Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Objectives:The study assessed the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)and the rapid progression of coronary non-target lesions.Methods:A total of 1 247 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent two coronary angiography examinations at Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2010 and September 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study.The AIP is defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the concentrations of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Patients were divided into the high AIP group(n=623)and the low AIP group(n=624)based on the median value of AIP.Lesion rapid progression is defined as an increase of more than 10%in the lumen stenosis of the lesion with a stenosis rate of more than 50%,or an increase of more than 30%in the lumen stenosis rate of the lesion with a stenosis rate of less than 50%,or a progression to total occlusion within 2 years.Results:Median AIP was 0.39(0.23-0.56)in this patient cohort.Rapid progression of non-target lesions occurred in 65(5.21%),including 42(6.74%)in the high AIP group.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative incidence of rapid progression of non-target lesions was higher in the high AIP group than in the low AIP group(HR=1.751,95%CI:1.053-2.912,log-rank P=0.028).In univariate cox analysis,the AIP and high AIP correlated with rapid progression of non-target lesions.After multivariate adjustment,AIP was an independent risk factor for rapid progression of non-target lesions(adjusted HR=2.731,95%CI:1.090-6.844,P=0.032).Conclusions:AIP is an independent risk factor for rapid progression of non-target lesions.AIP should be considered as a biomarker for estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease,along with other traditional risk factors.

Molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)of colchicine(COL)were prepared by precipitation polymerization with COL as template,methacrylic acid(MAA)as monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)as crosslinking agent,azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)as initiator and chloroform as porogen.The basic structure of the prepared MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectrometry,and the adsorption properties of MIPs were evaluated by kinetic adsorption,isothermal adsorption and selective adsorption experiments.The results indicated that the prepared MIPs had uniform particles size,with a maximum adsorption capacity of 62.61 mg/g for COL and an imprinting factor of 3.74,and was suitable for sample pretreatment in determination of COL blood concentration,enabling the enrichment and separation of trace or even ultra-trace target components,thereby improving analytical capabilities.

Objective To construct an aptamer-functionalized carboxylated graphene oxide(CGO)fluo-rescent sensor to achieve highly sensitive and specific detection of ketamine(KET)and its metabolite norketamine(NK)using an aptamer capable of simultaneously recognizing KET and NK.Methods A specific aptamer for simultaneous recognition of KET and NK was screened using graphene oxide-sys-tematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment(GO-SELEX)and molecular docking tech-niques.The aptamer,labeled with Cy5 fluorescence,was chemically conjugated to CGO to construct an aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor.By optimizing detection conditions,including the mass concentration of CGO,aptamer concentration,reaction temperature,and incubation time,quantita-tive analysis of the target analytes was achieved using the ratio of fluorescence intensity changes be-fore and after target addition.The stability of the sensor in biological matrices was evaluated by moni-toring fluorescence intensity changes over incubation time in blank blood and urine,in comparison with the traditional physical adsorption-based CGO fluorescent sensor.Spiked recovery experiments in blank blood and urine were conducted to compare performance with that of HPLC-MS/MS.Results A specific aptamer A5 was selected and chemically conjugated with CGO to construct the aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor.Under optimized conditions,the proposed fluorescent sensor ex-hibited a linear detection range of 1.0-5.0 ng/mL for KET,with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.86 ng/mL;while for NK,the linear detection range was 1.0-5.0 ng/mL,with an LOD of 0.70 ng/mL.Com-pared with the CGO fluorescent sensor constructed via physical adsorption,this sensor demonstrated greater stability in blood and urine.The spiked recovery rates of KET and NK in blank blood and urine ranged from 81.50%to 110.03%,exhibiting detection performance comparable to that of HPLC-MS/MS.Conclusion The aptamer screening method offers a novel approach for selecting aptamers tar-geting drugs and their metabolites.The constructed aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor pro-vides an efficient and reliable strategy for the high-performance detection of KET and NK.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of the recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived hepatitis B vaccine（CHO-HepB）26 years post-vaccination in the rural China.Methods:Zhengding county，Hebei province was designated as a rural monitoring site for CHO-HepB efficacy. Study participants included individuals born between 1997 and 1999 who had completed the three-dose CHO-HepB primary series without booster doses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2024 using random sampling. Demographic and vaccination history data were collected via questionnaires，and hepatitis B virus（HBV）serological markers were detected using chemiluminescence. Historical surveillance data were integrated to infer infection statuses of HBsAg-positive individuals and evaluate longitudinal trends in anti-HBs seropositivity and antibody titers.Results:Among 178 participants（mean time since vaccination：26.2 years），the seroprevalence rates were 0.6% for HBsAg（95% CI：0.0%-1.6%），64.6% for anti-HBs（95% CI：57.6%-71.6%），and 1.1% for anti-HBc（95% CI：0.0%-2.7%）. Compared to the pre-vaccination baseline HBsAg positivity of 11.3% in children under 10 years of age，the estimated vaccine protection rate was 95%. Two notable cases were identified：one with concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity and one with anti-HBs and anti-HBc positivity，suggestive of transient HBV exposure（1999—2009）without chronicity. Natural immune boosting was inferred for the latter case based on anti-HBs titer dynamics. Longitudinal analysis of four prior cross-sectional surveys（2005，2009，2013，and 2017）revealed no significant upward trends in HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity（both P>0.05）over 26 years，while anti-HBs seropositivity declined significantly（ P<0.05）from 6 to 26 years post-vaccination. Conclusion:The CHO-HepB vaccine demonstrates sustained immunological persistence and robust long-term protection up to 26 years post-immunization. Continued emphasis on rigorous implementation of mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies is critical for future hepatitis B control.

Objective Through reviewing the herbs,medical books and classic prescriptions of the past dynasties,the herbal examination of Gypsum fibrosum and its analogs was carried out to clarify the relationship between them.The qualitative analysis was carried out by single-point Raman,infrared,near infrared and XRD techniques,the quantitative analysis of the main components was carried out by EDTA titration and Raman surface scanning technique,the elemental analysis was carried out by ICP-OES,and the differences between gypsum and argillite were observed by scanning electron microscope.Results Gypsum fibrosum is mixed with marble,feldspar,north cold-water stone,south cold-water stone and xuanjing stone and so on.Before the Ming Dynasty,there was no differentiation between soft and anhydrite,and after the Ming Dynasty,it was clear that gypsum was soft gypsum and feldspar was anhydrite;in modern times,marble is also made to be gypsum for medicinal use;Feldspar is anhydrite and is no longer made to be used for medicinal use,north cold-water stone is red gypsum,and south cold-water stone is calcite.Gypsum,south coldwater stone is calcite.The peaks of argillite appeared to be buried in the Raman spectrum compared with Gypsum fibrosum,and the original profiles of both infrared and near-infrared were basically the same,and the near-infrared model established by the preprocessing method of the first-order derivatives plus vector normalization(5-point smoothing)could effectively differentiate between Gypsum fibrosum and its analogues,but it could not differentiate between argillite and Gypsum fibrosum with high content.XRD showed that there are differences in the relative intensities of the peaks of argillite and Gypsum fibrosum,and some XRD shows that there are differences in the relative intensities of the peaks of basalt and Gypsum fibrosum,and some of the peaks of basalt are characterized by impurities such as quartz,and the contents of trace elements such as Fe,Mn,Cr,Pb,Hg and As are higher in basalt.The peak shapes of XRD,Raman spectra,infrared spectra and near-infrared spectra of Gypsum fibrosum and calcined gypsum are closer but can still be distinguished,and the Ca content of calcined gypsum is higher than that of gypsum.Commercially available south chrysocolla and stalactite source are carbonate minerals calcite calcite.Spectral detection can not be distinguished,the trace element content is basically the same,but the traits are different.North chrysocolla(red gypsum)is higher than the Fe content of commercially available white gypsum.Raman surface scanning not only can be a qualitative and quantitative determination of minerals such as gypsum and other minerals,and the results of the content of the titration is basically similar,but also to determine the state of Gypsum fibrosum and calcined gypsum calcined water loss status and the degree of calcined gypsum.The results of Raman surface scanning are similar to the titration results.Conclusion This study can provide a scientific basis for the traceability of Gypsum fibrosum,and can better guide the clinical use of medicine and the rational use of resources.

To investigate the distribution and biological characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes in caprine mastitis,67 milk samples from were collected from goats with mastitis in 9 dairy goat farms in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.A total of 21 strains of T.pyogenes were isolated through bacterial separation and culture.PCR amplification was conducted for 8 virulence genes of the 21 isolated strains,and the susceptibility of the strains to 10 antimicrobial drugs was tested u-sing the micro broth dilution method.Nine selected strains were subjected to genomic sequencing using Illumina Nova Seq 6000 next-generation sequencing technology,and their pathogenicity was verified by inoculating mice through the teat canal.The results of virulence gene detection showed that the positive rates of plo,cbpA,nanH,nanP,fimA,fimC-,and fimE genes among the 21 iso-lated strains were 100.0％,38.1％,52.6％,31.6％,61.9％,57.1％,and 52.4％,respectively.In con-trast,the fimG gene was not detected,which was consistent with the results of genomic compari-son by next-generation sequencing.The drug susceptibility test results showed that the susceptibil-ity rates of the isolated strains to clindamycin(CLI),ceftiofur(CEF),and vancomycin(VAN)were 100.0％,while the resistance rates to penicillin(PEN),erythromycin(ERY),sulfamethox-azole-trimethoprim(SXT),florfenicol(FFC),tetracycline(TE),gentamicin(GEN),and enroflox-acin(ENR)were 76.2％,52.1％,52.4％,52.4％,47.6％,42.9％,and 33.3％,respectively.The pro-portion of strains resistant to at least three antimicrobial drugs was 71.4％(15/21).ResFinder a-nalysis of the resistant genes identified 8 types of resistance genes in the genomes of the 9 strains,including ant(2")-Ia and ant(3")-Ia mediating aminoglycoside resistance,cmlA1 and cmx media-ting chloramphenicol resistance,erm(X)and lnu(A)mediating macrolide resistance,sul1 media-ting sulfonamide resistance,and tet(W)mediating tetracycline resistance.Except for tet(W),cm-lA,and erm(X),the other resistance genes were detected for the first time in T.pyogenes in Chi-na.In animal pathogenicity tests,mice inoculated with the isolated strains showed signs of mastitis such as redness,congestion,and inflammatory cell infiltration in the glandular tissue within 24 h,indicating that the isolated strains have pathogenicity to mouse mammary tissue.This study pro-vides preliminary insights into the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of T.pyogenes from caprine mastitis,enriching the data on its drug resistance and genomics,and offering reference and guidance for the prevention and treatment of T.pyogenes infections in large-scale dairy goat farm-ing.

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of total extracts from Anthriscus sylvestris on pulmonary hypertension in rats. Sixty male SD rats were divided into normal(NC) group, model(M) group, positive drug sildenafil(Y) group, low-dose A. sylvestris(ES-L) group, medium-dose A. sylvestris(ES-M) group, and high-dose A. sylvestris(ES-H) group. On day 1, rats were intraperitoneally injected with monocrotaline(60 mg·kg~(-1)) to induce pulmonary hypertension, and the rat model was established on day 28. From days 15 to 28, intragastric administration of the respective treatments was performed. After modeling and treatment, small animal echocardiography was used to detect the right heart function of the rats. Arterial blood gas was measured using a blood gas analyzer. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining were performed to observe cardiopulmonary pathological damage. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in the lung and myocardial tissues and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels. Western blot was applied to detect the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(p-Smad3), Smad3, tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) in lung tissue. A blood routine analyzer was used to measure inflammatory immune cell levels in the blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of P-selectin and thromboxane A2(TXA2) in plasma. The results showed that, compared with the NC group, right heart hypertrophy index, right ventricular free wall thickness, right heart internal diameter, partial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO_2), apoptosis in cardiopulmonary tissue, and ROS levels were significantly increased in the M group. In contrast, the ratio of pulmonary blood flow acceleration time(PAT)/ejection time(PET), right cardiac output, change rate of right ventricular systolic area, systolic displacement of the tricuspid ring, oxygen partial pressure(PaO_2), and blood oxygen saturation(SaO_2) were significantly decreased in the M group. After administration of the total extract of A. sylvestris, right heart function and blood gas levels were significantly improved, while apoptosis in cardiopulmonary tissue and ROS levels significantly decreased. Further testing revealed that the total extract of A. sylvestris significantly decreased the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and PAI-1 proteins in lung tissue, while increasing the expression of t-PA. Additionally, the extract reduced the levels of inflammatory cells such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes in the blood, as well as the levels of P-selectin and TXA2 in plasma. Metabolomics results showed that the total extract of A. sylvestris significantly affected metabolic pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In conclusion, the total extract of A. sylvestris may exert an anti-pulmonary hypertension effect by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating immune-inflammatory responses and thrombosis.
Animals ; Male ; Smad3 Protein/metabolism* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics* ; Thrombosis/immunology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects*

This study aims to explore the mechanism of lung and gut protection by Tanreqing Capsules on the mice infected with influenza virus based on "the lung-gut axis". A total of 110 C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control group, model group, oseltamivir group, and low-and high-dose Tanreqing Capsules groups. Ten mice in each group underwent body weight protection experiments, and the remaining 12 mice underwent experiments for mechanism exploration. Mice were infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/08/1934(PR8) via nasal inhalation for the modeling. The lung tissue was collected on day 3 after gavage, and the lung tissue, colon tissue, and feces were collected on day 7 after gavage for subsequent testing. The results showed that Tanreqing Capsules alleviated the body weight reduction and increased the survival rate caused by PR8 infection. Compared with model group, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate the lung injury by reducing the lung index, alleviating inflammation and edema in the lung tissue, down-regulating viral gene expression at the late stage of infection, reducing the percentage of neutrophils, and increasing the percentage of T cells. Tanreqing Capsules relieved the gut injury by restoring the colon length, increasing intestinal lumen mucin secretion, alleviating intestinal inflammation, and reducing goblet cell destruction. The gut microbiota analysis showed that Tanreqing Capsules increased species diversity compared with model group. At the phylum level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while reducing the abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria to maintain gut microbiota balance. At the genus level, Tanreqing Capsules significantly increased the abundance of unclassified＿f＿Lachnospiraceae while reducing the abundance of Bacteroides, Eubacterium, and Phocaeicola to maintain gut microbiota balance. In conclusion, Tanreqing Capsules can alleviate mouse lung and gut injury caused by influenza virus infection and restore the balance of gut microbiota. Treating influenza from the lung and gut can provide new ideas for clinical practice.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Lung/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Capsules ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Influenza A virus/physiology* ; Influenza, Human/virology*