ObjectiveTo investigate the status of overlapping hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection and the serological characteristics of such patients. MethodsA total of 8 637 patients with HCV infection who were hospitalized from January 1， 2010 to December 31， 2020 and had complete data of HBV serological markers were enrolled， and the composition ratio of patients with overlapping HBV serological markers was analyzed among the patients with HCV infection. The patients were divided into groups based on age and year of birth， and serological characteristics were analyzed， and the distribution of HBV-related serological characteristics were analyzed across different HCV genotypes. ResultsThe patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection accounted for 5.85%， and the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 48.10%； the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 14.67%， while the patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV accounted for 31.39%. The patients were divided into groups based on age： in the 0 — 17 years group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 61.41% （304 patients）； the 18 — 44 years group was mainly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （698 patients， 37.31%）， the 45 — 59 years group was predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 945 patients， 50.38%）， and the ≥60 years group was also predominantly composed of patients with previous HBV infection （1 486 patients， 61.66%）. The patients were divided into groups based on the year of birth： in the pre-1992 group， the patients with previous HBV infection accounted for 51.63% （4 112 patients）； in the 1992 — 2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 54.72% （168 patients）； in the post-2005 group， the patients with protective immunity against HBV accounted for 64.38% （235 patients）. In this study， 6 301 patients underwent HCV genotype testing： the patients with genotype 1b accounted for the highest proportion of 51.71% （3 258 patients）， followed by those with genotype 2a （1 769 patients， 28.07%）， genotype 3b （63 patients， 1.00%）， genotype 3a （10 patients， 0.16%）， genotype 4 （21 patients， 0.33%）， and genotype 6a （5 patients， 0.08%）. ConclusionWith the implementation of hepatitis B planned vaccination program in China， there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with previous HBV infection among the patients with HCV/HBV overlapping infection， but there is still a relatively high proportion of patients with a lack of protective immunity against HBV.

Objective To observe the value of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies.Methods Totally 118 fetuses with intracranial anomalies diagnosed through cranial MRI/induced labor specimen dissection who underwent prenatal ultrasound examination were retrospectively enrolled.Two-dimensional,three-dimensional ultrasound and microvascular flow imaging manifestations of fetal intracranial anomalies were observed,and the accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies was analyzed.Results The accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies was 93.22％(110/118),of isolated and non-isolated intracranial anomalies was 97.47％(77/79)and 84.62％(33/39),respectively.Six fetuses were missed diagnosis of malformations of cortical development(1 fetus of tuberous sclerosis,4 of abnormal morphology of the sulci gyrus and 1 of schizencephaly)and 1 fetus of intracranial softening lesion,while posterior fossa arachnoid cyst in 1 fetus was misdiagnosed as mega cisterna magna.Conclusion The accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies was relatively high.

Objective To observe the value of prenatal ultrasound for diagnosing fetal intracranial arachnoid cyst(IAC)and predicting outcomes.Methods A total of 240 fetuses with IAC confirmed by fetal brain MR examination or clinical follow-up were retrospectively enrolled,and the prenatal ultrasonic manifestations were observed.The outcomes of pregnancy were recorded,and the neurological development and treatment after birth were regularly followed up,then the fetuses were classified into good outcome or poor outcome groups.Univariate and binary logistic regression were used to analyze clinical data and prenatal ultrasonic findings,and the impact factors of outcomes of fetal IAC were screened.Results Among 240 fetuses,IAC located in the supratentorial area in 192(192/240,80.00％)and in the infratentorial area in 48(48/240,20.00％)fetuses.The size of IAC was 0.3-6.2 cm,with an average of(1.4±0.9)cm.Single lesion was found in 230 fetuses(230/240,95.83％),while multiple lesions were detected in 10 fetuses(10/240,4.17％).IAC presented as thin-walled cystic echoes with clear intracranial boundaries and good intracapsular sound transmission in all 240 fetuses,including 150(150/240,62.50％)with simple IAC and 90(90/240,37.50％)complicated with intracranial or other system malformations.Totally 189 fetuses were delivered successfully,while 51 underwent induction of labor.The newborns were followed up to 6-84 months.Among 240 fetuses with IAC,171(171/240,71.25％)had good outcome and 69(69/240,28.75％)had poor outcome.The size,number of lesion and whether combined with malformations or not on prenatal ultrasound and gender were all independent impact factors of outcomes of fetal IAC(OR=1.558,6.323,0.911,2.662,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound could accurately diagnose and predict the outcomes of fetal IAC.

As a traditional nutritional and healthy cash crop in China, tea has certain significance in promoting human health and preventing and controlling chronic diseases. Studies have shown that the nutritional health effect of tea is due to its rich functional components, mainly including tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, alkaloids and other bioactive substances. At present, researchers from the academic circles have continuously carried out animal and human experiments on the health effects of various functional components of tea, which has accumulated abundant research data and materials. Based on this, this article reviews the literature on the nutritional and health effects of the main functional components of tea, and adopts the method of evidence-based research to screen and extract relevant data for qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis. Subsequently, the nutritional health effects of the five functional components of tea, namely tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine, and alkaloids, are summarized and outlined. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols, tea pigments, tea polysaccharides, theanine and alkaloids have different health effects and are expected to play their unique roles in promoting human health and preventing and controlling diseases.

Objective:To investigate the dosimetric impact of dwell position spacing in the design of three-dimensional (3D) interstitial brachytherapy plans for cervical cancer, and to provide a reference for selecting dwell spacing in clinical planning.Methods:A total of 15 patients with cervical cancer who underwent 3D interstitial brachytherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital between March 2022 and March 2024 were selected using simple random sampling. For each patient, 10 brachytherapy plans were generated with different dwell position spacings set at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 mm, respectively. Key parameters among different dwell spacings compared included D 90%, V 100%, V 200%, and V 300% for the high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV); D 90% for the intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IRCTV); D 2 cm3 for organs at risk (OARs) (bladder, small intestine, colon, and rectum); and the total dwell time. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated measurement ANOVA or the Friedman test. Results:Among different dwell spacings, there were no statistically significant differences in HRCTV D 90%, HRCTV V 100%, bladder D 2 cm3, and rectum D 2 cm3 among different dwell spacings ( P=0.075, 0.061, 0.480, 0.639). All plans with dwell spacings ≤ 3 mm met clinical dose requirements. When the dwell spacing was set to 1 mm, HRCTV V 200% and V 300% had the smallest mean values, while IRCTV D 90% and total dwell time had the largest mean values; all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). When the dwell spacing was ≥6 mm, an increase in spacing led to a decrease in mean small intestine D 2 cm3, and total dwell time, but an increase in HRCTV V 200% and a decrease in IRCTV D 90%, with statistically significant differences compared to spacings of 1-4 mm ( P<0.05). When the dwell spacing was ≥8 mm, the median colon D 2 cm3 decreased, with statistically significant differences compared to spacings of 1-3 mm ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For 3D interstitial brachytherapy planning in cervical cancer, dwell position spacings ≤ 3 mm can meet clinical dose requirements, with 1 mm providing optimal target coverage. Spacings ≥6 mm / ≥8 mm can reduce radiation dose to the small intestine and colon, respectively, while also shortening dwell time.

Objective:To explore the value of nomogram model based on multimodal ultrasound features for predicting the malignant risk of micro lesions in breast areola region.Methods:The case data of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2020 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 50 patients with benign intraductal papilloma（bIDP group）and 54 patients with malignant risk breast tumor（mrBT group）were found to have micro lesions in breast areola region and confirmed by puncture or surgical pathology. Clinical data，conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were performed on statistically significant factors to screen out influencing factors. ROC curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic efficacy，nomogram model and clinical decision curves were constructed to evaluate clinical benefits.Results:The differences of age，nipple discharge presentation，conventional ultrasound features（including boundary，morphology，aspect ratio，internal echo，internal microcalcification，far-field echo，peripheral irregular hyperechoic ring，dilate of peripheral ducts），and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features（including wash-in time，enhancement intensity，enhancement mode，enhancement scope，blood perfusion defect，crab foot sign，penetrating vessels）were statistically significant between the bIDP group and mrBTgroup（all P<0.05）. Regression analysis showed that age，uniformity of internal echo within the lesion，dilation of surrounding ducts，and enhanced crab foot sign were the affect factors for the diagnosis of mrBT（all P<0.05）. Based on these factors，a nomogram model was constructed with an area under ROC curve（AUC）of 0.907（95% CI=0.851-0.963），a sensitivity of 0.907，and a specificity of 0.780. The decision curve analysis showed that the collective model had good predictive performance. Conclusions:The nomogram model based on multimodal ultrasound features has good value in predicting malignant risk micro breast tumor of areola region.

Objective To observe the value of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies.Methods Totally 118 fetuses with intracranial anomalies diagnosed through cranial MRI/induced labor specimen dissection who underwent prenatal ultrasound examination were retrospectively enrolled.Two-dimensional,three-dimensional ultrasound and microvascular flow imaging manifestations of fetal intracranial anomalies were observed,and the accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies was analyzed.Results The accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies was 93.22％(110/118),of isolated and non-isolated intracranial anomalies was 97.47％(77/79)and 84.62％(33/39),respectively.Six fetuses were missed diagnosis of malformations of cortical development(1 fetus of tuberous sclerosis,4 of abnormal morphology of the sulci gyrus and 1 of schizencephaly)and 1 fetus of intracranial softening lesion,while posterior fossa arachnoid cyst in 1 fetus was misdiagnosed as mega cisterna magna.Conclusion The accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with microvascular flow imaging for prenatal diagnosis of fetal intracranial anomalies was relatively high.

Objective To observe the value of prenatal ultrasound for diagnosing fetal intracranial arachnoid cyst(IAC)and predicting outcomes.Methods A total of 240 fetuses with IAC confirmed by fetal brain MR examination or clinical follow-up were retrospectively enrolled,and the prenatal ultrasonic manifestations were observed.The outcomes of pregnancy were recorded,and the neurological development and treatment after birth were regularly followed up,then the fetuses were classified into good outcome or poor outcome groups.Univariate and binary logistic regression were used to analyze clinical data and prenatal ultrasonic findings,and the impact factors of outcomes of fetal IAC were screened.Results Among 240 fetuses,IAC located in the supratentorial area in 192(192/240,80.00％)and in the infratentorial area in 48(48/240,20.00％)fetuses.The size of IAC was 0.3-6.2 cm,with an average of(1.4±0.9)cm.Single lesion was found in 230 fetuses(230/240,95.83％),while multiple lesions were detected in 10 fetuses(10/240,4.17％).IAC presented as thin-walled cystic echoes with clear intracranial boundaries and good intracapsular sound transmission in all 240 fetuses,including 150(150/240,62.50％)with simple IAC and 90(90/240,37.50％)complicated with intracranial or other system malformations.Totally 189 fetuses were delivered successfully,while 51 underwent induction of labor.The newborns were followed up to 6-84 months.Among 240 fetuses with IAC,171(171/240,71.25％)had good outcome and 69(69/240,28.75％)had poor outcome.The size,number of lesion and whether combined with malformations or not on prenatal ultrasound and gender were all independent impact factors of outcomes of fetal IAC(OR=1.558,6.323,0.911,2.662,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound could accurately diagnose and predict the outcomes of fetal IAC.

Objective:To investigate the dosimetric impact of dwell position spacing in the design of three-dimensional (3D) interstitial brachytherapy plans for cervical cancer, and to provide a reference for selecting dwell spacing in clinical planning.Methods:A total of 15 patients with cervical cancer who underwent 3D interstitial brachytherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital between March 2022 and March 2024 were selected using simple random sampling. For each patient, 10 brachytherapy plans were generated with different dwell position spacings set at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 mm, respectively. Key parameters among different dwell spacings compared included D 90%, V 100%, V 200%, and V 300% for the high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV); D 90% for the intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IRCTV); D 2 cm3 for organs at risk (OARs) (bladder, small intestine, colon, and rectum); and the total dwell time. Statistical analyses were performed using repeated measurement ANOVA or the Friedman test. Results:Among different dwell spacings, there were no statistically significant differences in HRCTV D 90%, HRCTV V 100%, bladder D 2 cm3, and rectum D 2 cm3 among different dwell spacings ( P=0.075, 0.061, 0.480, 0.639). All plans with dwell spacings ≤ 3 mm met clinical dose requirements. When the dwell spacing was set to 1 mm, HRCTV V 200% and V 300% had the smallest mean values, while IRCTV D 90% and total dwell time had the largest mean values; all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). When the dwell spacing was ≥6 mm, an increase in spacing led to a decrease in mean small intestine D 2 cm3, and total dwell time, but an increase in HRCTV V 200% and a decrease in IRCTV D 90%, with statistically significant differences compared to spacings of 1-4 mm ( P<0.05). When the dwell spacing was ≥8 mm, the median colon D 2 cm3 decreased, with statistically significant differences compared to spacings of 1-3 mm ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For 3D interstitial brachytherapy planning in cervical cancer, dwell position spacings ≤ 3 mm can meet clinical dose requirements, with 1 mm providing optimal target coverage. Spacings ≥6 mm / ≥8 mm can reduce radiation dose to the small intestine and colon, respectively, while also shortening dwell time.

Objective:To explore the value of nomogram model based on multimodal ultrasound features for predicting the malignant risk of micro lesions in breast areola region.Methods:The case data of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2020 to July 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 50 patients with benign intraductal papilloma（bIDP group）and 54 patients with malignant risk breast tumor（mrBT group）were found to have micro lesions in breast areola region and confirmed by puncture or surgical pathology. Clinical data，conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis were performed on statistically significant factors to screen out influencing factors. ROC curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic efficacy，nomogram model and clinical decision curves were constructed to evaluate clinical benefits.Results:The differences of age，nipple discharge presentation，conventional ultrasound features（including boundary，morphology，aspect ratio，internal echo，internal microcalcification，far-field echo，peripheral irregular hyperechoic ring，dilate of peripheral ducts），and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features（including wash-in time，enhancement intensity，enhancement mode，enhancement scope，blood perfusion defect，crab foot sign，penetrating vessels）were statistically significant between the bIDP group and mrBTgroup（all P<0.05）. Regression analysis showed that age，uniformity of internal echo within the lesion，dilation of surrounding ducts，and enhanced crab foot sign were the affect factors for the diagnosis of mrBT（all P<0.05）. Based on these factors，a nomogram model was constructed with an area under ROC curve（AUC）of 0.907（95% CI=0.851-0.963），a sensitivity of 0.907，and a specificity of 0.780. The decision curve analysis showed that the collective model had good predictive performance. Conclusions:The nomogram model based on multimodal ultrasound features has good value in predicting malignant risk micro breast tumor of areola region.