Objective:To retrospectively analyze the treatment status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China.Methods:Data of chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2022 from 77 centers, ≥18 years old, and receiving initial imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib or flumatinib-therapy within 6 months after diagnosis in China with complete data were retrospectively interrogated. The choice of initial TKI, current TKI medications, treatment switch and reasons, treatment responses and outcomes as well as the variables associated with them were analyzed.Results:6 893 patients in CP ( n=6 453, 93.6%) or AP ( n=440, 6.4%) receiving initial imatinib ( n=4 906, 71.2%), nilotinib ( n=1 157, 16.8%), dasatinib ( n=298, 4.3%) or flumatinib ( n=532, 7.2%) -therapy. With the median follow-up of 43 ( IQR 22-75) months, 1 581 (22.9%) patients switched TKI due to resistance ( n=1 055, 15.3%), intolerance ( n=248, 3.6%), pursuit of better efficacy ( n=168, 2.4%), economic or other reasons ( n=110, 1.6%). The frequency of switching TKI in AP patients was significantly-higher than that in CP patients (44.1% vs 21.5%, P<0.001), and more AP patients switched TKI due to resistance than CP patients (75.3% vs 66.1%, P=0.011). Multi-variable analyses showed that male, lower HGB concentration and ELTS intermediate/high-risk cohort were associated with lower cytogenetic and molecular responses rate and poor outcomes in CP patients; higher WBC count and initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher response rates; Ph + ACA at diagnosis, poor PFS. However, Sokal intermediate/high-risk cohort was only significantly-associated with lower CCyR and MMR rates and the poor PFS. Lower HGB concentration and larger spleen size were significantly-associated with the lower cytogenetic and molecular response rates in AP patients; initial the second-generation TKI treatment, the higher treatment response rates; lower PLT count, higher blasts and Ph + ACA, poorer TFS; Ph + ACA, poorer OS. Conclusion:At present, the vast majority of newly-diagnosed CML-CP or AP patients could benefit from TKI treatment in the long term with the good treatment responses and survival outcomes.

Objective To investigate the intervention effects and mechanism of icariin on prostate cancer based on network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods The targets of icariin were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction database.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed with the String database,and core targets were screened using Cytoscape 3.9.1.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on core targets were conducted with the Metascape database to predict the mechanism of action.A PC-3 tumor-bearing mouse model of prostate cancer was established to observe the inhibitory effects of icariin alone and in combination with paclitaxel on tumor growth.Results Network pharmacology predictions suggested that icariin has potential therapeutic effects on prostate cancer,with core targets potentially including serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1(HSP90AB1),nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1(NF-κB1),tumor protein p53,etc.Animal experiments found that compared with the model control group,the tumor volume growth in the icariin group and the paclitaxel group was significantly inhibited,and the serum tumor necrosis factor content was significantly reduced,while testosterone levels did not change significantly.Both groups significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of Notch1,Jagged1 and Hes1(P<0.05),with the combined treatment group showing a more significant inhibitory effect.Conclusions Both network pharmacology and animal experimental results confirmed that icariin has a significant inhibitory effect on prostate cancer.One of the mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects may be the significant inhibition of the activated Notch signaling pathway in tumors.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a type of disease characterized by specific types of neuronal loss and progressive progression,mainly represented by Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.This type of disease,due to its intractable and irreversible symptoms,brings great physical and psychological burden to patients,which is seriously disturbing their normal life.In terms of treatment,there is currently no specific treatment for Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice,and first-line treatment drugs for Parkinson's disease also have great limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,kidney governs bone,generates marrow,and connects to the brain.In clinical evidence typing,premature aging,fatigue and forgetfulness,and tremor of limbs caused by kidney deficiency and medullary reduction are considered to be the main pathologies of these diseases.Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction which is derived from the"General Records of Holy Universal Relief",is recorded as a good formula for nourishing kidney yin and filling kidney yang.Clinical data shows that this formula has significant therapeutic effects in treating neurodegenerative diseases caused by kidney essence deficiency.Modern research results indicate that its mechanism of action involves inhibiting inflammatory reactions,regulating mitochondrial autophagy,reversing The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities,and neuroprotection.The main effective ingredients in this formula include loganin,echinarin,and schisandrin A.This article aims to summarize and analyze the clinical efficacy,mechanism of action,and active ingredients of Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease in recent years,in order to clarify the research status of Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction in the neurodegenerative disease and provide reference for further research.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ameliorative effect of Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid on sciatic neuronal apoptosis in Type 2 diabetic model mice.METHODS The Type 2 diabetes mouse model was established by feeding with high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The mice were treated with metformin(200 mg·kg-1·d-1),low dose(3.9 g·kg-1·d-1)and high dose(7.8 g·kg-1·d-1)Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid for 35 days.The latency of response to thermal stimu-lation was detected by hot plate,and the values of blood glucose insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined.Biochemical kits were used to detect the expression of serum total cholesterol(T-CHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and oxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA).The expression of tumor cytokine α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-10 in serum of mice were detected by ELISA method;the injury of sciatic nerve of model mice was detected by HE staining;the apoptosis of sciatic nerve was detected by TUNEL method;and the expression of neurofilament protein NF-L,apoptosis(cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3)and oxidative stress(Nrf2,HO-1)signal pathway proteins in sciatic nerve of model mice were detected by Western blot method.RESULTS High-dose Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid shortened the latent period of heat pain response in model mice(P<0.01);downregulated fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin(P<0.01),and upregulated fasting plasma insulin in model mice(P<0.01);downregulated serum T-CHO,TG,and LDL-C levels(P<0.01),upregulated HDL-C levels(P<0.01);downregulated serum pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels(P<0.05),upregulated the anti-inflammatory cyto-kine IL-10 level(P<0.01);inhibited sciatic nerve structural damage and apoptosis(P<0.05);downregulated the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3 to Caspase-3 in the apoptosis pathway(P<0.01);upregulated the expression of neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-H in sciatic nerve tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01);and upregulated the expression of antioxidant stress proteins Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Juanbi Tongluo Oral Liquid can improve sciatic neuronal apoptosis of Type 2 diabetic mice,which may be related to its effect on improving oxidative stress and inflammatory stress.

Objective To prepare rat models of liver stagnation syndrome constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-C)using single and multi-factor modeling method with different indicators,to provide ideal experimental animal models of IBS-C.Methods Forty-two SD rats were divided randomly into blank(Normal),cold-water gavage(Cold),restraint(Restrain),tail-clamping(Tail),cold-water gavage + restraint(C + R),and cold-water gavage + tail-clamping groups(C + T).Body weight,food intake,water intake,and survival status,as well as open-field behavior,fecal Bristol score,visceral sensitivity,and small intestine propulsion were observed in each group during the modeling period.Pathological changes in the rat colon were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and the serum and colon contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The body weight in each group decreased after modeling(P<0.05,P<0.01),the food and water intakes decreased,and serum 5-HT levels increased.The number of fecal particles and Bristol score decreased while the colon 5-HT content increased in the Cold group(P<0.05,P<0.01);the total distance and average speed of the restraint group in the open field decreased(P<0.01);the preference for sugar water in the Tail group decreased(P<0.01);the preference for sugar water,total open-field distance,small intestine propulsion rate,defecation particles,and Bristol score all decreased,while the colon 5-HT content increased and the VIP content decreased in the C + T group(P<0.05,P<0.01);and the total distance,average speed,and VIP content in the colon decreased in the C + R group(P<0.05).Except for the Tail group,all the model groups showed visceral hypersensitivity(P<0.05,P<0.01)compared to the blank group at various pressure values on days 7 and 14 of modeling.Pathological observations showed no significant inflammatory cell infiltration or pathological changes in any of the model groups.Conclusions The combination of ice-water gastric lavage and tail clamping can be used to establish a rat model of liver depression syndrome in IBS-C.This may be the best of the five tested method,and the resulting model may lay the foundation for further systematic and in-depth research into the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating IBS-C.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of abdominal compression in tumor motion and the target volume, and analyze the suitable margins of planning target volume (PTV) for patients treated with lung-SBRT based on 4DCT.Methods:Patients diagnosed with peripheral pulmonary tumor were enrolled. The patients were divided into the whole group, upper-middle-lobe group (group A) and the lower-lobe group (group B). Each patient underwent 3DCT, 4DCT with abdominal compression (4DCT com) and 4DCT with free breath (4DCT free) scans. The GTVs were delineated and IGTVs on these images. PTV MIP 5 mm, PTV MIP 4 mm, PTV MIP 3 mm were constructed with a 5, 4, 3 mm margin in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP) directions and cranial-caudal (CC) directions. Results:The median motion vector with compression reduced by 30.92% in whole group, increased by 3.42% in group A and reduced by 18.80% in group B, respectively. And there were no significant differences of TMA LR, TMA AP, TMA CC and motion vector by the Wilcoxon test ( P>0.05). The median sizes of IGTV MIP com , IGTV MIP free and IGTV10 com, IGTV10 free were 4.01, 5.36 cm 3and 6.59, 7.65 cm 3, with statistically significant difference ( Z=-3.45, -3.14, P<0.01). The median ratio of DI of IGTV CBCT com in PTV MIP 5 mm, PTV MIP 4 mm and PTV MIP 3 mm≥95% was 100%, 100% and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusions:The patients′ respiratory pattern changed with abdominal compression and abdominal compression is useful in reducing the size of IGTV MIP and IGTV10, which could reduce the target volume and protect the normal tissue. Adding a 4 mm margin to IGTV MIP com based on 4DCT account for respiration in SBRT is a tendency for precise radiotherapy.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of the machine learning models based on radiomics in the diagnosis of pituitary prolactin macroadenoma.Methods:Totally 122 histologically proven pituitary macroadenoma patients, including 70 cases of pituitary prolactin macroadenoma (PPM) and 52 cases of non-pituitary prolactin macroadenoma (NPPM), were retrospectively recruited. The differences of age, sex, serum prolactin value, bleeding, cystic degeneration and Knosp classification were compared between PPM and NPPM. The pre-processing, delineation of the region of interest and feature extraction of the preoperative axial contrast-enhanced T 1WI image were performed in the 3Dslicer software. The optimal feature set were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. All patients were randomly divided into the training group ( n=85) and the test group ( n=37) at a ratio of 7∶3. The models were established in the training group by logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM), and then verified by the test group. ROC curves were drawn respectively, and specificity, sensitivity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated. Results:The age [(38±12) years vs . (43±11) years], gender ratio (male/female 50 cases/20 cases vs . 14 cases/38 cases) and prolactin value [366.00 (117.75, 1 156.25)μg/L vs . 47.25 (32.68, 62.40) μg/L] of patients with PPM and NPPM were statistically different ( P<0.05). The AUC values of logistic regression and SVM in the training group were 0.936 and 0.946, and the AUC values of the test group were 0.768 and 0.774, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of logistic regression and SVM in the training group were 88.2% and 91.8%, and the accuracy of the test group were 73.0% and 77.8%. Conclusion:The machine learning models based on the radiomics can predict the pituitary prolactin macroadenoma well with a high accuracy.

Objective:To investigate clinicians' compliance with the 2018 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) update "1-hour sepsis Bundle therapy" (1-hour Bundle) when treating patients with Sepsis 3 in the intensive care unit (ICU), and to analyze its impact on patient outcomes.Methods:A multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was conducted. A total of 153 ICU patients in Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang People's Hospital and Yanjiang District People's Hospital who were diagnosed of sepsis by the definition and diagnostic criteria of Sepsis 3 from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected. Among them, 95 patients who had completed 1-hour Bundle were divided into the Bundle compliance group. 58 patients who did not complete the Bundle within 1 hours were classified as the Bundle non-compliance group. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and infected sites, 1-hour Bundle compliance and 28-day survival in the 3 hospitals were analyzed. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognostic between the two groups of sepsis patients. Cox regression model was used to draw a 28-day survival curve to evaluate the survival of the patients in the two groups.Results:Among 153 sepsis patients in 3 hospitals, the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 61.44% (94/153), and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 79.79% (75/94). The top 3 infection sites were respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and urinary system, accounted for 32.0%, 28.1% and 18.3%, respectively. In the 3 hospitals, 62.09% (95/153) of patients fully implemented the 1-hour Bundle. The poorly implemented indicators in the 1-hour Bundle were 1-hour blood microbial culture [77.78% (119/153)] and 1-hour antimicrobial application [79.74% (122/153)]. There was no significant difference in the baseline indicators between Bundle compliance and non-compliance groups. Univariate analysis showed that the main prognostic indicators: 28-day survival rate in the Bundle compliance group was significantly higher than that in the Bundle non-compliance group [80.00% (76/95) vs. 62.06% (36/58), χ2= 6.447, P = 0.014]. Secondary evaluation indicators: mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 6 hours and 24 hours in the Bundle compliance group were significantly higher than those in the Bundle non-compliance group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 78.22±11.25 vs. 69.86±14.04, 79.78±11.45 vs. 75.35±12.90]. However, the median length of in hospital stay in the Bundle compliance group was significantly longer than that in the Bundle non-compliance group [days: 13 (17) vs. 6 (11)], with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Bivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that 6 hours and 24 hours MAP were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with sepsis [odds ratio ( OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.064 (0.994-1.102), 1.032 (1.003-1.063), both P < 0.05]. Conclusions:The 1-hour Bundle compliance rate of ICU patients with sepsis in 3 hospitals of Ziyang City was 62.09%, and the compliance is still to be improved, especially for the 2 aspects of empirical antimicrobial use and microbial culture retention before antimicrobial use. The 28-day survival rate in the Bundle compliance group was significantly higher than that in the Bundle non-compliance group, suggesting that the 1-hour Bundle regimen can improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.

Objective:To explore the effects of orienting three-dimensional porous network (type A) and honeycomb briquette-shaped vertically penetrating three-dimensional porous network (type B) on the vascularization rate of artificial dermis.Methods:The experimental research method was used. The artificial dermis was composed of a double layer of silicone layer and scaffold layer. Based on the difference of scaffold layer, they were divided into type A and type B artificial dermis (type A dermis and type B dermis, for short) containing type A and type B structure, respectively. The type A and type B structures were prepared by gradient freeze-drying technique and physical pore-making technique, respectively. The micro-morphology of two kinds of dermis scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The porosity of two kinds of dermis scaffold was measured by the Pyrex method. According to the method of national medical industry standard, the hydroxyproline content in degradation liquids and their residues in two kind of dermis were determined after degradation at 4, 8, 13, and 24 h, reflecting the degradation rates of two kinds of dermis. According to the random number table, L929 cells were divided into type A dermis group, type B dermis group, negative control group, and positive control group. The positive control group was added with minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, The negative control group was added with high-density polyethylene extract, and the other two groups were added with the corresponding extract. At 24 hours after culture, the growth rate of L929 cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, and the cytotoxicity was graded. L929 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were inoculated into pore plates with two kinds of dermis preinstalled. On 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after inoculating, the adhesion and growth of L929 cells on the surfaces of the two kinds of scaffolds were detected by immunofluorescence method. On 7 d after inoculating, the migration of the above two kinds of cells into the two kinds of dermal scaffolds was detected by immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Three full-thickness skin defect wounds of 5.0 cm×5.0 cm were created on both sides of the back of three 6-month-old healthy male Ba-Ma mini pigs. According to the random number table, six columns of wounds were divided into type A dermis two-step method group, type B dermis two-step method group, and type B dermis one-step method group. The wounds in type A dermis two-step method group and type B dermis two-step method group were transplanted with type A or type B dermis respectively before, and with autologous split-thickness skin grafting later. The wounds in type B dermis one-step method group were transplanted in a synchronous procedure including type B dermis (without silicone layer) and autologous skin grafting simultaneously. The bleeding, exudation, and infection of the wounds on the back in type A dermis two-step method group and type B dermis two-step method group on the 7th day after the second transplantation and in type B dermis one-step method group on the 14th day after the first transplantation were generally observed. The area of autologous skin graft was measured by the transparent film grid method, and the survival rate of autologous skin was calculated. On 4, 7, and 14 d after the first transplantation, the inflammatory cells, fibroblasts (Fbs), and capillary infiltration into the scaffolds of the three groups were detected by HE staining. On 7, 14 d after the first transplantation, the vascularization of the scaffolds was further observed by immunohistochemistry. On 28, 90 d after the first operation, the degradation of the scaffolds of type A dermis and type B dermis was observed by HE staining. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, independent sample t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results:A large number of round and oval micropores were evenly distributed on the surface of type A scaffold, and the cylindrical hole walls could be observed arranging in a parallel direction in the longitudinal section. The honeycomb briquette-shaped penetrating macropores on the surface of type B scaffold were arranged in an orderly matrix. The pore walls of the honeycomb briquette-shaped penetrating macropores were connected by micropores to form a network structure. The porosity of type A dermis was (93.21±0.72)%, which was similar to (95.88±1.00)% of type B dermis ( t=4.653, P>0.05). The degradation rates of type A dermis at 4, 8, 13, and 24 h were similar to those of type B dermis at the corresponding time point ( t=0.232, 0.856, 0.258, 7.716, P>0.05). At 24 h after culture, the proliferation rates of L929 cells in the type A dermis group, type B dermis group, and negative control group were significantly higher than those of the positive control group ( t=2 393.46, 2 538.27, 1 077.77, P<0.01). The cytotoxicity rating of cells in positive control group was grade 4, while that of the other three groups was grade zero. On 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after inoculation, both L929 cells and HUVECs proliferated in a time-dependent manner in two kinds of dermal scaffolds. The adhesion growth and proliferation rate of the two kinds of cells on the surface of type B dermis was higher than that of type A dermis. On 7 d after inoculation, both L929 cells and HUVECs covered the surface of type B dermis and migrated into one side of the silicone layer. However, the above two kinds of cells migrated slowly into type A dermis, and only a few cells were found on one side of the silicone layer. There was no bleeding, exudation, or infection in the wounds repaired by type A and type B dermis. The survival rate of autologous skin grafting of 6 wounds in each group was 100%. On 4, 7, and 14 d after the first operation, inflammatory cells, Fbs, and capillaries gradually infiltrated into the scaffold layer, and the cell infiltration rate from high to low was type B dermis one-step method group, type B dermis two-step method group, and type A dermis two-step method group. The scaffold in wound in the type B dermis one-step method group gradually collapsed on 28 d after the first operation, and completely degraded in 3 months after the first operation. The scaffold degradation rate of type A dermis two-step method group was similar to that mentioned above. Conclusions:The honeycomb briquette-shaped vertically penetrating three-dimensional porous network structure of type B scaffold can accelerate its vascularization process, which is beneficial to autogenous split-thickness skin in one-step procedure to repair full-thickness skin defects wound in Ba-Ma mini pigs. Compared with the "two-step method" of staged transplantation of type A scaffold and autologous split-thickness skin, and one-step transplantation has equal efficacy and can provide a better choice for wound treatment.

Objective To construct active phages against Chlamydia trachomatis,and to evaluate its effect on Chlamydia trachomatis.Methods The M13 phage was recombined with the IN5 sequences encoding the capsid protein VP1 of chlamydiophage phiCPG1,and then the recombinant M13-IN5 phage was obtained.PCR amplification,enzyme digestion and sequencing were performed to verify whether the target fragment was inserted into the phage successfully.The viability of the phage was evaluated by plaque formation assay.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of M13 phage and recombinant M13-IN5 phage at the titer of 1011 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml on the proliferation of Hela cells,and Hela cells uninfected with chlamydia served as the blank control group.Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of the IN5 loop protein in the recombinant M13-IN5 phage,M13 phage and Escherichia coli ER2738 at exponential growth phase.Cultured standard Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E strain was treated with M13 phage and recombinant M13-IN5 phage at the titer of 1011 PFU/ml separately,and chlamydia control group without the treatment with phages was set up.After 36-hour infection,confocal microscopy was performed to detect the location of the M13 phage and the recombinant M13-IN5 phage.Moreover,iodine staining was conducted to count inclusion bodies at 36,48,60 and 72 hours separately after infection.Statistical analysis was carried out by a two-sample t-test for comparisons between two groups,one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intergroup comparison,and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons.Results The bioactive recombinant M13 phage containing the IN5 loop gene was constructed successfully,and Western blot analysis confirmed that the recombinant phage expressed IN5 loop/p Ⅲ fusion protein with a high titer of 3.05 × 1011 PFU/ml.As CCK8 assay showed,there was no significant difference in proliferation of Hela cells among the blank control group,M 13 phage group and recombinant M13-IN5 phage group (A450 values:3.63 ± 0.01,3.55 ± 0.02,3.70 ± 0.01,respectively,F =12.0,P ＞ 0.05).Confocal microscopy showed overlap between the phage fluorescence and chlamydial inclusion body fluorescence.The M13-IN5 phage group and M13 phage group both showed significantly decreased number of inclusion bodies compared with the control group (both P ＜ 0.05) at 36 and 72 hours after chlamydial infection,and the number of inclusion bodies was significantly lower in the M 13-IN5 phage group than in the M13 phage group (P ＞ 0.05).After 48,and 60 hours of chlamydial infection,the number of inclusion bodies did not differ among the M13 phage group,M13-IN5 phage group and control group (both P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The recombinant M13-IN5 phage was bioactive and could successfully express the IN5 loop protein.In the in vitro experiments,the recombinant phage could enter into chlamydia inclusion bodies,and markedly inhibited the infection of Chlamydia trachomatis.