To explore the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and integrative TCM-Western medicine approaches in the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications （DMC）， refine key pathophysiological insights and treatment principles， and promote academic innovation and strategic research planning in the prevention and treatment of DMC. The 38th session of the Expert Salon on Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine， hosted by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， was held in Beijing， 2024. Experts in TCM， Western medicine， and interdisciplinary fields convened to conduct a systematic discussion on the pathogenesis， diagnostic and treatment challenges， and mechanism research related to DMC， ultimately forming a consensus on key directions. Four major research recommendations were proposed. The first is addressing clinical bottlenecks in the prevention and control of DMC by optimizing TCM-based evidence evaluation systems. The second is refining TCM core pathogenesis across DMC stages and establishing corresponding "disease-pattern-time" framework. The third is innovating mechanism research strategies to facilitate a shift from holistic regulation to targeted intervention in TCM. The fourth is advancing interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance the role of TCM in new drug development， research prioritization， and guideline formulation. TCM and integrative approaches offer distinct advantages in managing DMC. With a focus on the diseases responding specifically to TCM， strengthening evidence-based support and mechanism interpretation and promoting the integration of clinical care and research innovation will provide strong momentum for the modernization of TCM and the advancement of national health strategies.

To analyze the clinical and genetic features of oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) patients and compare the phenotypic differences among various causative genes.

Objective To analyze the infection status and epidemic trends of soil-borne nematode infections in Yubei, Chongqing City, in 2010,2021, and 2022. Methods The local populations from four survey sites of four towns in 2010 and five sites of five towns in 2021 and 2022 were surveyed regarding their basic information using a unified form. Fecal samples of the participants were collected and tested for soil-borne nematode infections using the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Results In 2010, 2 049 participants were surveyed, followed by 1 000 participants in 2021 and 2022. The overall prevalence of parasitic infections declined significantly from 3.86% to 0.20%. In 2010, soil-transmitted nematode included hookworms(3.81%) and roundworms(0.29%). In 2021, the infection rates of roundworms and hookworms were 1.70% and 0.10% respectively. Notably, only Ascaris was identified in 2022(0.20%). The≥60 age group consistently exhibited the highest infection rates across all surveys, followed by the 40-59 age group. The infection rates of males in the three surveys were 3.31%,1.92%, and 0.20% respectively, and those of females were 4.37%, 1.46%, and 0.20% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the infection rates between males and females. Educational attainment was inversely associated with infection; in 2010, the highest prevalence was observed among those with primary education or below, whereas in 2021, illiterate or semi-literate individuals showed the highest susceptibility. The occupational distribution of infections in 2010 indicated that retirees (8.33%), farmers(4.86%), and homemakers or unemployed individuals(3.45%)were the most affected. However, in 2021 and 2022, farmers emerged as the predominant occupational group with soil-transmitted nematode infections. Conclusions The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes showed a decreasing trend in Yubei, and the infection species changed from hookworms in 2010 to Ascaris in 2022. Farmers, the elderly, and people with low education levels should continue to be the focus of preventive and control efforts.

Objective To prepare and characterize caspofungin acetate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using glycerol monostearate （CAS-SLNs）, and investigate the antifungal effect of potentiation on Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for the determination of caspofungin acetate （CAS）. CAS-SLNs were prepared by the melt-emulsification method and characterized. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and the inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm were determined. A systemic infection model of Candida albicans was established in mice, and the growth curve models for body weight and fungal load of kidneys of the animals were investigated after intravenous infection. Results The retention time of CAS was 6.8 min. The calibration curve showed good linearity, and the precision and stability met the requirements of the assay. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CAS-SLNs were spherical, with a particle size of （135.97±1.73） nm. The Zeta potential was （19.33±0.37） mV, drug loading was （7.55±0.68）%, and encapsulation efficiency was （67.71±1.74）%. CAS-SLNs showed significant in vitro antifungal inhibition with a MIC of 9.78×10⁻⁴ g/ml, which was significantly better than CAS group and the physical mixture group of CAS and GMS, as well as the same biofilm inhibition was observed （P<0.001）. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that CAS-SLNs maintained stable body weight gain compared to the control （P<0.01） and CAS groups in Candida albicans invasive infection model, and that CAS-SLNs significantly reduced renal fungal burden load relative to the CAS group （P<0.05）. In vivo study revealed that a stable body weight was maintained in CAS-SLNs group compared to the control group （P<0.01） in Candida albicans invasive infection model. CAS-SLNs also significantly reduced renal fungal load compared to the CAS group （P<0.05）. Conclusion CAS-SLNs significantly enhanced the antifungal effects of CAS in vitro and in vivo, which provided a valuable insight for the research of new formulation of CAS.

Objective To explore the effect of rituximab on cellular immunity and cytokines in children with new-onset steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS).Methods Clinical data of 60 children with new-onset SSNS treated at Xuzhou Children's Hospital from December 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Children were allocated according to rituximab use into a control group(no rituximab)and an observation group(rituximab).The relapse rate,T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokines before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between groups.Results The relapse rate was lower in the observation group than in the control group(27%vs 73%,P<0.05).After treatment,CD3+and CD4+T-lymphocyte counts,the CD4+/CD8+ratio,and serum interleukin-2 increased in the observation group and were higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased after treatment in the observation group and were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,CD8+T-lymphocyte counts decreased,interferon-γ increased,and interleukin-10 decreased in both groups,with no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Rituximab can reduce the relapse rate in children with new-onset nephrotic syndrome and shows good safety.Its therapeutic effect is achieved by regulating the number and function of T cells and by modulating the anti-inflammatory effects of cytokines.

The scaphoid bone is one of the important bone of hand,which is frequently injured and difficult to treat in clinical practice.Therefore,it is very important to deeply study the microstructure and biomechanical characteristics of the scaphoid bone for understanding its injury mechanism and optimizing treatment scheme.Microcomputed tomography(micro-CT)provides high-resolution imaging of bone tissue,while finite element analysis can help to simulate the stress distribution and behavioral patterns of the scaphoid bone under various physiological and pathological states.The high-resolution three-dimensional image of the scaphoid bone obtained by micro-CT technology can be used to construct finite element models of real anatomical structure of the scaphoid bone,thus achieving accurate simulation of the mechanical properties of the scaphoid bone.The fusion of these two advanced technologies provides a new perspective for revealing the structural and functional relationships and injury mechanism of the scaphoid bone.Therefore,this paper reviews the anatomical characteristics of the scaphoid bone and its biomechanical behavior in different states,emphasizing the specific applications and advantages of micro-CT and finite element analysis techniques in the study of the scaphoid bone.By summarizing the research findings in recent years,this paper provides novel scientific basis and methods for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of scaphoid bone-related disorders.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for brain abscess.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 53 patients with brain abscess admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2024.Among them,29 cases underwent craniotomy for abscess resection(craniotomy group),while 24 cases received neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage(robot-assisted group).The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,decompressive craniectomy rate,proportion of postoperative antibiotic regimen adjustment,postoperative hospital stay,incidence of postoperative complications,mortality rate and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)scores 6 months after surgery of patients were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the craniotomy group,the robot-assisted group demonstrated significantly shorter operation time,less intraoperative blood loss,and lower incidence of postoperative complication,the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in terms of decompressive craniectomy rate,postoperative hospital stay,mortality rate,GOS score,or proportion of the postoperative antibiotic regimen adjustment between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion As a precise and minimally invasive surgical method,neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for patients with brain abscess can effectively improve the operational efficiency,shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative injury,and lower the risk of postoperative complications.It has high clinical application value and potential for widespread adoption.

Objective To observe the predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion(BAO)who got first-pass effect(FPE)after mechanical thrombectomy(MT).Methods Eighty-two acute BAO patients who got FPE following MT were retrospectively collected and divided into good prognosis group(modified Rankin scale[mRS]score≤3,n=48)and poor prognosis group(mRS score＞3,n=34)90 days after treatments.The data were compared between groups,and variables which showed P＜0.1 were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of poor prognosis in acute BAO patients who got FPE after MT.Results Higher age of patients,pre-treatment National Institute Health stroke scale(NIHSS)and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),also higher proportions of patients with diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation(AF)and cardioembolic stroke in trial of org 10 172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification were found in poor prognosis group than those in good prognosis group(all P＜0.05).Conversely,patients in poor prognosis group had lower pre-treatment Glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores,lower posterior circulation-Alberta stroke program early CT score(pc-ASPECTS)and basilar artery on CT angiography(BATMAN)scores(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed patients complicated with AF(OR[95%CI]=29.769[1.470,602.943])and elevated pre-treatment NLR(OR[95%CI]=1.212[1.016,1.446])had relatively poor prognosis(both P＜0.05),whereas those with increased pre-treatment GCS score(OR[95%CI]=0.615[0.429,0.882]),elevated pc-ASPECTS(OR[95%CI]=0.263[0.092,0.748])and higher BATMAN score(OR[95%CI]=0.260[0.085,0.796])had relatively better prognosis(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Complicated with AF,low pre-treatment GCS score,high NLR,low pc-ASPECTS and low BATMAN score were all predictive factors for poor prognosis in acute BAO patients who got FPE after MT.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of the gastrointestinal endoscopic super minimally invasive surgery (eSMIS) and the laparoscopic minimally invasive procedure (LS) for the treatment of gastric glomus tumors(GGT).Methods:This study retrospectively included 15 patients with GGT who underwent eSMIS at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2014 to May 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, surgical indexes, efficacy evaluation indexes, postoperative medical disposition, health economics indexes and postoperative laboratory indexes were collected and analyzed, the patients were followed up for survival outcomes and the postoperative quality of life, efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared.Results:The amount of bleeding in the eSMIS group was lower than that in the LS group: 1.25 (0, 3.75) ml vs. 41.56 (10.00, 50.00) ml, and the surgical cost in the eSMIS group was lower than that in the LS group: 10 792.87 (8 424.90, 12 730.30) yuan vs. 21 773.06 (19 940.60, 24 843.10) yuan, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The surgical efficacy, postoperative laboratory indicators and medical treatment convenience between the two groups had no statistical differences ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the choice of surgical procedures for the treatment of GGT, eSMIS is superior to LS in terms of bleeding and surgical cost, and not inferior to LS in other indicators. This suggested that the treatment of GGT with eSMIS is feasible, safe and effective.