Objective:To explore the possible of clinical application value after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Methods:The clinical outcomes of four cases with extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos on day 3 undergoing IVF-ET were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed.Results:Four cases successfully got pregnant after 12 days of transplantation of extremely low-grade embryos detected by human chorionic gonadotropin testing, and all of them were intrauterine singleton pregnancies. Finally these four patients had successful live births, and three of them were full-term delivery, one of them was delivery prematurely. All the babies were in the good health.Conclusion:There is still a degree of successful pregnancy and live birth rate after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos. If the quality of all the embryos was extremely low-grade on day 3, we can provide new attempts and choices for the patients who were often giving up embryos transfer.

Objective:To explore the possible of clinical application value after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Methods:The clinical outcomes of four cases with extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos on day 3 undergoing IVF-ET were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed.Results:Four cases successfully got pregnant after 12 days of transplantation of extremely low-grade embryos detected by human chorionic gonadotropin testing, and all of them were intrauterine singleton pregnancies. Finally these four patients had successful live births, and three of them were full-term delivery, one of them was delivery prematurely. All the babies were in the good health.Conclusion:There is still a degree of successful pregnancy and live birth rate after transferred with day 3 extremely low-grade cleavage-stage embryos. If the quality of all the embryos was extremely low-grade on day 3, we can provide new attempts and choices for the patients who were often giving up embryos transfer.

OBJECTIVETo explore the incidence and genotypes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene mutations among infertile patients in Shenzhen.

METHODSDNA samples from 851 infertile patients were tested for 25 G6PD gene mutation sites using a multiplex SNaPshot assay.

RESULTSThe incidence of G6PD gene mutations among infertile patients in Shenzhen was 17.63%. Male and female abnormal rates were 15.13% and 20.09% respectively. Most of the female abnormal cases were heterozygotes. Mutations involved 11 haplotypes in 10 sites. 1311C> T/IVS-11 93T> C was the most common mutation, accounting for 72.00% (108/150) abnormal cases. Forty three cases of missense mutations were detected, including 19 cases of 1376G> T, 9 cases of 1388G> A, 5 cases of 95A> G and 871G> A/1311C> T/IVS-11 93T> C, 1 case of 202G> A, 835A> T, 1360C> T, 1376G> T and 392G> T/1311C> T/IVS-11 93T> C.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of G6PD gene mutations among infertile patients in Shenzhen was high and the mutation types were various. Therefore, the G6PD deficiency genetic screening should be performed prior to assisted reproduction. This investigated results provided valuable basic data for genetic counseling, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility, Female ; ethnology ; genetics ; Infertility, Male ; ethnology ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation

Objective:To explore the role of CD86 costimulation in inducing Th2 bias at maternal-fetal interface and the relationship to outcomes of gestation.Methods:Pregnant DBA/2J mated CBA/J mice with a high embryo resorption rate from 20% to 30% and BALB/C mated CBA/J mice with low embryo resorption rates were studied,with rat anti-murine CD86 mAb administered intraperitoneally at the dosage of 100 ?g,at the time of implantation(day 4) and on the following days(6,8,10) of gestation.The competitive semiquantity RT-PCR and ELISA was applied to analysis of the transcription and expression of Th type-1/Th type-2 cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface at day 9 or day 14 of gestation respectively.The embryo resorption rate was counted at day 14 of gestation.Results:In the model of normal pregnancy,blockade of CD86 costimulation had no significant effects on the original Th2 bias at the maternal-fetal interface,and the outcomes of gestation had not changed significantly.While in the model of abortion-prone,blockade of CD86 costimulation successfully induced a Th2 bias at maternal-fetal interface.Therefore,the embryo resorbing rates decreased significantly.Conclusion:Blocking the CD86 costimulation at the early stage of the abortion-prone pregnancy could recover the physiological balance of Th1/Th2 at maternal-fetal interface and induce the maternal-fetal immune tolerance.