Objective To understand mosquito density, species composition, and seasonal variations around the Beijing Capital International Airport(BCIA)and provide scientific evidence for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control. Methods Meteorological data were collected from 2016 to 2022, and mosquito density was monitored at seven surveillance sites around the BCIA from May to October each year using CO2-baited mosquito traps to analyze the relationship between mosquito density and meteorological factors. Results In total,68 518 female mosquitoes were captured, with a mosquito density of 10.20 per light · hour. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens(73.90%), followed by Aedes albopictus(9.71%)and Ae. vexans(9.29%);the mosquito density was highest in 2016(14.8 per light·hour)and lowest in 2022(4.46 per light·hour). Significant statistical differences were observed in mosquito density among different species(F=18.118, P<0.05). The density of Cx. pipiens pallens and other mosquito species showed a mutually exclusive trend; the peak of mosquito density varied based on years and habitats, with significant statistical differences in mosquito density among different habitats(F=8.504, P<0.05). The highest mosquito density was observed near the Wenyu River(21.50 per light·hour), whereas the lowest was recorded at the BCIA construction site(2.44 per light· hour). The monthly average temperature(r=0.595), monthly average highest temperature(r=0.575), and monthly average lowest temperature(r=0.624)showed moderate positive correlations, whereas the monthly average air pressure(r=-0.484)showed a moderate negative correlation. The monthly average minimum temperature was included in the regression model(F=25.575, P<0.000), and the equation Y=1.029X4-8.181 was used. The monthly average air pressure 2 months prior(b=-2.418, β=-1.619, P<0.05)and the monthly average relative humidity(b=-0.739, β=-1.201, P<0.05)significantly negatively predicted the mosquito density. Notably, the regression equation used was y=2526.170+(-2.418)X9+(-0.739)X13. The exposure-response analysis revealed that the density of mosquitoes was not linearly related to the average monthly air pressure, rainfall, and duration of sunshine. Conclusions The dominant mosquito species around the BCIA was Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. vexans. During the control of Cx. pipiens pallens, the impact on other mosquito species must also be considered. Environmental management, breeding sites, and scientific use of pesticides should be prioritized based on the activity periods of mosquitoes. Further studies on mosquitoes and meteorological factors should be conducted to provide references and novel avenues for mosquito control.

Objective:To search,evaluate and integrate the best evidence of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of domestic and international operating room,so as to provide reference for clinical practice of equipment in electrical surgery of operating room.Methods:This study conducted a literature review for domestically and internationally support systems of clinical decision,guideline websites,websites of nursing professional association,and Chinese-English databases.A series of relative literatures of fire accident in electrical surgery of operating room were included,which focused on clinical decisions,guidelines,evidence summaries,systematic evaluations,and expert consensus.The search period covered from the establishment date of database to November 12,2024,and the included literatures only limited to be English and Chinese publications.Two researchers who received evidence-based training independently evaluated the quality of these literatures,and they extracted and integrated information meeting quality standards according to professional judgment.Results:A total of 4,807 literatures were obtained after preliminary search.Then,a total of 12 research literatures were included,including 1 clinical decision,4 guidelines,1 evidence summary,3 systematic reviews and 3 expert consensus.The 20 best evidences of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of operating room were summarized from three aspects:risk factors,risk assessment and preventive measures.Conclusion:The best evidence of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of operating room can provide evidence-based evidences for the standardized management for electrical surgery of operation room,and provide basis for formulating management plan of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of operation room,and for standardizing practice behavior of medical staffs.The evidence transformation should combined with actual clinical situation,and should reasonably select and prudently apply evidences.

Objective:To analyze the differences in routine blood tests and infection markers among elderly AIDS patients with other opportunistic infections, to explore their immune status and inflammatory responses, and to provide new molecular markers for clinical diagnosis.Methods:The study included general indicators, routine blood tests, and infection markers of older HIV patients with other opportunistic infections admitted to Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results:A total of 94 elderly AIDS patients with various opportunistic infections were included in this study.Among them, the majority were co-infected with tuberculosis, accounting for 60 cases(63.83%), followed by 23 cases(24.47%)of AIDS patients co-infected with syphilis.Additionally, there were 7 cases of AIDS co-infected with amoebiasis(7.45%)and 4 cases of AIDS co-infected with monkeypox(4.26%).Almost all cases of combined infections were male, with males comprising 91.3% of AIDS patients co-infected with syphilis and 100% in the other co-infected groups.There were 9 blood routine and infectious markers that exhibited significant differences between patients with HIV co-infected with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections.These markers included lymphocytes(LYM), hemoglobin(HGB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio( P<0.05).Specifically, the levels of LYM, HGB, T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio in elderly AIDS patients with tuberculosis were significantly lower than those in patients with other co-infections(all P<0.05).Conversely, the levels of inflammatory factors such as PCT, ESR, and CRP were notably higher in the former group(all P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis revealed that when LYM was utilized as an individual indicator for the differential diagnosis between AIDS patients with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections, the area under the curve(AUC)amounted to 0.832.However, the CRP/LYM ratio demonstrated the optimal diagnostic performance in differential diagnosis, with an AUC reaching 0.866. Conclusions:The immune function of elderly AIDS patients is further compromised following co-infection with tuberculosis, which is accompanied by a severe inflammatory response.The CRP/LYM ratio shows promise as a hematological molecular marker for differentiating between AIDS patients with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolide)(PLGA)is a key excipient in long-acting sustained-release preparations,and its degradation properties directly affect the drug release behavior.In this study,PLGA microspheres were prepared by microfluidic techniques,and the morphology changes of the microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In alkaline environment,due to the accelerated hydrolysis of ester bonds,the surface of the microspheres was rapidly dissolved and eroded,and the degradation rate was significantly higher than that in acidic environment.High temperature accelerated the degradation of PLGA microspheres.Under neutral and alkaline conditions,the microspheres showed aggregation and adhesion.Under acidic conditions,the microspheres gradually decomposed into irregular fragments.The high ionic strength further promoted the surface corrosion of the microspheres,especially under extreme pH conditions.Simultaneously,PLGA microspheres encapsulating coumarin were prepared to simulate the microsphere formulation.The release rate of coumarin after degradation of the microspheres under different conditions was observed by measuring the absorbance with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.The results were consistent with those of the blank microspheres.This study revealed that the degradation of PLGA microspheres was significantly pH-dependent,temperature sensitive and ion strength responsive.These findings not only helped to understand and optimize the long-term stability and controlled release performance of drug-carrying microspheres,but also provided a theoretical basis for further improvement of PLGA-based drug carrier design.

Oroxylin A (OA), a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, demonstrates preventive potential against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most prevalent cancer worldwide with increasing incidence. Utilizing SKH-1 hairless mice exposed to UVB, this study showed that OA delayed NMSC onset and alleviated acute skin damage. Mechanistic investigations revealed its dual action: inhibiting inflammation and enhancing nucleotide excision repair (NER) by stabilizing XPA, a crucial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair protein. This stabilization occurred through OA's interaction with glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), which disrupted murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-mediated XPA ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. By maintaining XPA levels, OA expedited photoproduct clearance and diminished genomic instability, ultimately impeding NMSC development. These findings suggest OA as a promising chemopreventive agent targeting the GRP94/MDM2-XPA axis to counteract UVB-induced carcinogenesis.
Animals ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects* ; Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Flavonoids/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein/genetics* ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics* ; DNA Repair/drug effects* ; Scutellaria baicalensis/chemistry* ; Mice, Hairless ; Skin/radiation effects*

Objective:To search,evaluate and integrate the best evidence of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of domestic and international operating room,so as to provide reference for clinical practice of equipment in electrical surgery of operating room.Methods:This study conducted a literature review for domestically and internationally support systems of clinical decision,guideline websites,websites of nursing professional association,and Chinese-English databases.A series of relative literatures of fire accident in electrical surgery of operating room were included,which focused on clinical decisions,guidelines,evidence summaries,systematic evaluations,and expert consensus.The search period covered from the establishment date of database to November 12,2024,and the included literatures only limited to be English and Chinese publications.Two researchers who received evidence-based training independently evaluated the quality of these literatures,and they extracted and integrated information meeting quality standards according to professional judgment.Results:A total of 4,807 literatures were obtained after preliminary search.Then,a total of 12 research literatures were included,including 1 clinical decision,4 guidelines,1 evidence summary,3 systematic reviews and 3 expert consensus.The 20 best evidences of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of operating room were summarized from three aspects:risk factors,risk assessment and preventive measures.Conclusion:The best evidence of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of operating room can provide evidence-based evidences for the standardized management for electrical surgery of operation room,and provide basis for formulating management plan of preventing fire accident in electrical surgery of operation room,and for standardizing practice behavior of medical staffs.The evidence transformation should combined with actual clinical situation,and should reasonably select and prudently apply evidences.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of weight gain in the mid and late pregnancy of women with early pregnancy weight loss, and the relationship between weight gain and weight gain rate before the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and GDM.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 2 614 singleton pregnant women who underwent prenatal care and delivered at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2014 to December 2021, and whose weight decreased compared to pre-pregnancy weight by 16 weeks of gestation. The rate of weight gain in mid and late pregnancy, also weight gain and weight gain rate at each stage were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of total weight gain and weight gain rate at each stage before the diagnosis of GDM on the risk of GDM.Results:The rates of weight gain in mid and late pregnancy for women with early pregnancy weight loss who were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese before pregnancy were (0.60±0.15), (0.59±0.18), (0.53±0.20), and (0.42±0.20) kg/week, respectively, all higher than the "Chinese Recommended Standards for Weight Gain During Pregnancy" [which are (0.37-0.56), (0.26-0.48), (0.22-0.37), and (0.15-0.30) kg/week, respectively]. The weight gain rates at each stage of mid and late pregnancy in women with early pregnancy weight loss showed a "bimodal" trend, with the first peak in weight gain rate occurring at 16-20 or 20-24 weeks of gestation [weight gain rates for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women before pregnancy were 0.75 kg/week (0.44-1.00 kg/week), 0.74 kg/week (0.50-1.00 kg/week), 0.63 kg/week (0.39-0.86 kg/week), and 0.50 kg/week (0.25-0.74 kg/week), respectively] and the second peak occurring at 28-32 weeks [weight gain rates for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women before pregnancy were 0.63 kg/week (0.50-1.00 kg/week), 0.63 kg/week (0.38- 0.88 kg/week), 0.60 kg/week (0.25-0.88 kg/week), and 0.50 kg/week (0.22-0.75 kg/week). As of 28 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation, 53.7% (1 404/2 614) and 77.4% (1 946/2 512) of pregnant women, respectively, reached the lower limit of the recommended weight gain for the corresponding gestational weeks. No association was found between insufficient weight gain ( aOR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.639-1.071, P=0.151) or excessive weight gain ( aOR=0.936, 95% CI: 0.598-1.465, P=0.773) before the diagnosis of GDM and the risk of GDM. However, obese women with a weight loss greater than 5% of their pre-pregnancy weight in early pregnancy and a rapid weight gain rate (> P 75) between 16-20 weeks of gestation had an increased risk of developing GDM ( aOR=32.870, 95% CI: 1.625-664.775, P=0.023). Conclusions:In clinical practice, dynamic monitoring of weight changes at various stages of pregnancy in women who lose weight in early pregnancy is recommended. Targeted weight management during mid-pregnancy for women who are obese before pregnancy and experience significant weight loss in early pregnancy may help prevent excessive gestational weight gain and decrease the risk of GDM.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective:To explore differences in the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in patients with myelofibrosis by age and to identify prognostic factors by analyzing clinical features and characteristics of chromosomes and gene mutations.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 188 patients with myelofibrosis who received ruxolitinib in the Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University from January 1, 2017, to July 1, 2024. According to age at diagnosis, the patients were divided into the middle-aged group (≤55 years), young elderly group (56-65 years), and elderly group (>65 years). Clinical features, the characteristics of chromosomes and gene mutations, and the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib treatment were compared across the three age groups. Independent factors influencing overall survival were identified through Cox proportional risk regression analysis.Results:Before treatment, the elderly group had more underlying comorbidities, a heavier symptom burden, higher leukocyte count, higher proportion and frequency of JAK2 mutations, and lower proportion of CALR mutations. The incidence of nondriver gene mutations was significantly higher in the young elderly group. After ruxolitinib treatment, the degree of reduction in spleen size did not differ significantly among the three groups. The length of the palpable spleen below the left costal margin reduced by more than 50% from baseline in 50.9% (27/53) of the patients in the middle-aged group, 43.5% (27/62) in the young elderly group, and 45.5% (20/44) in the elderly group ( P=0.720). No significant difference was observed among the three groups in the degree of reduction in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (10-item version) score ( P=0.153), with a reduction in total symptom score by more than 50% achieved by 54.0% (27/50), 60.3% (41/68), and 66.7% (34/51) of the patients from the three groups, respectively ( P=0.429). The most common hematological adverse events were anemia and thrombocytopenia, while the most common nonhematological adverse events were electrolyte disturbance, elevated transaminase activity, and pulmonary infection. Multivariate analysis indicated that in ruxolitinib-treated patients with myelofibrosis, poor overall survival was independently predicted by increased age, reduced hemoglobin, percentage of bone marrow blasts ≥ 1%, absence of JAK2 mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, ≥2 high-molecular-risk mutations, and TP53 mutations. Conclusions:Patients with myelofibrosis stratified by age exhibited heterogeneous clinical features and gene mutation profiles but similar efficacy of ruxolitinib treatment and occurrence of adverse events.