Intestinal dysbiosis and disrupted bile acid(BA)homeostasis are associated with obesity,but the precise mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G(PPP1R3G)plays a pivotal role in regulating glycolipid metabolism;nevertheless,its obesity-combatting potency remains unclear.In this study,a substantial reduction was observed in serum PPP1R3G levels in high-body mass index(BMI)and high-fat diet(HFD)-exposed mice,establishing a positive correlation between PPP1R3G and non-12α-hydroxylated(non-12-OH)BA content.Additionally,hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3g(PPP1R3G HOE)mitigated HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by reduced weight,fat mass,and an improved serum lipid profile;hepatic steatosis alleviation was confirmed by normalized liver enzymes and histology.PPP1R3G HOE considerably impacted systemic BA homeostasis,which notably increased the non-12-OH BAs ratio,particularly lithocholic acid(LCA).16S ribosomal DNA(16S rDNA)sequencing assay indicated that PPP1R3G HOE reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus population,and elevating the relative abundance of Blautia,which exhibited a positive correlation with serum LCA levels.A fecal microbiome transplantation test confirmed that the anti-obesity effect of hepatic PPP1R3G was gut microbiota-dependent.Mechanistically,PPP1R3G HOE markedly suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and sterol-12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1),and concurrently upregulated oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase and Takeda G protein-coupled BA receptor 5(TGR5)expression under HFD conditions.Furthermore,LCA administration significantly mitigated the HFD-induced obesity phenotype and elevated non-12-OH BA levels.These findings emphasize the significance of hepatic PPP1R3G in ameliorating diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis through the gut microbiota-BA axis,which may serve as potential ther-apeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS) was applied to analyze and identify flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim. A method of data-dependent scan coupling with dynamic exclusion was developed for analyzing flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides under positive and negative ion mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The compounds of Lagotis brevituba Maxim. were systematically identified through exact molecular mass, fragmentation patterns, retention time and reported references. A total of 167 compounds were detected, of which 84 were flavonoids and 83 were phenylethanoid glycosides, which greatly enriched the number and types of flavonoids and phenylethanol glycosides in Lagotis genus medicinal plants. Baohuoside Ⅰ, 4 disaccharide O-glycoside flavonoids (composed of deoxyhexose and glucuronic acid), 9 C-glycoside flavonoids, 15 tetrasaccharide phenylethanoid glycosides and 5 phenylethanoid glycosides with substituents on the β-position of the phenylethyl group were identified in Lagotis genus medicinal plants for the first time. This study provides scientific support for elucidating the material basis and improving the quality control of Lagotis brevituba Maxim.

Objective:To explore the potential synergistic protective mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium formula compound by using the methods and tools of network pharmacology，and provide a basis for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compounds and the discovery of new drugs. Method:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） was used to obtain the active components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium formula and their corresponding targets. The obtained targets were input to the UniProt database to inquire the gene names corresponding to the targets. By searching the CTD database，Genecards database and OMIM database of disease-related websites，the anti-sunburn targets were obtained. The interaction of the active targets was analyzed with online STRING database to screen the predicted core targets. The gene ontolog（GO） gene function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis of the predictive targets were performed by using DAVID database. Cytoscape 3.6.1 software was used to make "drug-component-target" network diagram，"protein-protein interaction" network diagram and "component-target-pathway" network diagram. Online website Draw Venn Diagram was used to show the relationship between disease targets and drug predicted targets. R Studio software was used to draw the functional enrichment analysis diagram of GO gene and KEGG pathway. Molecular docking between the active ingredients and the core targets was performed using GOLD software. Result:The 16 active compounds were collected，such as liquiritin，glycyrrhizin，kaempferol and quercetin. The active components mainly acted on 5 core targets：protein kinase B1（AKT1），interleukin（IL）-6，vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGFA），tumor necrosis factor（TNF） and tumor suppressor gene （TP53） and played a role in anti-sunburn effect primarily through these pathways such as hepatitis B，pathways in cancer，toxoplasmosis，chagas disease（American trypanosomiasis），and TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion:Based on the method of network pharmacology，the present study has preliminarily explored the anti-sunburn targets and pathways of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Granati Pericarpium formula，and further verified the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target treatment of diseases in TCM，so as to provide certain scientific ideas for the modernization research of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions.

Objective To explore the effects of Lycium barbarum soup on retina histological structure and related active substances in mice injured by heroin. Method Totally 120 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, heroin group, Lycium barbarum 1 group and Lycium barbarum 2 group. The mice were intraperitoneal^ injected escalation with doses (2, 4, 6 g/L) heroin 0.2 ml continuous (1-5 N 6-10 and 11-15 days) for 15 days (twice a day). One hour after injected heroin, Lycium barbarum 1 and 2 group was intragastric administration with (1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg) Lycium barbarum soup for 0.2 ml. The changes of retina tissue structure were observed by biomicroscopy, the changes of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and retina inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity were detected by colorimetry, the changes of Caspase-3 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa;B protein expression in retina was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Result Compared with the control group, the retina tissue of the heroin group was damaged in varying degrees, ganglion cells decreased, vacuolated degeneration occurred, the structure of the inner and outer nuclear layers was disordered, loose and reticular. The LDH activity of plasma increased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The iNOS activity of retina increased significantly (P<0.01). The Caspase-3 and NF-kappa;B protein expression of retina increased, and the average optical density increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the heroin group, the ganglion cell layer vacuolation of the retina in Lycium barbarum 1 and 2 groups was reduced, the inner and outer nuclear layers were arranged orderly. The LDH activity of plasma decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The iNOS activity of retina decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The Caspase-3 and NF-kappa;B protein expression of retina decreased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Lycium barbarum soup can improve the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory ability of cells, inhibit Caspase-3 expression and NF-kappa;B activation of retina. It can effectively reduce the damage of heroin on the retina and has a certain protective effect on the retina.

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.
Atractylodes ; Bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction on the humeroradial joint in the treatment of Bado type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ fresh Monteggia fractures in children and investigate the effect of clinical factors, including Bado classification, age and time of treatment on the success rate of closed reduction. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the data of children ≤10 years old with fresh Monteggia fractures (injury within two weeks) treated by manual reduction with plaster immobilization from January 2014 to April 2019. All patients were followed up in the outpatient department every two weeks for 4-6 weeks until plaster removal and then 3, 6 and 12 months. Online or telephone interview was provided for some inconvenient patients after 6 months. Mackay criteria were used to evaluate the clinical effect. Radiographic data were collected and reviewed to assess the reduction of the humeroradial joint. Function of the elbow joint and forearm was evaluated and risk factors related to the failure of reduction were assessed. The successful manual reduction was analyzed from three aspects, respectively Bado fracture type (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), patient age (<3 year, 3-6 years, >6 years) and time interval from injury to treatment (group A, <1 day; group B, 1-3 days; group C, >3 days). RESULTS: Altogether 88 patients were employed in this study, including 58 males (65.9%) and 30 females (34.1%) aged from 1 to 10 years. There were 29 cases (33.0%) of Bado type Ⅰ Monteggia fractures, 16 (18.2%) type Ⅱ and 43 (48.7%) type Ⅲ. Successful manual reduction was achieved in 79 children (89.8%) at the last follow-up. The failed 9 patients received open surgery. Mackay criteria showed 100% good-excellent rate for all the patients. The success rate of manual reduction was 89.7%, 87.5% and 90.7% in Bado type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ cases, respectively, revealing no significant differences among different Bado types (χ = 0.131, p = 0.937). Successful closed reduction was achieved in 13 toddlers (13/13, 100%), 38 preschool children (28/42, 90.5%) and 28 school-age children (28/33, 84.8%), suggesting no significant difference either (χ = 2.375, p = 0.305). However time interval from injury to treatment showed that patients treated within 3 days had a much higher rate of successful manual reduction: 67 cases (67/71, 94.4%) in group A, 10 cases (10/11, 90.9%) in group B, and 2 cases (2/6, 33.3%) in group C (χ = 22.464, p < 0.001). Fisher's test further showed significant differences between groups A and C (p = 0.001) and groups B and C (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Closed reduction is a safe and effective method for treating fresh Monteggia fractures in children. The reduction should be conducted as soon as possible once the diagnosis has been made.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Closed Fracture Reduction ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Monteggia's Fracture ; classification ; surgery ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the effect of isokinetic training of knee flexors and extensors on walking ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods From December,2016 to June,2017,120 patients with KOA in our hospital were randomly divided into blank group(n=40),control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40).All the groups were injected with sodium hyal-uronate intraluminally,and received joint mobilization.The control group added conventional strength training, including isotonic and isometric static squat exercise of muscles around the knee. The observation group re-ceived knee isokinetic training additionally,the training mode was ordinary isokinetic/centripetal mode.Before and four weeks after treatment, the peak torque (PT), the Lysholm score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain,ten-meter walking time and six-minute walking distance were tested. Results After treatment,the PT value of knee flexors and extensors,the scores of VAS and Lysholm,ten-meter walking time and six-minute walking distance significantly improved in all groups(P<0.05),among which the observa-tion group was the best(P<0.05). Conclusion Isokinetic muscle strength training of knee flexors and extensors can improve the walking ability of patients with KOA.

OBJECTIVEThrough reviewing the relevant literature from the past decades, to summarize the assessment and management of fractures of the clavicle, and provide an overview of the clinical results of a range of treatment options.

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review are mainly from articles included in PubMed and EMBASE, published from 1960 to 2015.

STUDY SELECTIONStudies involving assessment of fractures of the clavicle were reviewed. Further literatures were gathered regarding the conservative and surgical treatment of these fractures, including the methods of fixation and the surgical approaches used. Both conservative and surgical treatments were then compared and contrasted.

RESULTSThrough retrieving and reading the abstract, a total of 42 representative articles were selected, which covered all aspects of the conservative treatment and surgical treatment, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the majority of recent data suggest that surgery may be more appropriate as it improves functional outcome and reduces the risk of complications, we recommend that the treatment should be individually assessed.

Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans

BACKGROUNDAlcohol has been used for treating simple renal cysts since 1981. Since then, various observational studies have examined the technique, but they differ significantly in the details of the procedures and efficacy measures used. This has made it difficult to assess the safety and efficacy of this technique. We carried out a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided alcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections to treat simple renal cysts.

METHODSA total of 144 patients with simple renal cysts were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage and alcohol sclerotherapy with single-session multiple injections) or control group (ultrasound-guided simple percutaneous drainage). Follow-up CT scans of ablated cysts were collected 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The outcome was considered successful if cyst volume between baseline and 6 months decreased by at least 87.5%.

RESULTSIntention-to-treat analysis revealed an average volume reduction of 94.2% in the treatment group and 50.8% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients achieving successful outcomes was 88.9% (95%CI 77.0% - 100.0%) in the treatment group and 22.2% (95%CI 6.54% - 37.9%) in the control group (P < 0.0001). The corresponding results in the per-protocol analysis were an average volume reduction of 96.4% in the treatment group and 50.8% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The percentage of patients achieving a successful outcome was 94.3% (95%CI 85.6% - 100.0%) in the treatment group and 22.2% (95%CI 6.54% - 37.9%) in the control group (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONAlcohol sclerotherapy involving single-session multiple injections is safe and efficacious in the treatment of renal cysts.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sclerosing Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Sclerotherapy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the signal pathway mediating the regulatory effect of Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) on c-met gene promoter in HepG2 cells.

METHODSThe expression of c-met in HBX-transfected HepG2 cells treated with different signal pathway inhibitors was detected by western blot, the invasion capability of cells was determined by Matrigel invasion assay.

RESULTSERK inhibitor U0126 inhibited the expression of the c-Met in HBx-transfected HepG2 cells. However, both p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and PI-3K inhibitor wortmanin had no effect on expression of the c-Met in HBx-transfected HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the ERK inhibitor U0126 also inhibited the invasiveness of HBX-transfected HepG2 cells.

CONCLUSIONHBx induces invasion of HCC via activation of ERK pathway.

Blotting, Western ; Butadienes ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection