Despite that sleep disturbance and poor neurocognitive performance are common complaints among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors, few studies have focused on the effect of post-COVID-19 sleep disturbance (PCSD) on cognitive function. This study aimed to identify the impact of PCSD on neurocognitive function and explore the associated risk factors for the worsening of this condition. This cross-sectional study was conducted via the web-based assessment in Chinese mainland. Neurocognitive function was evaluated by the modified online Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA) and the Number Ordering Test (NOT). Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to match the confounding factors between individuals with and without PCSD. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of PCSD on neurocognitive function. The risk factors associated with worsened neurocognitive performance in PCSD individuals were explored using binary logistic regression. A total of 8692 individuals with COVID-19 diagnosis were selected for this study. Nearly half (48.80%) of the COVID-19 survivors reported sleep disturbance. After matching by PSM, a total of 3977 pairs (7954 individuals in total) were obtained. Univariate analyses revealed that PCSD was related to worse ICA and NOT performance (P<0.05). Underlying disease, upper respiratory infection, loss of smell or taste, severe pneumonia, and self-reported cognitive complaints were associated with worsened neurocognitive performance among PCSD individuals (P<0.05). Furthermore, aging, ethnicity (minority), and lower education level were found to be independent risk factors for worsened neurocognitive performance in PCSD individuals (P<0.05). PCSD was related to impaired neurocognitive performance. Therefore, appropriate prevention and intervention measures should be taken to minimize or prevent PCSD and eliminate its potential adverse effect on neurocognitive function.
Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology* ; Propensity Score ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Neuropsychological Tests

Objective:To explore the application of the suspension culture method in pancreatic cancer organoid construction.Methods:Cell suspensions obtained from 8 pancreatic cancer tissue samples at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University between July 2023 and March 2024, were prepared by digested pancreatic cancer tumor tissues using mixed enzymes, inoculated into ultra-low adsorption culture plates for suspension culture, and when the organoids were cultured to a certain size, passaging and freezing were initiated, and their structural morphology was observed by inverted microscope. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed that pancreatic cancer organoids were lumpy or irregularly tubular, with obvious nuclear atypia, and were remarkably similar in tissue structure to pancreatic cancer tissue.Results:Among the 8 pancreatic cancer tissue samples, pancreatic cancer organoids were successfully constructed in three patients, and HE staining showed that pancreatic cancer organoids had a high degree of structural similarity with tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry suggested that CK7, CK19, P53, and Ki-67 were expressed in the pancreatic cancer organoids and tumor tissues of case origin in more or less the same way.Conclusion:The suspension culture method is able to construct pancreatic cancer-like organs that are approximately the same as the originating tumor tissues at the tissue level.

Objective:To explore the application of the suspension culture method in pancreatic cancer organoid construction.Methods:Cell suspensions obtained from 8 pancreatic cancer tissue samples at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University between July 2023 and March 2024, were prepared by digested pancreatic cancer tumor tissues using mixed enzymes, inoculated into ultra-low adsorption culture plates for suspension culture, and when the organoids were cultured to a certain size, passaging and freezing were initiated, and their structural morphology was observed by inverted microscope. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed that pancreatic cancer organoids were lumpy or irregularly tubular, with obvious nuclear atypia, and were remarkably similar in tissue structure to pancreatic cancer tissue.Results:Among the 8 pancreatic cancer tissue samples, pancreatic cancer organoids were successfully constructed in three patients, and HE staining showed that pancreatic cancer organoids had a high degree of structural similarity with tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry suggested that CK7, CK19, P53, and Ki-67 were expressed in the pancreatic cancer organoids and tumor tissues of case origin in more or less the same way.Conclusion:The suspension culture method is able to construct pancreatic cancer-like organs that are approximately the same as the originating tumor tissues at the tissue level.

ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of Cistanches Herba phenylethanoid glycosides （CHPhGs） on the intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease （ALD） mice were discussed. MethodThe 36 C57BL/6N female mice were randomly divided normal group， normal group of CHPhGs， model group， and low， medium， and high-dose groups （175， 350， 700 mg·kg^-1） of CHPhGs， with six mice in each group. The ALD mouse model was built using Lieber-Decarli alcohol liquid feed. The normal group and low， medium， and high-dose groups of CHPhGs were given CHPhGs by gavage daily. Serum aspartate aminotransferase aminotransferase （ALT）， alanine aminotransferase （AST）， triglycerides （TG）， and total cholesterol （TC） levels were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， lipopolysaccharide-binding protein （LBP）， D-lactic acid （D-LA）， diamine oxidase （DAO）， and LBP of liver were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The levels of TG and TC in the liver were detected by colorimetry. Liver tissue was treated by oil red O and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The microstructure of jejunum epithelial cells was observed by electron microscope. Jejunum and colon were treated by HE staining and alcian blue-periodate-scheff (AB-PAS) staining staining， and mucin 2 （Muc2） was treated by immunohistochemistry. The intestinal contents of the normal group， normal group of CHPhGs， model group， and high-dose group of CHPhGs were collected and sequenced. ResultThe ALD model was established successfully. Compared with the normal group， the levels of serum ALT， AST， and TG， as well as the levels of liver TG and TC in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Histopathology showed that compared with the normal group， the liver cells in the model group showed obvious steatosis. Compared with the model group， the levels of serum TG and liver TG and TC in the low， medium， and high-dose groups of CHPhGs decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The serum ALT， AST， TNF-α， IL-1β， LPS， and LBP in the high-dose group of CHPhGs were also significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The number of liver cells with steatosis in the high-dose group of CHPhGs was significantly reduced， and the microvilli structure of jejunum epithelial cells was basically intact. The expression of Muc2 was reduced in the colon， and the gut microbiota of the high-dose group of CHPhGs changed significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the Allobaculum was significantly up-regulated in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the abundance of Akkermansia in the high-dose group of CHPhGs was significantly increased （P<0.01）. The abundance of Akkermansia was negatively correlated with that of Allobaculum （r=-0.701， P<0.01）. ConclusionCHPhGs can reduce the intestinal barrier injury caused by ALD， which may play a protective role by regulating the abundance and structure of Akkermansia and Allobaculum and affecting the homeostasis of intestinal mucus.

Objective To summarize the preliminary application results of ultrasound-guided biliary drainage tube replacement, present the corresponding technical points, and discuss the operation strategy and clinical application value. Methods The clinical data of 60 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided biliary drainage tube replacement in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between August 2014 and August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The operation procedure, clinical applications, and postoperative complications were summarized and analyzed. Results Fifty-eight of the 60 patients (96.67%) were successfully replaced with drainage tubes along the original sinus. Among them, dilated sinus tracts of 47 patients were placed with coarse-grade drainage tubes, and dilated sinus tracts of the remaining 11 patients were placed with the original type of drainage tubes, with the mean operation time of 15.8(12.0-19.0) min under local anesthesia. In total, bile was drained from 28 patients receiving PTCD drainage, 23 patients receiving gallbladder drainage, and 9 patients receiving T-tube drainage. The post-operation evaluation revealed that the drainage situation has improved, with a 100% effective rate. No obvious abnormality was found in the postoperative follow-up visit. Conclusion The replacement of drainage tube under ultrasound guidance is simple, safe and feasible, and it provides further promotion in clinical practice with sufficient data support.

Objective:To explore the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) on early pregnancy loss after first embryo transfer during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods:A total of 3973 women with positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after first embryo transfer from July 2016 to June 2019 in Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were categorized into four groups according to AMH levels: group A (AMH≤1.97 μg/L), group B (1.97 μg/L5.41 μg/L). Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis and curve fitting analysis were used to investigate the effect of AMH level on early pregnancy loss rate.Results:1) The total early pregnancy loss rate of the first transfer cycle was 15.71% (624/3973).There were significant differences in AMH level [(1.21±0.50) μg/L, (2.63±0.38) μg/L, (4.26±0.60) μg/L, (8.26±2.78) μg/L, P<0.001], age [(32.35±5.00) years, (30.77±4.24) years, (29.90±3.96) years, (29.35±3.85) years, P<0.001], antral follicular count of both ovaries (8.01±4.04, 11.46±4.40, 13.55±4.73, 16.08±5.08, P<0.001), number of transfer embryos (1.74±0.44, 1.73±0.45, 1.69±0.46, 1.66±0.47, P<0.001), developmental days of transfer embryos (cleavage embryos/blastocysts) (85.49%/14.51%, 76.42%/23.58%, 69.55%/30.45%, 65.79%/34.21%, P<0.001), type of transfer cycles (fresh transfer/frozen transfer) (75.08%/24.92%, 71.15%/28.85%, 57.79%/42.21%, 39.46%/60.54%, P<0.001) and early pregnancy loss rate (22.12%, 12.25%, 12.76%, 15.64%, P<0.001) among the four groups, while the body mass index, type of infertility and type of fertilization were comparable (all P>0.05). 2) After adjusting for confounding factors, group A was set as control group in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the early pregnancy loss rate was significantly lower in group B (adjusted OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.46-0.79, P<0.001) and group C (adjusted OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.51-0.97, P=0.033) for the total women. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis according to age sub-groups showed that the early pregnancy loss rates of group B (adjusted OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.30-0.71, P<0.001), group C (adjusted OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.39-0.98, P=0.041) and group D (adjusted OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.33-0.93, P=0.026) were significantly lower than those in group A for women no more than 35 years old, while the early pregnancy rates were comparable among the four groups for women aged 35 years or above (all P>0.05). The curve fitting analysis found that the relationship between AMH and early pregnancy loss was a curve line. The early pregnancy loss rate was decreased with the increasing of AMH level and gradually plateaued. Conclusion:For the first embryo transfer cycles, AMH level has some effects on the early pregnancy loss for women no more than 35 years old.

Objective:To explore the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) on early pregnancy loss after first embryo transfer during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods:A total of 3973 women with positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after first embryo transfer from July 2016 to June 2019 in Reproductive Medical Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were categorized into four groups according to AMH levels: group A (AMH≤1.97 μg/L), group B (1.97 μg/L5.41 μg/L). Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis and curve fitting analysis were used to investigate the effect of AMH level on early pregnancy loss rate.Results:1) The total early pregnancy loss rate of the first transfer cycle was 15.71% (624/3973).There were significant differences in AMH level [(1.21±0.50) μg/L, (2.63±0.38) μg/L, (4.26±0.60) μg/L, (8.26±2.78) μg/L, P<0.001], age [(32.35±5.00) years, (30.77±4.24) years, (29.90±3.96) years, (29.35±3.85) years, P<0.001], antral follicular count of both ovaries (8.01±4.04, 11.46±4.40, 13.55±4.73, 16.08±5.08, P<0.001), number of transfer embryos (1.74±0.44, 1.73±0.45, 1.69±0.46, 1.66±0.47, P<0.001), developmental days of transfer embryos (cleavage embryos/blastocysts) (85.49%/14.51%, 76.42%/23.58%, 69.55%/30.45%, 65.79%/34.21%, P<0.001), type of transfer cycles (fresh transfer/frozen transfer) (75.08%/24.92%, 71.15%/28.85%, 57.79%/42.21%, 39.46%/60.54%, P<0.001) and early pregnancy loss rate (22.12%, 12.25%, 12.76%, 15.64%, P<0.001) among the four groups, while the body mass index, type of infertility and type of fertilization were comparable (all P>0.05). 2) After adjusting for confounding factors, group A was set as control group in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the early pregnancy loss rate was significantly lower in group B (adjusted OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.46-0.79, P<0.001) and group C (adjusted OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.51-0.97, P=0.033) for the total women. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis according to age sub-groups showed that the early pregnancy loss rates of group B (adjusted OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.30-0.71, P<0.001), group C (adjusted OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.39-0.98, P=0.041) and group D (adjusted OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.33-0.93, P=0.026) were significantly lower than those in group A for women no more than 35 years old, while the early pregnancy rates were comparable among the four groups for women aged 35 years or above (all P>0.05). The curve fitting analysis found that the relationship between AMH and early pregnancy loss was a curve line. The early pregnancy loss rate was decreased with the increasing of AMH level and gradually plateaued. Conclusion:For the first embryo transfer cycles, AMH level has some effects on the early pregnancy loss for women no more than 35 years old.

Objective To explore the value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and age in predicting outcomes of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment. Methods In this retrospective study, 6 328 Chinese patients who underwent the first in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer treatment in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital between July 2016 and July 2018 were analyzed. All the patients were categorized into two groups according to pregnancy or not. Baseline data and outcomes of two groups were compared. The regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent factors of clinical pregnancy rates. Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed between AMH and other factors. Results (1) The total clinical pregnancy rate was 56.86% (3 547/6 238). Age, AMH, basal FSH, antral follicle number (AFC), starting dose of gonadotropin (Gn), total doses of Gn, duration of Gn, number of oocytes, transferable cleavage embryos and transferred embryos were significantly different (all P<0.01). (2) Correlation analysis showed that AMH had significant passive correlation with age, basal FSH, starting dose of Gn and total doses of Gn (all P<0.01), while showed significant positive correlation with AFC, body mass index, duration of Gn, number of oocytes and transferable cleavage embryos (all P<0.01). Of all the factors, AMH had the strongest correlation with AFC (P<0.01). (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age was the independent influencing factor of clinical pregnancy rate ( OR=0.938, 95%CI : 0.824-0.952, P<0.01), while AMH not ( OR=1.004, 95%CI : 0.984-1.024, P=0.687). In the subgroups according to age, the advanced group (age>35 years old) had lower clinical pregnancy rate and higher cancellation rate for no available embryos. Conclusions AMH has no predictive value of clinical pregnancy outcomes for patients with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer treatment, while age has certain predictive value of pregnancy outcomes. AMH level may have indictive value for the evaluation of ovarian reserve.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of open reduction plate screw nail internal fixed and minimally invasive elastic intramedullary nail internal fixation combined with neck strap suspension for treating adult humeral shaft fracture . Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 65 patients with humeral shaft fracture in our hospital from March 2012 to March 2014 ,including 38 cases of open reduction plate screw internal fixation (plate screw nail fixation group) and 27 cases of limited open or closed reduction elastic intramedullary nail internal fixation combined with neck strap suspension (elastic intramedullary nail group) .The operation time ,intraoperative blood loss amount ,iatrogenic radial nerve injury ,occurrence rate of incision infection ,postoperative fracture reduction degree ,fracture recovery time and elbow joint function score were compared be‐tween the two groups .Results The operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume in the elastic intramedullary nail group were less than those in the plate screw nail fixation group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05);the postoperative frac‐ture healing rate had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0 .05) ,the postoperative shoulder and elbow joint function scores in the plate screw nail group were significantly higher than those in the elastic intramedullary nail group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .No serious nerve damage ,incision infection and other postoperative complications occurred in the two groups .Conclusion Both the open reduction plate screw nail internal fixation and elastic intramedullary nail in‐ternal fixation are effective method for treating adult humeral shaft fracture ,the latter has shorter operation time ,less intraoperative bleeding ,but shoulder elbow pain and limitation of motion are more serious than the former .

Objective To observe the different behavior of proliferation and cell cycle of MCF-7 cells when exposured to ropivacaine of different concentrations and further explore its underlying mechanism.Methods Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were inoculated into culture medium for 24 h,then were randomly divided into four groups:Control group(group C),Ropivacaine 100 μg/ml group(group R1 ),Ropivacaine 200 μg/ml group(group R2),Ropivacaine 400 μg/ml group(group R3).We medicated each group and incubated for 48 h,then detected the cell proliferation and cell cy-cle immediately.The level of protein TCF-4 and beta-catein of groups R3 and C were measured at the same time.Results MCF-7 cell viability of groups R2 and R3 was significantly lowed (P <0.05 ), MCF-7 cell viability of group R1 had no significant difference when compared to group C.G0/G1 phase cells of groups R1,R2 and R3 were significantly less than those of group C,S phase cells of groups R1,R2 and R3 were significantly more than group C,G2/M phase cells of groups R1,R2 and R3 were significantly more than group C (P <0.05).The expression level of TCF-4 and beta-catenin in group R3 was significantly lower than that in group C (P <0.05).Conclusion Ropivacaine inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 by down-regulating TCF-4 and beta-cateni.