The central amygdala (CeA) is a crucial modulator of emotional, behavioral, and autonomic functions, including cardiovascular responses. Despite its importance, the specific circuit by which the CeA modulates blood pressure remains insufficiently explored. Our investigations demonstrate that photostimulation of GABAergic neurons in the centromedial amygdala (CeM^GABA), as opposed to those in the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), produces a depressor response in both anesthetized and freely-moving mice. In addition, activation of CeM^GABA axonal terminals projecting to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) significantly reduces blood pressure. These CeM^GABA neurons form synaptic connections with NTS neurons, allowing for the modulation of cardiovascular responses by influencing the caudal or rostral ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, CeM^GABA neurons targeting the NTS receive dense inputs from the CeL. Consequently, stimulation of CeM^GABA neurons elicits hypotension through the CeM-NTS circuit, offering deeper insights into the cardiovascular responses associated with emotions and behaviors.
Animals ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology* ; Male ; Central Amygdaloid Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Hypotension/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Solitary Nucleus/physiology* ; Photic Stimulation ; Neural Pathways/physiology*

Objective:To compare the imaging quality and metabolic quantitative parameters of pulmonary nodules between Q. Flex whole information five-dimensional (5D) and conventional three-dimensional (3D) PET/CT imaging for clinical evaluation.Methods:Fifty-four patients (30 males, 24 females, age: 60(42, 75) years; 78 solid pulmonary nodules (maximum diameter≤3 cm) with abnormal uptake of 18F-FDG) from Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital between June 2022 and August 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent 5D scanning and 3D, 5D reconstruction. Image quality scores, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), SUV max, SUV mean and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of pulmonary nodules of 5D group and 3D group were evaluated and compared with χ2 test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Correlation of quantitative parameters between 2 groups were analyzed by using Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results:Thirty-five of 78(45%) pulmonary nodules with image quality score≥4 were found in 5D group, which were more than those in 3D group (22/78(28%); χ2=4.67, P=0.031). Meanwhile, SNR, SUV max, SUV mean, and MTV were significantly positively correlated between the 2 groups ( rs values: 0.86, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.95, all P<0.001). SNR, SUV max and SUV mean of pulmonary nodules in 5D group were significantly higher than those in 3D group, which were 37.46(18.42, 62.00) vs 32.72(16.97, 54.76) ( z=-4.07, P<0.001), 9.71(5.48, 13.82) vs 8.96(4.82, 12.63) ( z=-3.05, P<0.001) and 6.30(3.39, 8.94) vs 5.61(2.99, 7.63)( z=-4.07, P<0.001) respectively. MTV of pulmonary nodules in 5D group was significantly lower than that in 3D group, which was 1.72(0.66, 2.74) cm 3vs 1.98(1.06, 4.63) cm 3 ( z=-7.13, P<0.001). Quantitative parameters of lower lung field and nodules with maximum diameters of >10 mm and ≤20 mm based on 5D scanning changed most significantly compared with those based on 3D scanning ( z values: from -5.23 to -2.48, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Q. Flex 5D PET significantly improves the quantitative accuracy of SUV and MTV of pulmonary nodules, and the improvement of image quality is substantial without increasing the radiation dose, which has clinical practical value.

OBJECTIVETo probe the clinical and pathological characteristics of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL).

METHODSThe pathologically confirmed 14 cases of NLPHL patients (since January 2001 to December 2012) were collected from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital. The laboratory examinations' results, clinical manifestations, short-term and long-term outcomes of these cases were analyzed in this study.

RESULTSThe immunohistochemistry of all cases showed CD20 (+)/weak (+) and CD30 (-), most of them CD15 (-). The morbidity of NLPHL during the same period of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) was around 6.3%. The median age was 38 (13-54) years old, 92.9% of the patients sought medical advice according to self-feeling of superficial lymph nodes. All patients' disease progressed slowly and the sizes of lymph nodes were within 3 cm. Of the 14 patients, 7 patients were treated with chemotherapy and 7 patients chemoradiotherapy. The treatment results showed CR+CRu rate as 85.7% and ORR 100.0%. The rates of 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 85.7% and 100.0% respectively. Short and long term efficacies between chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy had no significant differences. Meanwhile, varieties chemotherapy regimens showed no significant effects on short- and long-term efficacies (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe pathologically confirmed 14 cases of NLPHL had the classical and tumorous maxi cell, which showed CD20 (+)/weak (+) and CD30 (-), very few cases showed weak CD15 (+). The incidence of NLPHL was low. The majority of the NLPHL patients were middle-aged and youth. Moreover, the better short- and long-term outcomes over classical HL ones were observed regardless of patients' stage.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult