oxygen metabolism indices[including blood oxygen saturation(SaO2),blood lactate(LAC),and oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2)],as well as serum levels of lncRNA XIST and miRNA-130a expression.Results Following treatment,the levels of CO,CVP,MAP,SaO2,PaO2/FiO2,and miRNA-130a were significantly increased,whereas the levels of IL-6,CRP,TNF-α,LAC,and lncRNA XIST were significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment levels(all P<0.05).In comparison with the control group,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher levels of CO,CVP,MAP,and miRNA-130a,as well as significantly lower levels of IL-6,CRP,TNF-α,and lncRNA XIST(all P<0.05).The overall effective rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ2=4.501,P<0.05),while no significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(χ2=0.180,P>0.05).Conclusion Carbapenem antibiotics and hemofiltration therapy can alleviate the symptoms of septic shock patients by downregulating lncRNA XIST expression,upregulating miRNA-130a expression,modulating inflammatory factors,enhancing oxygen metabolism indices,and maintaining hemodynamic stability.

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). In recent years, research on anal CA has primarily focused on treatment rather than underlying mechanisms. The mechanism of HPV persistence and recurrence in CA require further exploration. It needs multiple researches in mechanisms to focalize treatment targets. Objective: To investigate the relationship between intestinal mucosal immunity and the relapse of anal CA and persistent infection. Methods: Levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay in anal mucosal cells obtained from patients treated at Tianjin Union Medical Center from September 2022 to December 2024. All the participants signed Informed Consent and the whole plan was approved by Institutional Review Board in Tianjin Union Medical Center (No. B155). Results: The levels of IFN-γ and sIgA significantly decreased after infection, and persistent infection exhibited even lower levels. These two factors increased following treatment, reaching peak concentrations at 4 weeks before decreasing again. Conclusion These findings demonstrate a significant association between persistent anal CA infection and dysregulation of intestinal mucosal immunity.

In recent years,organoid technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in central nervous system(CNS)tumor research.By recapitulating the 3D architecture,molecular profiles,and dynamic interactions of tumors with their microenvironment,it provides an innovative platform for elucidating disease mechanisms and facilitating drug screening.Brain organoids are primarily utilized to model normal neurodevelopmental processes and investigate CNS disease pathogenesis,whereas CNS tumor organoids are chiefly employed to simulate tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic responses.This review delineates the methodologies for establishing brain organoids and CNS tumor organoid models,along with their applications in CNS oncology research,with parti-cular emphasis on the technical features and advantages of pluripotent stem cell-derived,patient-derived,and xenograft-derived organoid models.Furthermore,it examines current challenges in model standardization,mi-croenvironment recapitulation,and ethical considerations pertaining to human tissue sources.Future directions for advancing this technology are also discussed.

Objective:To explore the dual mediating effects of health belief and depression among health knowledge, social support, and health behaviors based on the capacity, opportunity, motivation-behavior (COM-B) model, and analyze the influencing factors of health behaviors in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:This multi-center cluster sampling research recruited ischemic stroke patients ( n=1 696) who were hospitalized in neurology departments of five tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from October 2023 to October 2024. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the general information questionnaire, social support rating scale (SSRS), stroke prevention knowledge questionnaire(SPKQ), short form health belief model scale(SF-HBMS), health promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ), and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) to ultimately reveal the pathways and effect sizes among variables. Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationships among social support, health knowledge, health belief, health behaviors, and depression in stroke patients by SPSS 26.0 software. Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS 28.0 software, and the mediating effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Results:The scores of social support, health knowledge, health belief, and health behaviors among ischemic stroke patients were (37.46±9.94), (26.56±6.84), (75.62±12.62) and (130.79±26.27), respectively. The score of depression was 5.00 (2.00, 8.00). Health behaviors were positively correlated with health knowledge, social support, and health belief( r=0.333, 0.246, 0.267, all P<0.05), while negatively correlated with depression ( r=-0.146, P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that health knowledge, social support, health belief, and depression were all influencing factors of health behaviors in ischemic stroke patients (all P<0.05). Health belief (effect value=0.068, 95% CI=0.048-0.093) and depression (effect value=0.009, 95% CI=0.003-0.018) both played partial mediating roles between health knowledge and health behaviors, accounting for 17.3%(0.077/0.446) of the total effect. Meanwhile, health belief (effect value=0.045, 95% CI=0.029-0.063) and depression (effect value=0.016, 95% CI=0.008-0.027) both played partial mediating roles between social support and health behaviors, accounting for 26.5%(0.061/0.230) of the total effect. Conclusion:Health knowledge and social support can not only directly influence health behaviors but also indirectly affect them through health belief and depression in patients with ischemic stroke.