This paper systematically reviews the phased development history of spacesuit technology across various nations,analyzes its core technologies and breakthroughs,points out the limitations of current spacesuit technology,and explores future directions for spacesuit development in response to deep-space exploration and commercialization demands.It clarifies that spacesuits are transitioning from passive protective gear to intelligent operational platforms,requiring interdisciplinary innovations to overcome key challenges such as lightweight design,adaptive systems,high reliability,and efficient human-machine interaction.

Ripple structure is widely used in space suits,and the predicted trajectory motion is realized according to its large deformation behavior.Due to the complexity of irregular bellows structure,the existing researches are mostly based on the display dynamic method,and lack the systematic analysis of geometric nonlinearity and the effect of shell section thickness under the framework of statics.This study combines statics and arc length method(Riks),introduces linear buckling mode defects,and analyzes the ultimate bending behavior of irregular bellows with different shell thicknesses.It is concluded that the thick-shell model exhibits higher apparent deformation tolerance due to geometric softening effect,and the contact force distribution between ripples can be accurately extracted by static analysis,which provides a basis for the inversion of external force loads.The deformation mode of bellows after introducing defects based on statics-Riks is proposed,and the control mechanism of shell section thickness on deformation path is revealed.

As a pharmaceutical excipient with low caloric value, low hygroscopicity, and high stability, mannitol is widely used in various dosage forms, such as solid, lyophilized and inhalation preparations, etc. It has different crystal structures (α, β and δ) and cocrystal, and the changes in the crystal structure will affect formulation properties of pharmaceutical formulations. This paper reviews structural features, physicochemical properties, and preparation methods of mannitol polymorphs and cocrystal formation, with emphasis on polymorphic transformation pathways, monitoring methods and the effect of polymorphic transformation on properties and application in pharmaceutical formulations, including tabletability, disintegration and dissolution properties. By systematically summarizing the crystallographic study of mannitol, this study attempts to provide new ideas for the development of novel pharmaceutical excipients and applications in pharmaceutical formulations.

As a pharmaceutical excipient with low caloric value, low hygroscopicity, and high stability, mannitol is widely used in various dosage forms, such as solid, lyophilized and inhalation preparations, etc. It has different crystal structures (α, β and δ) and cocrystal, and the changes in the crystal structure will affect formulation properties of pharmaceutical formulations. This paper reviews structural features, physicochemical properties, and preparation methods of mannitol polymorphs and cocrystal formation, with emphasis on polymorphic transformation pathways, monitoring methods and the effect of polymorphic transformation on properties and application in pharmaceutical formulations, including tabletability, disintegration and dissolution properties. By systematically summarizing the crystallographic study of mannitol, this study attempts to provide new ideas for the development of novel pharmaceutical excipients and applications in pharmaceutical formulations.

Objective To draw the genome-wide distribution and remodeling characteristics of H3K27me3 silencers in signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach(SRCC)through epigenetic sequencing technology,and to investigate their roles in transcriptional regulation in order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of SRCC malignant progression.Methods The study was conducted on 35 gastric samples obtained by gastroendoscopic biopsy(15 normal and 20 SRCC tissues)from Department of Gastroenterology of Army Medical Center of PLA between January 2021 and December 2023.Multi-omics analyses,including assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing(ATAC-seq),cleavage under targets and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)and transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq),were performed to identify chromatin accessibility,H3K27me3 silencer regions,and transcriptional changes,with aid of Illumina NovaSeq 6000.H3K27me3 related differentially expressed genes(|Log2FC|>1,FDR<0.05)were screened using DESeq2.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis were employed to analyze the enrichment function,and Homer was employed to identify transcription factor motifs.A regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape,and then validated using immunohistochemistry to explore its regulatory mechanism.Results H3K27me3 silencers were primarily located in distal intergenic regions(37.06%)in SRCC.Compared with the normal tissues,SRCC showed a significant reduction in H3K27me3 silencer signals(95%CI:1.34～2.30,P=0.007)with 6 257 lost sites(FDR<0.01).Integrating CUT&Tag and RNA-seq revealed 380 up-regulated immune-related genes,particularly in T cell receptor signaling(OR=4.2,95%CI:2.8～6.3,P=0.002).Immunohistochemistry confirmed elevated expression of transcription factor EHF(P<0.05).Conclusion There is the remodeling of H3K27me3 silencers in SRCC,and EHF may potentially play a crucial role in the SRCC malignant progression.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse events of disposable hemoperfusion devices in real-world clinical practice using multicenter data,and to investigate the influencing factors of hypotension,providing evidence for the safe clinical use of these devices.Methods An observational study was conducted involving patients who received disposable hemoperfusion therapy across 17 sentinel hospitals in China from June 2022 to July 2024.Device-related adverse events were monitored and analyzed.Descriptive statistics,Firth's Logistic regression model,and balanced random forest model were applied to systematically evaluate the manifestations of adverse events and the risk factors for the occurrence of hypotension.Results A total of 17,824 usage records were included.In the sentinel hospital data,hypotension[0.19％,95％CI(0.14％,0.27％)]and hemoperfusion occlusion[0.13％,95％CI(0.09％,0.19％)]occupied the highest incidence rate.The Firth's Logistic regression analysis revealed that end-stage renal disease with comorbidities significantly increased hypotension risk(OR=77.324),while no prior medical history was protective(OR=0.061).Stepwise blood purification modalities(hemoperfusion alone or sequential hemoperfusion-hemodialysis)significantly reduced the hypotension risk compared with simultaneous hemoperfusion and hemodialysis(OR=0.003).The random forest model further confirmed that blood purification modality was the strongest influencing factor for hypotension.Conclusion In real-world clinical settings,hypotension and device occlusion were the predominant adverse events,with blood purification modality critically influencing hypotension risk.Stepwise blood purification is recommended to mitigate this risk.Enhancing clinical operating procedures and device design is essential to improve overall treatment safety.

Objective To construct a risk prediction model for delayed medical treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 219 patients with AMI who were hospitalized in Yancheng Third People's Hospital from March 2023 to May 2024 as investigation objects.The patients with AMI were divided into delayed group(n=106)and undelayed group(n=1 13)with the 6-hour interval.Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a risk prediction model for AMI patients with delayed medical treatment.Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the goodness of fit and prediction ability of the model.Results Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age,unknown heart disease at the time of onset,first chest pain and low score of brief health literacy screen were all risk factors for delayed medical treatment in AMI patients(P＜0.05).The model predicted that the area under the curve of AMI patients with delayed hospitalization was 0.771,the Youden index was 0.562,the optimal cutoff value was 0.514,and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.3％and 86.5％,respectively.Conclusion The constructed risk prediction model can effectively predict and screen the high-risk groups of AMI patients with delayed medical treatment,reduce the risk of AMI patients with delayed medical treatment,and provide a scientific basis for taking reasonable intervention measures to shorten the time of medical treatment for AMI patients.

Objective:To explore the expression of nectin-4 and vanin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and its influence on the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC cells,as well as the underlying mechanisms.Methods:Transcriptome sequencing combined with GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to identify the downstream target gene(vanin-1)regulated by nectin-4.The mRNA expression of vanin-1 in ESCC tissues was studied using the Timer2.0 database,and the mRNA and protein expression of vanin-1 in normal esophageal epithelial HET-1 and ESCC cells was detected by qPCR and Western blot,identifying ESCC KYSE-410 and KYSE-510 cells with the most significant differential expression.The expression of vanin-1 in KYSE-410 and KYSE-510 cells was knocked down using siRNA.The effects of vanin-1 knockdown on cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were measured using CCK-8 assay,wound healing assay,and Transwell chamber assay.Furthermore,KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were conducted for vanin-1-related signaling pathways.Immunohistochemistry was performed to compare the expression of vanin-1 between ESCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues.Results:Timer2.0 database analysis and qPCR results showed that vanin-1 was highly expressed in both ESCC tissues and cell lines(both P<0.01).WB assay also confirmed high expression of vanin-1 protein in ESCC cells(P<0.01).siRNA successfully knocked down vanin-1 expression in KYSE-410 and KYSE-510 cells.Knockdown of vanin-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities of KYSE-410 and KYSE-510 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01 or P<0.001 or P<0.000 1).KEGG and GO enrichment analysis suggested that vanin-1 might function through pathways related to pantothenic acid and coenzyme A synthesis metabolism.Immunohistochemistry results indicated that vanin-1 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues(P<0.000 1).Conclusion:Vanin-1 is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of KYSE-410 and KYSE-510 cells through the nectin-4/vanin-1 axis.Targeting vanin-1 might offer a new therapeutic strategy for ESCC.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse events of disposable hemoperfusion devices in real-world clinical practice using multicenter data,and to investigate the influencing factors of hypotension,providing evidence for the safe clinical use of these devices.Methods An observational study was conducted involving patients who received disposable hemoperfusion therapy across 17 sentinel hospitals in China from June 2022 to July 2024.Device-related adverse events were monitored and analyzed.Descriptive statistics,Firth's Logistic regression model,and balanced random forest model were applied to systematically evaluate the manifestations of adverse events and the risk factors for the occurrence of hypotension.Results A total of 17,824 usage records were included.In the sentinel hospital data,hypotension[0.19％,95％CI(0.14％,0.27％)]and hemoperfusion occlusion[0.13％,95％CI(0.09％,0.19％)]occupied the highest incidence rate.The Firth's Logistic regression analysis revealed that end-stage renal disease with comorbidities significantly increased hypotension risk(OR=77.324),while no prior medical history was protective(OR=0.061).Stepwise blood purification modalities(hemoperfusion alone or sequential hemoperfusion-hemodialysis)significantly reduced the hypotension risk compared with simultaneous hemoperfusion and hemodialysis(OR=0.003).The random forest model further confirmed that blood purification modality was the strongest influencing factor for hypotension.Conclusion In real-world clinical settings,hypotension and device occlusion were the predominant adverse events,with blood purification modality critically influencing hypotension risk.Stepwise blood purification is recommended to mitigate this risk.Enhancing clinical operating procedures and device design is essential to improve overall treatment safety.

Objective To construct a risk prediction model for delayed medical treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 219 patients with AMI who were hospitalized in Yancheng Third People's Hospital from March 2023 to May 2024 as investigation objects.The patients with AMI were divided into delayed group(n=106)and undelayed group(n=1 13)with the 6-hour interval.Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a risk prediction model for AMI patients with delayed medical treatment.Hosmer-Lemeshow test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the goodness of fit and prediction ability of the model.Results Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age,unknown heart disease at the time of onset,first chest pain and low score of brief health literacy screen were all risk factors for delayed medical treatment in AMI patients(P＜0.05).The model predicted that the area under the curve of AMI patients with delayed hospitalization was 0.771,the Youden index was 0.562,the optimal cutoff value was 0.514,and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.3％and 86.5％,respectively.Conclusion The constructed risk prediction model can effectively predict and screen the high-risk groups of AMI patients with delayed medical treatment,reduce the risk of AMI patients with delayed medical treatment,and provide a scientific basis for taking reasonable intervention measures to shorten the time of medical treatment for AMI patients.