Objective: To translate the common metrics for donation attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention for the blood donation context (BD-ASPI) into Chinese, and to test its reliability and validity among college students. Methods: A research team was established. Following Beaton's cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the BD-ASPI was translated, culturally adapted, and pre-tested to develop the Chinese version. Using convenience sampling, 620 students from four universities in Wuhan were surveyed form August to November 2024 to test the scale's reliability and validity. Results: The Chinese version of the scale consisted of 21 items across four dimensions: attitude towards blood donation, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.89 to 1.00, and the average scale-level content validity index was 0.984. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the second-order factor model. The Criterion validity was 0.509 (P<0.001). The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.965, with the coefficients for each dimension ranging from 0.891 to 0.974. The test-retest reliability was 0.894. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the BD-ASPI demonstrates good reliability and validity, and can serve as an effective tool for assessing the behavioral intention of voluntary blood donation among college students in China.

ObjectiveHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） and GC-triple quadrupole MS（GC-QqQ-MS） in combination with non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were employed to systematically analyze the chemical composition differences of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， and establish an identification system for them. MethodsThe volatile components of 9 batches of Xihuangwan samples from 8 manufacturers were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS non-targeted metabolomics， and identified by comparing their MS data with the National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） spectral library. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to identify differential volatile components of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. Additionally， GC-QqQ-MS targeted metabolomics was applied to quantify the levels of α-pinene， β-elemene， muscone， dehydroepiandrosterone， bornyl acetate， and octyl acetate in 27 batches of samples from 9 manufacturers. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis（PCA）， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were conducted to further explore the differences in volatile components between Xihuangwan samples prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. ResultsNon-targeted metabolomics identified 291 volatile compounds in Xihuangwan， including alkanes， esters， alkanes， alcohols， ketones， naphthalenes and others. OPLS-DA analysis revealed distinct separation between Xihuangwan samples containing artificial musk（A1， C1， D1， E1， F1， G1， I1） and those containing natural musk（H1， H3）. A total of 30 differential metabolites were identified. The relative contents of these 30 differential metabolites were visualized using a radar chart， revealing significant differences in the levels of octanol， borneol acetate and muscone. Cluster analysis and PCA results from targeted metabolomics indicated that Xihuangwan could be classified into two distinct groups：one composed of natural musk（H1， H3） and the other of artificial musk， sample H2. PLS-DA identified muscone， octyl acetate， and dehydroepiandrosterone as key differential volatile components. Although no significant difference was observed in the content of octyl acetate between the two groups， statistically significant differences were found for muscone and dehydroepiandrosterone（P<0.05）. ConclusionMuscone and dehydroepiandrosterone can be used for the differentiation of Xihuangwan samples containing natural musk from those containing artificial musk. This study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the differences in the types and contents of major volatile components in Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， providing a scientific basis for quality evaluation and control of Xihuangwan.

ObjectiveHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） and GC-triple quadrupole MS（GC-QqQ-MS） in combination with non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were employed to systematically analyze the chemical composition differences of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， and establish an identification system for them. MethodsThe volatile components of 9 batches of Xihuangwan samples from 8 manufacturers were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS non-targeted metabolomics， and identified by comparing their MS data with the National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） spectral library. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to identify differential volatile components of Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. Additionally， GC-QqQ-MS targeted metabolomics was applied to quantify the levels of α-pinene， β-elemene， muscone， dehydroepiandrosterone， bornyl acetate， and octyl acetate in 27 batches of samples from 9 manufacturers. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis（PCA）， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） were conducted to further explore the differences in volatile components between Xihuangwan samples prepared with natural musk and artificial musk. ResultsNon-targeted metabolomics identified 291 volatile compounds in Xihuangwan， including alkanes， esters， alkanes， alcohols， ketones， naphthalenes and others. OPLS-DA analysis revealed distinct separation between Xihuangwan samples containing artificial musk（A1， C1， D1， E1， F1， G1， I1） and those containing natural musk（H1， H3）. A total of 30 differential metabolites were identified. The relative contents of these 30 differential metabolites were visualized using a radar chart， revealing significant differences in the levels of octanol， borneol acetate and muscone. Cluster analysis and PCA results from targeted metabolomics indicated that Xihuangwan could be classified into two distinct groups：one composed of natural musk（H1， H3） and the other of artificial musk， sample H2. PLS-DA identified muscone， octyl acetate， and dehydroepiandrosterone as key differential volatile components. Although no significant difference was observed in the content of octyl acetate between the two groups， statistically significant differences were found for muscone and dehydroepiandrosterone（P<0.05）. ConclusionMuscone and dehydroepiandrosterone can be used for the differentiation of Xihuangwan samples containing natural musk from those containing artificial musk. This study systematically and comprehensively analyzed the differences in the types and contents of major volatile components in Xihuangwan prepared with natural musk and artificial musk， providing a scientific basis for quality evaluation and control of Xihuangwan.

Objective: To explore the relationship between snack consumption and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a basis for improving depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences. Methods: From October to December 2022,a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County) in Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was applied to assess depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students, and snack consumption was collected by employing food frequency questionnaire. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between first year junior high school students snack consumption and depressive symptoms, and the analysis was stratified according to left behind experience. Results: The detection rates of depressive symptoms among firstyear junior high school students with and without left behind experience were 36.25% and 26.91%, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, the generalized linear model analysis showed that sweet snacks ( β=0.16, 95%CI =0.07-0.25), fast food ( β=0.14, 95%CI =0.04-0.23) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.09, 95%CI =0.01-0.17) of first year junior high school students with left behind experience (all P <0.05). Compared with those without such behavior, the risk of depressive symptoms was higher in consumption of fast food ( β=0.13, 95%CI =0.07-0.18) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.10, 95%CI =0.06-0.15)among first year junior high school students without left behind experience (both P <0.05). Conclusion Snack consumption among first year junior high school students in Yunnan may increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms, while first year junior high school students with left behind experience may have a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms.

In modern society， the comorbidity of insomnia with amnesia has shown a significantly increasing incidence and become increasingly severe， emerging as a public health issue that endangers people's physical and mental health and quality of life. Anmei Dan （AMD）， originally recorded in the Shishi Milu by CHEN Shiduo in the Qing Dynasty， possesses profound theoretical foundations and distinct clinical advantages in ameliorating insomnia with amnesia. Basic research has unequivocally confirmed its definite therapeutic effects on insomnia with amnesia and revealed partial mechanisms. AMD is therefore a veritable classic prescription embodying the principle of treating different diseases with the same method for insomnia and amnesia. However， few researchers have reviewed the related research progress. This article systematically summarized the theoretical connotations of traditional Chinese medicine in treating insomnia with amnesia， delineated the multi-component material basis of AMD in ameliorating insomnia with amnesia （including various chemical components such as ginsenosides， jujubosides， and salvianolic acids）， and evaluate its multi-dimensional clinical efficacy （e.g.， prolonging total sleep time， improving sleep efficiency， and enhancing memory）. Moreover， it systematically summarizes the multi-pathway mechanisms of action. The results indicate that AMD has a clear material basis， definite clinical efficacy， and a favorable safety profile in ameliorating insomnia and amnesia. AMD may exert the therapeutic effect by regulating sleep-wake rhythms， enhancing synaptic plasticity， inhibiting neuroimmune inflammation， and modulating autophagy， oxidative stress， and energy metabolism. In conclusion， AMD exerts synergistic effects through multi-component， multi-dimensional， and multi-pathway approaches， serving as an important prescription for enriching and developing the theory of treating different diseases with the same method for insomnia with amnesia.

Objective To establish a rapid on-site detection method for detecting formaldehyde in workplace air using the length detector tube method. Methods The length detector tube was applied to detect the level of formaldehyde in workplace air. Performance indicators, including accuracy, precision, stability, and interference susceptibility, of the method were validated. Results The formaldehyde length detector tube can determine formaldehyde mass concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 4.00 mg/m³ at 25 ℃, covering 0.5 to 2.0 times the occupational exposure limit for formaldehyde (0.50 mg/m³). Under conditions of 10 to 35 ℃ and relative humidity <80.00%, the average recovery was 93.33%-101.67%, and all the within-run method ranges from -21.67% to 20.00%, and all the relative standard deviations were <10.00%. The average decrease rate of formaldehyde in gas bags within 24 hours ranged from -8.33% to 8.33%. Common coexisting substances in workplaces, such as methanol, benzene, toluene, hydrogen chloride, and nitrogen dioxide, did not interfere with the measurements. However, aldehydes and ketones might cause overestimation. Conclusion The formaldehyde length detector tube method demonstrates high accuracy and specificity for detecting formaldehyde in air, making it suitable for rapid monitoring of formaldehyde in workplace air.

In recent years,the prevalence of overweight/obesity in solid organ transplant recipients has been rising rapidly.Clinical research evidence on obesity in solid organ transplant recipients has been increasing,but there is a lack of standardized diagnostic and treatment guidelines and comprehensive management pathways to guide clinical practice.Based on this,the Expert Consensus on Weight Management in Overweight or Obese Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients(2025 Edition)was organized and written by experts from the Diabetes Professional Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association.This consensus mainly provides recommendations on the epidemiological data,diagnostic criteria,screening and assessment methods,management pathways,and intervention strategies for overweight/obesity in solid organ transplant recipients.It aims to further improve the management level of medical workers engaged in the whole process of organ transplantation for the population with overweight/obesity combined with solid organ transplantation,standardize clinical diagnosis and treatment,improve patient prognosis,and enhance quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jianpi Qinghua granule in improving skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced by long-term low-dose cadmium exposure in rats.Methods:A total of 24 SPF-grade healthy 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to normal control(NC) group, cadmium exposure(Cd) group, and Jianpi Qinghua granule protection(Cd+ JPQHG) group. After 24 weeks, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured, and HOMA-IR was calculated. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were conducted to assess insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle tissues were extracted for Western blot analysis to detect levels of insulin signaling pathway-related proteins. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the translocation of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4), and oxidative stress markers were measured.Results:Compared to the NC group, the Cd group showed significant increases in fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin levels, and HOMA-IR after 24-week exposure. Abnormal glucose and insulin tolerance were also observed in the Cd group. The 12-week intervention with Jianpi Qinghua granule significantly improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the abnormalities in glucose and insulin tolerance. Western blot results indicated that the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt in the skeletal muscle of the Cd group were significantly reduced compared to the NC group, while these levels were significantly elevated in the Cd+ JPQHG group, along with increased translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane. Additionally, cadmium exposure significantly increased H 2O 2 and malondialdehyde levels while decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. These oxidative stress indicators improved significantly after Jianpi Qinghua granule intervention( P<0.05). Conclusion:Jianpi Qinghua granule may improve skeletal muscle insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorders due to long-term low-dose cadmium exposure by reducing oxidative stress, regulating the phosphorylation levels of key proteins in the insulin signaling pathway, and promoting GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the impact of High Alcohol-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) on hepatocyte function and explore its regulatory mechanism from the perspective of epigenetic modifications. Methods:Using the HepG2 cell line as the research model, the study involved exposing the cells to alcohol and three different HiAlc Kpn strains in vitro, dividing them into a control group, alcohol-treated group, W8 group, 3-24 group, and 4-26 group. The effect of HiAlc Kpn on liver cell proliferation was investigated using the Incucyte live cell imaging system, and the apoptotic level of liver cells was determined using flow cytometry. The fluorescence confocal microscopy combined with live cell probes was used to detect lipid accumulation and intracellular ROS levels in liver cells. The amount of mitochondrial damage was determined using flow cytometry combined with the seahorse cell metabolism analyzer, and changes in protein levels undergoing global lactylation modification were investigated using Western blotting. Results:Compared with the control group, HiAlc Kpn strains W8, 3-24 and 4-26 could decrease the proliferation rate and increase the ratio of apoptosis of hepatocyte HepG2 cells. The results of high-content cell imaging showed that the fluorescence points of ROS enrichment in HepG2 cells were increased after HiAlc Kpn treatment. The lipid accumulation was significantly increased by oil red O and BODIPY staining. The number of oil droplets and fluorescence points was higher than those in the control group and alcohol treatment group. The results of flow cytometry showed that the ratio of JC-1 monomer/polymer was significantly increased after alcohol and three kinds of HiAlc Kpn were treated and the W8 treatment group was about six times higher than the control group ( P<0.05). Seahorse Energy Metabolism System′s mitochondrial pressure test results showed that the extracellular acidification degree and oxygen consumption rate were significantly reduced by the HiAlc Kpn 4-26 strain. Western blot analysis showed that the pan-lactylation modification level increased after high-concentration alcohol treatment and the increased rate of pan-lactylation modification in the 1 000 mmol/L alcohol group was about three times that of the control group. HiAlc Kpn W8 and 3-24 strains resulted in four or two-times pan-lactylation modification increases compared with the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HiAlc Kpn can induce lipid peroxidation in hepatic cells by regulating the increase in histone pan-lactylation modification levels, leading to mitochondrial damage, impaired cell proliferation capacity and increased apoptosis levels.