Liver cancer imposes a substantial global disease burden.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),as the primary pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounts for approximately 90％of all cases.As a minimally invasive treatment,thermal ablation causes minimal impact on liver function and trauma,serving as the first-line treatment option for early-stage HCC patients unsuit-able for surgical resection.However,clinical data indicate that 5-year recurrence rate of HCC pa-tients after thermal ablation treatment is as high as 50％～70％,and incomplete ablation remains a core factor leading to recurrence.Therefore,exploring and optimizing complete ablation strategies has become a critical direction for improving the efficacy of thermal ablation in HCC and enhanc-ing long-term survival rates of patients.This paper systematically reviews the current applications of thermal ablation in HCC treatment and focuses on discussing key technologies and strategies for achieving complete ablation,with the aim of providing theoretical foundations and technical refer-ences for improving the complete ablation rate of thermal ablation in clinical practice and formu-lating personalized diagnosis and treatment plans.

Liver cancer imposes a substantial global disease burden.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),as the primary pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounts for approximately 90％of all cases.As a minimally invasive treatment,thermal ablation causes minimal impact on liver function and trauma,serving as the first-line treatment option for early-stage HCC patients unsuit-able for surgical resection.However,clinical data indicate that 5-year recurrence rate of HCC pa-tients after thermal ablation treatment is as high as 50％～70％,and incomplete ablation remains a core factor leading to recurrence.Therefore,exploring and optimizing complete ablation strategies has become a critical direction for improving the efficacy of thermal ablation in HCC and enhanc-ing long-term survival rates of patients.This paper systematically reviews the current applications of thermal ablation in HCC treatment and focuses on discussing key technologies and strategies for achieving complete ablation,with the aim of providing theoretical foundations and technical refer-ences for improving the complete ablation rate of thermal ablation in clinical practice and formu-lating personalized diagnosis and treatment plans.

Photothermal therapy has been intensively investigated for treating cancer in recent years. However, the long-term therapeutic outcome remains unsatisfying due to the frequently occurred metastasis and recurrence. To address this challenge, immunotherapy has been combined with photothermal therapy to activate anti-tumor immunity and relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment within tumor sites. Here, we engineered silica-based core‒shell nanoparticles (JQ-1@PSNs-R), in which silica cores were coated with the photothermal agent polydopamine, and a bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ-1 was loaded in the polydopamine layer to combine photothermal and immune therapy for tumor elimination. Importantly, to improve the therapeutic effect, we increased the surface roughness of the nanoparticles by hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching during the fabrication process, and found that the internalization of JQ-1@PSNs-R was significantly improved, leading to a strengthened photothermal killing effect as well as the increased intracellular delivery of JQ-1. In the animal studies, the multifunctional nanoparticles with rough surfaces effectively eradicated melanoma via photothermal therapy, successfully activated tumor-specific immune responses against residual tumor cells, and further prevented tumor metastasis and recurrence. Our results indicated that JQ-1@PSNs-R could serve as an innovative and effective strategy for combined cancer therapy.

Lung cancer, as one of the malignant tumors with the fastest increasing morbidity and mortality in the world, has a serious impact on people's health. With the continuous advancement of medical technology, more and more medical methods are applied to lung cancer screening, which has gradually increased the detection rate of early lung cancer. At present, the standard operation for the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. There is a growing trend to use segmentectomy for the treatment of early stage lung cancer. Anatomical segmentectomy not only removes the lesions to the maximum extent, but also preserves the lung function to the greatest extent, and its advantages are also obvious. This article reviews the progress of anatomical segmentectomy in the treatment of early NSCLC.

Calibration ; Humans ; Radiometry ; Radiosurgery ; Radiotherapy Dosage

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin combined pantoprazole on inflammatory factors and gastrointestinal tract in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass ( CBP) cardiac surgery. Methods A total of 200 patients who suffered rheumatic heart disease were scheduled for valve replacement surgery with CPB, were randomly divided into four groups:control group (CON),ulinastatin (UTI),pantoprazole groups (PTZ) and ulinastatin+pantoprazole groups(UTI+PTZ),50 cases in each group.Before CBP,group UTI was given ulinastatin 10 000 U·kg-1,group PTZ was given pantoprazole 40 mg,group UTI+PTZ was given ulinastatin 10 000 U·kg-1and pantoprazole 40 mg,group CON was given 0.9% sodium chloride soution.The gastric mucosa pHi and blood samples would be collected in all four groups at the preoperative (t1),CPB 30 min (t2),after CBP (t3),6 h after surgery (t4),24 h (t5) five time points.The IL-6 and TNF-α would be detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method,and abdominal distension,abdominal pain,hematemesis,black and defecate occult blood test positive for digestive tract related complications would be collected after the surgery 1,2 days. Results The concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 at t2,t3, t4,t5were higher than those at t1in all four groups(P<0.05).Compared with CON group,the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 at t2, t3,t4,t5in UTI,PTZ and UTI+PTZ group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in UTI and UTI+PTZ group were better than in PTZ group.The pHi at t2,t3,t4was lower than that at t1in four groups(P<0.05),and pHi at t5 was obviously lower than that at t1in group CON (P<0.05).The pHi at t2,t3,t4in UTI,PTZ and UTI+PTZ group was higher than that in CON group ( P<0. 05), and pHi in UTI+PTZ group was better than that in UTI and PTZ group. The postoperative gastrointestinal complications in CON group were higher than those in UTI,PTZ and UTI+PTZ group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ulinastatin combined with pantoprazole for patients undergoing CPB heart surgery,can significantly reduce the release of TNF-α and IL-6、increase gastric pHi and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of CD34-positive and CD34-negative adult patients with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL),and to explore the value of CD34 expression for prognosis of patients with T-ALL.Methods 75 adult patients diagnosed with T-ALL from January 2012 to July 2015 in the Department of Hematology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,were analyzed retrospectively.According to the expression of CD34,the patients were divided into CD34-positive group and CD34-negative group,and then the clinical characteristics and prognosis of both groups were analyzed.Results In 75 patients,CD34-positive group had 24 (32.0 ％) patients and CD34-negative group had 51 (68.0 ％) patients.Between the two groups,there was no significant difference in these factors,such as sex,age,infiltration of liver,spleen and lymph nodes,thrombocytopenia,high white blood cell count,abnormal karyotype,complete remission within 4 weeks and central nervous system leukemia (CNSL).The proportions of patients with hemoglobin (Hb) ＜ 90 g/L and expression of myeloid lineage marker were higher in the CD34-positive group than those in the CD34-negative group (x2 =5.888,P=0.015;x2 =10.758,P =0.001,respectively).There were only 18 patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT),57 patients were not.In patients without HSCT,the median survival time in the CD34-positive group and CD34-negative group was significant different (5 months vs.32 months,x2 =9.172,P =0.002).Conclusions CD34 expression in adult patients with T-ALL appears to be associated with Hb ＜ 90 g/L and the expression of myeloid lineage markers.For the patients without HSCT,CD34 is likely negatively related with the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of purging fu-organs traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)therapy for treatment of patients with severe pneumonia and sthenia-heat. Methods According to random number table method,71 patients with sthenia-heat of severe pneumonia were divided into a treatment group (35 cases)and a control group(36 cases). Conventional basic treatment was given to both groups,and additionally, small chengqi decoction was applied nasogastrically for the therapy in treatment group for 2 weeks. The clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),Marshall score,integration score of TCM syndromes and the mortalities in 28 days and 60 days were used to compare the clinical efficacy of the two groups. Results With the prolongation of treatment,the CPIS,Marshall score and integration score of syndromes in the two groups were gradually decreased. In treatment group,CPIS and Marshall scores were lower than those of control group on the 4th day ,and there were statistically significant differences(CPIS score:5.8±1.7 vs. 6.8±1.9,Marshall score:5.3±2.3 vs. 6.6±2.7,both P<0.05);the above 2 scores in treatment group were also lower than those of control group on the 7th and 14th day after treatment(7th day CPIS score:5.3±1.5 vs. 5.6±1.4,Marshall score:5.1±1.9 vs. 5.7±1.8;14th day CPIS score:3.9±1.7 vs. 4.4±2.3,Marshall score:4.2±1.9 vs. 4.9±2.5),but there were no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05). In addition,the integration scores of syndromes were significantly decreased on the 4th, 7th and 14th day in the treatment group significantly lower than those in the control group(4th day:7.6±2.3 vs. 10.6±2.7,7th day:7.4±2.5 vs. 9.2±2.1,14th day:6.1±1.9 vs. 8.3±2.4,all P<0.05). However,there were no statistically significant differences in mortality rates in 28 days and 60 days respectively between control group and treatment group(28 days:16.7% vs. 11.4%,60 days:25.0% vs. 20.3%,both P>0.05). Conclusion Purging fu-organs therapy not only can decrease the CPIS and Marshall scores of patients with sthenia-heat of severe pneumonia,but also can improve their syndromes.

Objective To observe curative effect and clinical outcome in 30 recipients undergoing allogcneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) combined with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Methods 30 patients with a median age of 32.6 years underwent allo-HSCT, of which 11 patients with AML, 14 patients with ALL, and 5 patients with CML They all have a HLA-identical sibling. PBSCswere mobilized with G-CSF. Three hundreds milliliter bone marrow blood was transplanted to the patients on the day that the PBSC was transplanted. Amended Bu/Cy was used as the conditioning regimen. MTXcombined with CsA and MMF was used as GVHD prophylaxis. Results A median number of mononuclear cells of (5.13±2.6)x10~8/kg recipient's weight was collccted from peripheral blood, and (1.3±0.6)x10~8/kgrecipient' s weight from bone marrow blood. Engraftment of neutrophils and platelets was achieved at a median of (12.1±3.25) days and (14±5.33) clays respectively. Ⅰ - Ⅱ acute GVHD occurred in 40.0 % cases,Ⅲ - Ⅳ acute GVHD occurred in 3.3 % cases, and chronic GVHD developed in 43.3 % cases. Severe cGVHD developed in 3.3% cases. The 2 years disease free survival rate (DFS) by the day of transplantation was 72.0 %. Conclusion PBSCT combined with BMT was effective to cure leukemia. The results also suggested that PBSC recipients had an lower incidence of aGVHD and cGVHD as compared with previous reports.