ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Solanum nigrum on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄） in rats. MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly allocated into blank， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.9， 1.8， 3.6 g·kg^-1， respectively） S. nigrum， and silibinin capsules （18.9 mg·kg^-1） groups. Except the blank group， the other groups were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl₄ solution for the modeling of hepatic fibrosis. After 4 weeks of gavage， blood was collected from the abdominal aorta following intraperitoneal anesthesia. The rats were sacrificed， and the liver was separated. The pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and liver fibrosis indexes ［type Ⅲ procollagen （PCⅢ）， type Ⅳ collagen （Col Ⅳ）， laminin （LN）， and hyaluronic acid （HA）］ in the rat serum were determined. The mRNA and protein levels of B cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）/Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 （Caspase-3） pathway-related factors were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significant hepatocyte edema， infiltration of inflammatory cells， connective tissue proliferation， and collagen fiber deposition in the liver tissue. Compared with the model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose S. nigrum and silymarin capsules significantly improved the structure of liver cells and alleviated the edema， inflammatory cell infiltration， connective tissue proliferation， and collagen fiber deposition. Compared with those in the blank group， the serum levels of ALT， AST， PCⅢ， Col Ⅳ， LN， and HA were elevated in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the serum levels of ALT， AST， PCⅢ， Col Ⅳ， LN， and HA were reduced in all the treatment groups （P<0.05）. Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all the treatment groups showed down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Bax and Caspase-3 （P<0.05）， with the high-dose S. nigrum group showing the best therapeutic effect. ConclusionS. nigrum modulates the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats by regulating apoptosis through the Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 pathway.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of posterior quadratus lumborum block(PQLB)in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 62 gynecological patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy from July 2021 to July 2024.The patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative blocking method:the PQLB group and the transversus abdominis plane block(TAP)group,with 31 patients in each group.In the PQLB group,bilateral PQLB was performed under ultrasound guidance with 20 ml of 0.35％ropivacaine on each side.In the TAP group,bilateral transversus abdominis plane blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance with 20 ml of 0.4％or 0.5％ropivacaine on each side.The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before anesthesia(T0),at the time of the block(T1),at skin incision(T2),and during the recovery period(T3).The local anesthetic toxicity,nerve injury,intraoperative opioid consumption,postoperative remedial analgesic usage and dosage,as well as the incidence of nausea and vomiting,were monitored.Results The operations were successfully completed in all the 62 patients.No significant differences were observed between the two groups in mean arterial pressure(F=0.323,P=0.572)and heart rate(F=0.195,P=0.660)at 4 different time points.There were no significant differences in the dosage of anesthetic analgesics during surgery(Z=-0.458,P=0.647)and length of hospital stay(Z=-1.652,P=0.099)between the two groups.The postoperative remedial analgesic usage rate in the PQLB group was significantly lower than that in the TAP group(32.3％vs.74.2％,x2=10.949,P=0.000).Within 48 h after operation,the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)dosage in the PQLB group was significantly lower than that in the TAP group[0(0,0)mg vs.400(0,1600)mg,Z=-4.849,P=0.000],and no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the use of opioid(tramadol)dosage(Z=-0.045,P=0.964).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(P＞0.05).The scores of numeric rating scale for abdomial wall pain and visceral pain in the PQLB group at 12 and 24 h after surgery did not exceed 3 points.No local anesthetic toxicity or nerve injury was observed.Conclusion PQLB provides effective analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy,offering better control of visceral pain,helping reduce intraoperative opioid consumption,and lowering the risk of postoperative adverse reactions.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of posterior quadratus lumborum block(PQLB)in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 62 gynecological patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy from July 2021 to July 2024.The patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative blocking method:the PQLB group and the transversus abdominis plane block(TAP)group,with 31 patients in each group.In the PQLB group,bilateral PQLB was performed under ultrasound guidance with 20 ml of 0.35％ropivacaine on each side.In the TAP group,bilateral transversus abdominis plane blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance with 20 ml of 0.4％or 0.5％ropivacaine on each side.The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before anesthesia(T0),at the time of the block(T1),at skin incision(T2),and during the recovery period(T3).The local anesthetic toxicity,nerve injury,intraoperative opioid consumption,postoperative remedial analgesic usage and dosage,as well as the incidence of nausea and vomiting,were monitored.Results The operations were successfully completed in all the 62 patients.No significant differences were observed between the two groups in mean arterial pressure(F=0.323,P=0.572)and heart rate(F=0.195,P=0.660)at 4 different time points.There were no significant differences in the dosage of anesthetic analgesics during surgery(Z=-0.458,P=0.647)and length of hospital stay(Z=-1.652,P=0.099)between the two groups.The postoperative remedial analgesic usage rate in the PQLB group was significantly lower than that in the TAP group(32.3％vs.74.2％,x2=10.949,P=0.000).Within 48 h after operation,the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)dosage in the PQLB group was significantly lower than that in the TAP group[0(0,0)mg vs.400(0,1600)mg,Z=-4.849,P=0.000],and no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the use of opioid(tramadol)dosage(Z=-0.045,P=0.964).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting(P＞0.05).The scores of numeric rating scale for abdomial wall pain and visceral pain in the PQLB group at 12 and 24 h after surgery did not exceed 3 points.No local anesthetic toxicity or nerve injury was observed.Conclusion PQLB provides effective analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy,offering better control of visceral pain,helping reduce intraoperative opioid consumption,and lowering the risk of postoperative adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of Miao medicine Euphorbia humifusa on hepatic fibrosis(HF)model rats.METHODS Thirty-eight rats were randomly assigned according to a random number table into control group(normal saline,n=7),model group(normal saline,n=7),E.humifusa low-,medium-and high-dose groups(0.675,1.35,2.70 g/kg,n=6),and silybin group(positive control,18.9 mg/kg,n=6).All groups except the control group were subjected to HF induction via intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride.After modeling,rats were administered their respective drugs/normal saline by gavage,once a day,for 30 days.At the last medication,the liver index was calculated,and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-17(IL-17),IL-1β,IL-6,alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),and hydroxyproline(HYP)were measured.Liver morphology and HF changes were observed.Levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),as well as the expressions of α-SMA,proteins related to TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway,mRNA expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB p65 in liver tissue were determined.RESULTS Compared with model group,liver index,serum levels of TNF-α,IL-17,IL-1β,IL-6,ALT,AST and HYP,relative expression of NF-κB p65 mRNA,and the levels of TNF-α and α-SMA proteins and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in liver tissues of rats from administration groups,the expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in liver tissue of rats from E.humifusa medium-dose and high-dose groups,as well as positive staining percentage and mRNA expression of TNF-α in liver tissue of rats from E.humifusa high-dose group were all decreased significantly(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);IκBα protein expression from administration groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Pathological changes and the degree of HF in the liver tissues of rats from administration groups were ameliorated to various extents.CONCLUSIONS E.humifusa may alleviate HF in rats by inhibiting the activation of the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of biopsy forceps polypectomy with submucosal injection for diminutive colorectal polyps.Methods:The patients with diminutive colorectal polyps (long diameter≤5 mm in size) who received polypectomy in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from May 2021 to May 2022 were prospectively recruited and divided into the observation group (biopsy forceps polypectomy with submucosal injection) and the control group (traditional biopsy forceps polypectomy). The location, morphology, long diameter, the complete polypectomy rate under direct vision, the time of resection and endoscopy withdrawal, pathological results, specimen collection rate, the incidence of complications and endoscopic treatment cost were analyzed. The clinical efficacy of the two methods were compared.Results:A total of 292 patients were included in the study, with 146 in the observation group and 146 in the control group. There were 258 polyps in the observation group and 252 polyps in the control group. The complete polypectomy rate was higher in the observation group than that in the control group [100.0% (258/258) VS 90.1% (227/252), χ2=26.915, P=0.001] with clear vision. The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (1/146 VS 13/146, χ2=10.804, P=0.001) , along with the lower treatment cost (173.7±15.9 yuan VS 184.0±53.8 yuan, Z=-2.777, P=0.005). The resection time in the observation group was longer than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant [10 (9,11) min VS 9 (9,11) min, Z=-0.528, P=0.597]. There was no significant difference in the polyp position, long diameter, morphology, pathological classification, or the specimen collection rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Biopsy forceps polypectomy with submucosal injection is safe for diminutive colorectal polyps, and it demonstrates a higher complete polypectomy rate, lower complication rates, and reduced treatment costs compared with traditional biopsy forceps polypectomy. It is a new perspective for managing diminutive colorectal polyps.

Objective To explore the causal association between gut microbes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by Mendelian randomisation analysis.Methods Genetic instrumental variables for gut microbiota were identified from a gene-wide association study of 18 340 participants,and summary statistics for NAFLD were ob-tained from the FinnGen database,which provided data on 894 NAFLD cases and 217 898 controls using the IVW method as the primary analysis.In order to test the robustness of the results,MR-Egger method,WM method,Simple Mode method,Weighted Mode method were used for Mendelian randomisation analysis,and heterogeneity test,sensitivity analysis,and multiplicity analysis were performed.Results class Gammaproteobacteria IVW re-sults showed(OR=0.621,95％CI=0.412～0.934,P=0.022);family Enterobacteriaceae IVW results showed(OR=1.481,95％CI=1.069～2.053,P=0.018);genus Lachnospiraceae IVW results showed(OR=1.405,95％CI=1.036～1.904,P=0.029);genus Prevotella7 IVW results showed(OR=0.834,95％CI=0.714～0.974,P=0.021);genus Prevotella9 IVW results showed(OR=1.251,95％CI=1.025～1.527,P=0.027);order Desulfovibrionales IVW results showed(OR=0.714,95％CI=0.519～0.982,P=0.038);or-der Enterobacteriales IVW results showed(OR=1.481,95％CI=1.069～2.053,P=0.018).And there was no heterogeneity in the heterogeneity test,and the sensitivity analyses all showed robustness and no pleiotropy was found.Conclusion This study implicates class Gammaproteobacteria,family Enterobacteriaceae,genus Lachno-spiraceae,genus Prevotella7,genus Prevotella9,order Desulfovibrionales,order Enterobacteriales seven species of gut microorganisms have a causal relationship with NAFLD.

Objective To investigate the identification of octreotide(OCT)modified chitosan(CS)miR-155 molecular beacon nanoparticles(CS-miR-155-MB-OCT)and imaging of lung cancer cells for the early screening of lung cancer.Methods A nude mouse model of lung transplantation tumor was established by injecting A549 lung cancer cells into tail veins to establish lung xenograft models.Cre adenovirus was injected through nasal cavity,and mice were killed at 4,6,8 and 12 weeks after adenovirus injection to establish lung cancer models of atypical hyperplasia,adenoma,carcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma of lung in LSL K-ras G12D transgenic mice at different pathological stages.Lung tissue samples were taken and observed by HE staining.Immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect miR-155 expression levels in lung xenograft models and transgenic mice at different stages of lung cancer.Then CS-miR-155-MB and CS-miR-155-MB-OCT were injected via tail vein in lung xenograft models.CS-miR-155-MB-OCT was injected via tail vein in transgenic mice models.The fluorescence signals of lung in nude mice and transgenic mice at different disease stages were imaged by living imaging system.Frozen slices of lung tissue were made.The source of fluorescence signal was detected by laser confocal scanning microscope(CLSM).Results HE staining showed that lung transplantation tumor models and lung cancer models of atypical hyperplasia,adenoma,carcinoma in situ and lung adenocarcinoma at different pathological stages were successfully constructed.Immunohistochemical analysis showed somatostatin receptor 2(SSTR2)was expressed in transplanted lung tumor and tissue at different pathological stages.In transgenic mouse models,the expression of miR-155 was gradually increased as the disease progressed(P＜0.05).In lung xenograft models,the fluorescence signals were significantly higher in the CS-miR-155-MB-OCT group than those of the CS-miR-155-MB group(P＜0.05).In transgenic mouse models,the fluorescence signals gradually increased with the gradual progression of lesions(P＜0.05).After re-imaging the lung tissue,it was found that the fluorescence signal came from lung,and CLSM showed that the fluorescence signal came from cancer cells and some normal alveolar epithelial cells.Conclusion CS-miR-155-MB-OCT can dynamically reflect the occurrence and development of lung cancer according to changes of different fluorescence intensity,thus providing a new technology for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective To construct the etoposide (VP-16)combined with cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy scheme (EP chemotherapy scheme)resistant small cell lung cancer (SCLC)cell line H446/EP and to identify the drug resistance characteristics and explore the mechanism.Methods NCI-H446 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of VP-16 and DDP to construct an H446/EP cell line.H446/EP and NCI-H446 cells were used as the research objects.The cell viability was detected by MTT assay,and the resistance index (RI)of H446/EP cells was calculated.Cell cloning assay and Incucyte cell proliferation (label-free)assay were used to detect cell proliferation ability.Transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)in the 2 cell lines.Western blotting was applied to detect the protein expression levels of drug resistance,DNA damage repair (DDR),and autophagy markers.Results MTT assay showed that the resistance index (RI)of H446/EP cells to VP-16,DDP,and DOX were 6.14,3.43,and 1.96,respectively.The results of cell cloning assay and Incucyte cell proliferation assay indicated that the proliferation ability was significantly higher in the H446/EP cells than the NCI-H446 cells (P<0.01).Transcriptome sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis displayed that the DEGs between H446/EP and NCI-H446 cells were enriched in tumor chemoresistance,DDR,and autophagy pathways.Western blot results showed the expression levels of MRP1,BCRP,RAD51,γ-H2AX,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly increased,and that of p62 was obviously decreased in the H446/EP cells when compared with the NCI-H446 cells (P<0.05).Conclusion An EP chemotherapy-resistant H446/EP cell line is successfully constructed.Stronger proliferation ability,increased expression of efflux transporters,and enhanced DDR and autophagy may be the mechanisms of the resistance of SCLC to EP chemotherapy scheme.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of biopsy forceps polypectomy with submucosal injection for diminutive colorectal polyps.Methods:The patients with diminutive colorectal polyps (long diameter≤5 mm in size) who received polypectomy in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from May 2021 to May 2022 were prospectively recruited and divided into the observation group (biopsy forceps polypectomy with submucosal injection) and the control group (traditional biopsy forceps polypectomy). The location, morphology, long diameter, the complete polypectomy rate under direct vision, the time of resection and endoscopy withdrawal, pathological results, specimen collection rate, the incidence of complications and endoscopic treatment cost were analyzed. The clinical efficacy of the two methods were compared.Results:A total of 292 patients were included in the study, with 146 in the observation group and 146 in the control group. There were 258 polyps in the observation group and 252 polyps in the control group. The complete polypectomy rate was higher in the observation group than that in the control group [100.0% (258/258) VS 90.1% (227/252), χ2=26.915, P=0.001] with clear vision. The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (1/146 VS 13/146, χ2=10.804, P=0.001) , along with the lower treatment cost (173.7±15.9 yuan VS 184.0±53.8 yuan, Z=-2.777, P=0.005). The resection time in the observation group was longer than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant [10 (9,11) min VS 9 (9,11) min, Z=-0.528, P=0.597]. There was no significant difference in the polyp position, long diameter, morphology, pathological classification, or the specimen collection rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Biopsy forceps polypectomy with submucosal injection is safe for diminutive colorectal polyps, and it demonstrates a higher complete polypectomy rate, lower complication rates, and reduced treatment costs compared with traditional biopsy forceps polypectomy. It is a new perspective for managing diminutive colorectal polyps.

Abstract: Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacy of the upgraded version of the GeneXpert automated fluorescent quantitative PCR system (GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra, GeneXpert Ultra) and the original version of the GeneXpert system (GeneXpert MTB/RIF, Xpert), real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid detection (FQ-PCR), real-time fluorescent thermostatic amplification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA (SAT-RNA), real-time fluorescent thermostatic amplification detection of DNA (thermostatic amplification method) and traditional BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid culture (culture method) for special specimens of tuberculosis, in order to analyze its application value in clinical detection. Methods Using prospective research methods, a total of 170 special specimens (including 47 pleural and ascites effusion samples, and 34 24-hour urinary sediment specimens, 49 tissue specimens and 40 fester specimens) were collected i'an Chest Hospital from January to September 2021. GeneXpert Ultra, Xpert, FQ-PCR, SAT-RNA, isothermal amplification, and traditional culture were used for detection. Clinical diagnosis was used as the standard, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, coincidence rate, and Kappa value were compared among the methods. Results The sensitivities of GeneXpert Ultra, Xpert, FQ-PCR, SAT-RNA, isothermal amplification, and traditional culture were 65.18% (73/112), 49.11% (55/112), 37.50% (42/112), 19.64% (22/112), 8.04% (9/112), and 22.32% (25/112), respectively. The sensitivity of GeneXpert Ultra was higher than that of the other five methods, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=66.25, 42.10, 28.89, 13.09, 4.92, 15.18, all P<0.05). GeneXpert Ultra result analysis showed that: 5.48%(4/73) cases had trace, that is, trace Mycobacterium tuberculosis load, 79.45% (58/73) cases were extremely low, 10.96% (8/73) cases were low, 2.74% (2/73) were medium, , and 1.36% (1/73) were high load. In 4 trace samples, the Xpert detection was negative for all. Of the 73 GeneXpert Ultra positive reports, 63 were rifampicin-sensitive, 6 were rifampicin-resistant, and 4 were rifampicin-resistant but of unclear resistance. Of the 55 Xpert positive reports, 45 were rifampicin-sensitive, 2 were rifampicin-resistant, and 8 were rifampicinresistant but of unclear resistance.. Conclusions The new generation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra has high sensitivity, specificity and drug resistance detection rate, and its advantage is even more apparent in the pathogenic diagnosis of special specimens of tuberculosis. It can be used as one of the preferred methods in samples with low bacterial load.