This study aims to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of smoking behavior among adult twins in the China Twin Registry (CNTR), as well as the concordance rates for smoking behavior in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and estimate the heritability. The study population included adult twins in CNTR who had smoking questionnaire data. A random-effects regression model was used to describe the distribution of smoking behavior among different subgroups based on various characteristics. The concordance of smoking behavior between different zygosity groups was calculated, and heritability was estimated. A total of 28 444 twin pairs were included in this study, with an average age of (36.6±12.0) years. Among male twins, 41.2% were current smokers, while only 1.2% of females smoked. Higher smoking rates were observed among male smokers in the 50-59 age group ( z=23.0, P<0.001), northern regions ( z=2.9, P<0.01), rural areas ( z=-5.2, P<0.001), those who were divorced/widowed ( z=3.8, P<0.001), and first-born twins ( z=-4.3, P<0.001), while lower smoking rates were found in those with higher education ( z=-16.1, P<0.001) and unmarried individuals ( z=-16.0, P<0.001). The smoking concordance rate for male monozygotic twins was 69.6%, significantly higher than the 57.3% concordance rate for dizygotic twins ( χ 2=105.0, P<0.05). The heritability of smoking behavior in male twins was estimated at 28.9% (95% CI: 24.3%-33.4%). Stratified analyses showed differences in heritability across regions and age groups: the heritability in northern regions was 32.6% (95% CI: 27.3%-38.0%), higher than the 21.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-29.5%) observed in southern regions; the highest heritability of 35.1% (95% CI: 26.3%-43.9%) was found in the 18-29 age group, with heritability decreasing with age. In conclusion, the smoking rate and influencing factors in the twin population are similar to those in the general population, with unique characteristics, such as higher smoking rates in first-born twins. Genetic factors have a significant impact on smoking behavior.

As a traditional nutritional and healthy cash crop in China, tea has certain significance in promoting human health and preventing and controlling chronic diseases. Studies have shown that the nutritional health effect of tea is due to its rich functional components, mainly including tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, alkaloids and other bioactive substances. At present, researchers from the academic circles have continuously carried out animal and human experiments on the health effects of various functional components of tea, which has accumulated abundant research data and materials. Based on this, this article reviews the literature on the nutritional and health effects of the main functional components of tea, and adopts the method of evidence-based research to screen and extract relevant data for qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. Subsequently, the nutritional health effects of the five functional components of tea, namely tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, and alkaloids, are summarized and outlined. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine and alkaloids have different health effects and are expected to play their unique roles in promoting human health and preventing and controlling diseases.

Objective:To describe the distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and further explore the influence of genetic factors on alcohol consumption in adult twins.Methods:The subjects of the study were twins registered by CNTR in 11 project areas across China from 2010 to 2018. A total of 56 966 twins (28 483 pairs) aged 18 years and above who answered questions about drinking behavior were included, and the random effect model was used to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption. Intra-pair analysis was performed to calculate the concordance rate and heritability of their alcohol consumption.Results:The age of all subjects was (36.6±12.0) years, and current drinkers accounted for 16.6% (9 461/56 966) of all subjects. In men, those aged 50-59 years, those in northern China, those living in rural area, those with low education level and those with high BMI, the proportions of current drinkers were higher. After excluding 468 pairs of twins who had stopped alcohol use and 21 764 pairs of twins who had no drink or had small amount drink, an intra-pair analysis was conducted in 4 929 pairs of same-sex twins, and found that the concordance rate of alcohol consumption was 64.0% (2 059/3 215) in monozygotic twins, and 52.6% (902/1 714) in dizygotic twins, the difference was significant ( P<0.001), and the heritability of alcohol consumption was 24.1% (95% CI: 18.9%- 29.3%). The further stratified analysis found that in southern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 40-49 years (36.1%, 95% CI: 21.6%-50.7%), while in northern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 50-59 years (34.2%, 95% CI: 18.1%-50.3%). Conclusions:In adult twins in China, there were population and regional differences in the distribution of alcohol consumption behavior, and alcohol consumption was influenced by genetic factors, and gender, age and region had potential modifying effects.

This study aims to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of smoking behavior among adult twins in the China Twin Registry (CNTR), as well as the concordance rates for smoking behavior in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and estimate the heritability. The study population included adult twins in CNTR who had smoking questionnaire data. A random-effects regression model was used to describe the distribution of smoking behavior among different subgroups based on various characteristics. The concordance of smoking behavior between different zygosity groups was calculated, and heritability was estimated. A total of 28 444 twin pairs were included in this study, with an average age of (36.6±12.0) years. Among male twins, 41.2% were current smokers, while only 1.2% of females smoked. Higher smoking rates were observed among male smokers in the 50-59 age group ( z=23.0, P<0.001), northern regions ( z=2.9, P<0.01), rural areas ( z=-5.2, P<0.001), those who were divorced/widowed ( z=3.8, P<0.001), and first-born twins ( z=-4.3, P<0.001), while lower smoking rates were found in those with higher education ( z=-16.1, P<0.001) and unmarried individuals ( z=-16.0, P<0.001). The smoking concordance rate for male monozygotic twins was 69.6%, significantly higher than the 57.3% concordance rate for dizygotic twins ( χ 2=105.0, P<0.05). The heritability of smoking behavior in male twins was estimated at 28.9% (95% CI: 24.3%-33.4%). Stratified analyses showed differences in heritability across regions and age groups: the heritability in northern regions was 32.6% (95% CI: 27.3%-38.0%), higher than the 21.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-29.5%) observed in southern regions; the highest heritability of 35.1% (95% CI: 26.3%-43.9%) was found in the 18-29 age group, with heritability decreasing with age. In conclusion, the smoking rate and influencing factors in the twin population are similar to those in the general population, with unique characteristics, such as higher smoking rates in first-born twins. Genetic factors have a significant impact on smoking behavior.

Objective To explore the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with symptomatic severe intracranial artery stenosis after interventional therapy,and to construct a nomogram prediction model accordingly.Methods The clinical data of 121 patients with symptomatic severe intracranial artery stenosis,who received interventional treatment at the First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from June 1,2021 to October 31,2024,were retrospectively analyzed.The general data,characteristics of vascular lesions,treatment-related factors and prognosis of patients were collected.According to the modified Rankin scale(mRS)score,the patients were divided into good prognosis group(mRS score ≤2 points)and poor prognosis group(mRS score＞2 points).The clinical data were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify and determine independent factors affecting patient's outcomes,to construct a nomogram prediction model and to validate this model.Results Among the 121 patients,31(25.61％)had poor prognosis and 90(74.38％)had good prognosis.The postoperative 3-month mRS score was lower than preoperative mRS score value(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in hypertension history,stenosis site,stenosis degree,collateral circulation state,interventional therapeutic mode,cholesterol level,platelet count,lesion length and preoperative NIHSS score(P＜0.05)between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group.Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension history,stenosis degree,collateral circulation status,cholesterol level,platelet count,lesion's length and preoperative NIHSS score were the independent influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with symptomatic severe intracranial artery stenosis.The predicted AUC of the nomogram model was 0.931(95％ CI=0.873-0.989),and the calibration curve showed that the predicted value was in good agreement with the actual value.Conclusion Hypertension history,stenosis degree,collateral circulation status,cholesterol level,platelet count,lesion length and preoperative NIHSS score are the important influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with symptomatic severe intracranial artery stenosis.The nomogram prediction model constructed in this study shows a high accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients,and it can provide important reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative serum levels of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)X inactive specific transcript(XIST)and microRNA(miR)-140-3p in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indexes,degree of coronary artery disease and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)within 3 years after surgery.Methods A total of 164 patients with AMI(AMI group)and 148 healthy subjects(healthy group)were selected from Hankuang General Hospital of North China Medical and Health Group from November 2018 to February 2021.Clinical data were collected at admission,and blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indicators,serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p levels in AMI group before PCI and healthy group during physical examination were detected.According to the degree of coronary artery disease,AMI patients were divided into mild coronary artery disease group(n=33),moderate coronary artery disease group(n=76),and severe coronary artery disease group(n=55).Follow up for 3 years after surgery,AMI patients were divided into MACE group(n=36)and non-MACE group(n=128).Clinical data,preoperative PCI blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indicators,synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and cardiac surgery(SYNTAX)score,and serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p expression levels of health group and AMI group,AMI patients with different prognoses within 3 years after PCI were compared.The serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p expression levels of AMI patients with different degrees of coronary artery disease before PCI were compared.The correlation between preoperative PCI serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p with blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indicators,SYNTAX score in AMI patients,the influencing factors of MACE occurrence,and predicting the value of preoperative PCI serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p in predicting MACE occurrence within 3 years after PCI in AMI patients were analyzed.Results Compared with healthy group,the preoperative PCI fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),homocysteine(Hcy),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),lncRNA XIST expression levels of AMI group were significantly increased(t=2.426～80.642),and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and miR-140-3pexpression levels were significantly reduced(t=6.166～66.119),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Before PCI,the expression levels of serum lncRNA XIST were increased successively,and the expression levels of miR-140-3p were decreased successively in mild,moderate,and severe coronary artery lesions group,the differences were statistically significant(F=174.600,231.138,all P<0.05).The serum lncRNA XIST of AMI patients before PCI was positively correlated with FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP and SYNTAX scores(r=0.235～0.681,all P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with miR-140-3p,HDL-C and LVEF(r=-0.571,-0.262,-0.513,all P＜0.05).miR-140-3p was negatively correlated with FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP and SYNTAX scores(r=-0.672～-0.209,all P＜0.05),and positively correlated with HDL-C and LVEF(r=0.245,0.524,all P＜0.05).Compared with non-MACE group,the hs-CRP,CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP,SYNTAX scores and lncRNA XIST expression levels before PCI in MACE group were significantly increased(t=3.032～26.330),while the LVEF and miR-140-3p expression levels were significantly reduced(t=2.821,13.318),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).LVEF and miR-140-3p were independent protective factors for MACE in AMI patients within 3 years after PCI(Wald χ2=6.098,7.851,all P＜0.05),while CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP,SYNTAX score and lncRNA XIST were independent risk factors for MACE in AMI patients within 3 years after PCI(Wald χ2=4.263～7.853,all P＜0.05).Compared with the area under curve(AUC)of serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p before PCI separately predicting MACE occurrence within 3 years after PCI in AMI patients,the combined prediction of MACE occurrence within 3 years after PCI in AMI patients was higher,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=2.059,2.017,all P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of lncRNA XIST in the serum of AMI patients is increased while the expression of miR-140-3p is decreased.Both are associated with blood glucose,blood lipids myocardial injury indicators,degree of coronary artery disease,and the occurrence of MACE within three years after PCI.They have high value in predicting the occurrence of MACE within three years after PCI surgery.

Objective:To describe the distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), and further explore the influence of genetic factors on alcohol consumption in adult twins.Methods:The subjects of the study were twins registered by CNTR in 11 project areas across China from 2010 to 2018. A total of 56 966 twins (28 483 pairs) aged 18 years and above who answered questions about drinking behavior were included, and the random effect model was used to describe the population and regional distribution characteristics of alcohol consumption. Intra-pair analysis was performed to calculate the concordance rate and heritability of their alcohol consumption.Results:The age of all subjects was (36.6±12.0) years, and current drinkers accounted for 16.6% (9 461/56 966) of all subjects. In men, those aged 50-59 years, those in northern China, those living in rural area, those with low education level and those with high BMI, the proportions of current drinkers were higher. After excluding 468 pairs of twins who had stopped alcohol use and 21 764 pairs of twins who had no drink or had small amount drink, an intra-pair analysis was conducted in 4 929 pairs of same-sex twins, and found that the concordance rate of alcohol consumption was 64.0% (2 059/3 215) in monozygotic twins, and 52.6% (902/1 714) in dizygotic twins, the difference was significant ( P<0.001), and the heritability of alcohol consumption was 24.1% (95% CI: 18.9%- 29.3%). The further stratified analysis found that in southern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 40-49 years (36.1%, 95% CI: 21.6%-50.7%), while in northern men, the heritability was highest in those aged 50-59 years (34.2%, 95% CI: 18.1%-50.3%). Conclusions:In adult twins in China, there were population and regional differences in the distribution of alcohol consumption behavior, and alcohol consumption was influenced by genetic factors, and gender, age and region had potential modifying effects.

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative serum levels of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)X inactive specific transcript(XIST)and microRNA(miR)-140-3p in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indexes,degree of coronary artery disease and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)within 3 years after surgery.Methods A total of 164 patients with AMI(AMI group)and 148 healthy subjects(healthy group)were selected from Hankuang General Hospital of North China Medical and Health Group from November 2018 to February 2021.Clinical data were collected at admission,and blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indicators,serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p levels in AMI group before PCI and healthy group during physical examination were detected.According to the degree of coronary artery disease,AMI patients were divided into mild coronary artery disease group(n=33),moderate coronary artery disease group(n=76),and severe coronary artery disease group(n=55).Follow up for 3 years after surgery,AMI patients were divided into MACE group(n=36)and non-MACE group(n=128).Clinical data,preoperative PCI blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indicators,synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and cardiac surgery(SYNTAX)score,and serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p expression levels of health group and AMI group,AMI patients with different prognoses within 3 years after PCI were compared.The serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p expression levels of AMI patients with different degrees of coronary artery disease before PCI were compared.The correlation between preoperative PCI serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p with blood glucose,blood lipids,myocardial injury indicators,SYNTAX score in AMI patients,the influencing factors of MACE occurrence,and predicting the value of preoperative PCI serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p in predicting MACE occurrence within 3 years after PCI in AMI patients were analyzed.Results Compared with healthy group,the preoperative PCI fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),homocysteine(Hcy),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),lncRNA XIST expression levels of AMI group were significantly increased(t=2.426～80.642),and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and miR-140-3pexpression levels were significantly reduced(t=6.166～66.119),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Before PCI,the expression levels of serum lncRNA XIST were increased successively,and the expression levels of miR-140-3p were decreased successively in mild,moderate,and severe coronary artery lesions group,the differences were statistically significant(F=174.600,231.138,all P<0.05).The serum lncRNA XIST of AMI patients before PCI was positively correlated with FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP and SYNTAX scores(r=0.235～0.681,all P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with miR-140-3p,HDL-C and LVEF(r=-0.571,-0.262,-0.513,all P＜0.05).miR-140-3p was negatively correlated with FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP and SYNTAX scores(r=-0.672～-0.209,all P＜0.05),and positively correlated with HDL-C and LVEF(r=0.245,0.524,all P＜0.05).Compared with non-MACE group,the hs-CRP,CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP,SYNTAX scores and lncRNA XIST expression levels before PCI in MACE group were significantly increased(t=3.032～26.330),while the LVEF and miR-140-3p expression levels were significantly reduced(t=2.821,13.318),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).LVEF and miR-140-3p were independent protective factors for MACE in AMI patients within 3 years after PCI(Wald χ2=6.098,7.851,all P＜0.05),while CK-MB,Hcy,cTnI,BNP,SYNTAX score and lncRNA XIST were independent risk factors for MACE in AMI patients within 3 years after PCI(Wald χ2=4.263～7.853,all P＜0.05).Compared with the area under curve(AUC)of serum lncRNA XIST and miR-140-3p before PCI separately predicting MACE occurrence within 3 years after PCI in AMI patients,the combined prediction of MACE occurrence within 3 years after PCI in AMI patients was higher,and the differences were statistically significant(Z=2.059,2.017,all P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of lncRNA XIST in the serum of AMI patients is increased while the expression of miR-140-3p is decreased.Both are associated with blood glucose,blood lipids myocardial injury indicators,degree of coronary artery disease,and the occurrence of MACE within three years after PCI.They have high value in predicting the occurrence of MACE within three years after PCI surgery.

Objective To explore the effect of mixed antibiotics on the intestinal flora of mice to affect the immune regulation of the body,explore the role of intestinal flora in the development of obesity,and provide new ideas and ways for the prevention and treatment of obesity.Methods Seventy-two 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control(Ctrl)group,high-fat diet(HF)group,antibiotic(ABX)group,and combined(COMB)group(n=18).At the first 2 weeks(lavage intervention weeks),Ctrl and HF group were given normal saline gavage;ABX and COMB group were given mixed antibiotics gavage,and the gavage volume was 0.2 mL/animal/day.For the following 8 weeks(feeding weeks),Ctrl and ABX group were fed with ordinary diet,HF and COMB group were fed with high-fat diet.Body weight was measured weekly,and fasting blood glucose was measured before and after gavage,and at the 4th and 8th week of feeding.Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of the experiment.The organ coefficient was measured and the cell morphology of white and brown adipose tissue was observed.Serum was collected for the determination of free fatty acid,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein,triglyceride,and total cholesterol.Serum TNF-α,IL-10,IL-4,IL-13,IL-33 and MCP-1 was detected by ELISA.The stool of mice was collected for second generation sequencing.Results High-fat diet increased body weight,serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,IL-13,IL-33,TNF-α,MCP-1 content,and decreased glucose tolerance and organ coefficient in mice(P＜0.05).From the first feeding week to the end of the experiment,body weight in COMB group was significantly lower than that in HF group(P＜0.05).The level of glucose tolerance,serum total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein,IL-13,IL-33,TNF-α and MCP-1 in COMB group was lower than those in HF group(P＜0.05).The α diversity of intestinal flora in ABX group was lower than that in Ctrl group(P＜0.05).Congestion and bleeding in WAT were obvious in HF group,but not in COMB group.The microbial community composition of ABX and HF group was similar to that of Ctrl and COMB group,respectively.Conclusion High-fat diet induces obesity,disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation in mice.Short-term mixed antibiotic use can regulate the intestinal flora of mice,mediate increased expression of related anti-inflammatory factors,up-regulate host immunity,and improve glucose and lipid metabolism in mice.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.