Aim To explore the protective effect of proanthocyanidin B2 (PC-B2) on oxidative damage of PC 12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H

Objective:To explore the effects of lutein on the adhesion,invasiveness and metastasis of human prostate cancer PC-3M cells and its action mechanism.Methods:We divided human prostate cancer PC-3M cells into a control,a low-dose lutein,a medium-dose lutein and a high-dose lutein group,and treated them with 0,10,20 and 40 μmol/L lutein,respectively.Then we ex-amined the adhesion of the cells to matrix by cell adhesion assay and the changes in cell pseudopodia by Phalloidin staining,detected the expressions of paxillin,matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2),MMP-9,recombinant tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1),E-cadherin,N-cadherin and vimentin by Western blot,determined the invasiveness and migration of the cells by scratch and Tran-swell assays,and observed their dynamic movement by high-intension imaging.Results:Compared with the control,the lutein inter-vention groups showed significant reduction in the number of the cells adhered to matrix,the number of cell pseudopodia,the expres-sions of paxillin,MMP-2,MMP-9,N-cadherin and vimentin,the rates of migration,invasion and metastasis,and the distances of dis-placement and movement of the cells.However,the expressions of TIMP-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related E-cadherin were upregulated significantly.Conclusion:Lutein can inhibit cell adhesion,reduce the expressions of MMPs,and suppress cell in-vasion and migration by inhibiting the proeess of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Acute respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease in children, which seriously threatens children′s health.Rapid and accurate etiological diagnosis is of great significance for the clinical treatment and control of these diseases.Pathogen nucleic acid test was applied and became the main method of respiratory tract infection diagnosis for its high sensitivity and specificity.To regulate the application of pathogen nucleic acid amplification test in respiratory tract infection in children, improve the diagnosis level, expert consensus on nucleic acid amplification test of respiratory pathogens in children was prepared to guide the application and promote pathogens diagnosis ability.

The UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS metabolomics technique was used to determine the effect of deapio-platycodin D (DPD) on endogenous metabolites in lung tissues of mice with ammonia-induced cough, and to identify the metabolic regulatory pathways of DPD in its antitussive and expectorant activities. This work was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No. JZLLSC-20190235). Metabolites were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS method and the metabolic pathways related to differentially-expressed metabolites were analyzed by the MetaboAnalyst platform. DPD significantly prolonged (P < 0.05) cough latency, reduced the number of coughs, and significantly increased (P < 0.05) phenol red excretion in ammonia-induced cough mice. Twenty-five metabolites related to cough and 38 metabolites related to sputum excretion were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS. Changes in the metabolism of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and lysine degradation were evident with DPD treatment of ammonia-induced cough mice. Changes in the metabolism of linoleic acid, taurine and hypotaurine, glycerophospholipid, purines and pyrimidines, arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids after DPD treatment were related to phenol red excretion. Linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism are common regulatory pathways by which DPD appears to exert its antitussive and expectorant activity. These metabolic pathways are closely related to anti-inflammatory pathways, immune function regulation, neurotransmitter release, cell signal transduction, energy metabolism and apoptosis. This study clarifies the antitussive and expectorant activity and mechanism of DPD.

Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides) is widely distributed, with abundant resources, a long history of application, and rich nutrition and high medicinal value. Therefore, it has attracted extensive attention from researchers at home and abroad. The focus of attention is mainly on sea buckthorn fruit, but with weak research and development of sea buckthorn leaves. In order to develop and utilize abundant resources of sea buckthorn leaves, this paper systematically reviewed domestic and foreign literatures and summarized the current application, harvesting and processing, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of sea buckthorn leaves. Sea buckthorn leaves have a wide development and utilization value in food raw materials(like a substituting-for-tea plant), pharmaceutical raw materials and animal feed. Modern studies have shown that the leaves of sea buckthorn are rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenes and steroids, as well as vitamins(especially vitamin C), proteins, amino acids and mineral elements. It has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-obesity, hypoglycemia, anti-oxidation, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cardiovascular diseases. Domestic and foreign studies have showed that sea buckthorn leaves have important development and utilization prospects, and are worth further study and development.
Animals ; Flavonoids ; Fruit ; Hippophae ; Plant Leaves ; Polyphenols

Adulterants and counterfeits were found in some of the commercial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions in Hongjin Xiaojie Jiaonang, Hongjin Xiaojie Pian, and Chaihuang Keli during the national drug sampling inspection. However, it was difficult to determine the species of the adulterants and counterfeits by conventional testing methods. Therefore, a total of 184 samples of the TCM decoctions and raw materials belong to the prescriptions of above mentioned traditional Chinese patent medicines, including Bupleuri Radix, Bajiaolian, Heimayi, and Shufuchong, were collected and authenticated by DNA barcoding technology. 111 ITS2 sequences were obtained from 115 commercial TCM decoctions and raw materials of Bupleuri Radix, among which 71 were Bupleurum chinense, three were B. scorzonerifolium, and 31 were closely related species in the same genus. In addition, counterfeits derived from different genera, such as Ailanthus altissima (one sample), Saposhnikovia divaricate (two samples), and Solidago decurrens (three samples), were also detected. 21 ITS2 sequences were obtained from 22 commercial TCM raw materials of Bajiaolian, among which 15 were Diphylleia sinensis and six were Dysosma versipellis and other species in genus Dysosma. For 22 Heimayi samples, PCR amplification of COI sequence was failed due to genomic DNA degradation. Among 38 Shufuchong samples, 24 COI sequences were obtained and only nine of them were the genuine species (Armadillidium vulgare) recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 11 were Porcellio laevis, two were Mongoloniscus sinensis, and two samples could not be identified due to the limitation of database. This study demonstrates that DNA barcoding technology is suitable for the species authentication of the decoctions of traditional Chinese patent medicine prescription. It is a conductive way for the establishment of traceability system for the whole TCM industrial chain.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of old patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019, totally 386 old (≥ 60 years) patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled. Their gender, age, etiology, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) and complications were analyzed. Results:In the old patients with spinal cord injury, traumatic spinal cord injury was more common in males (71.17%) and non-traumatic spinal cord injury was more common in females (56.19%). Fall on level surface was the most important cause of spinal cord injury both in old men (28.83%) and women (24.76%). Tumor (19.05%) was the most common non-traumatic cause of spinal cord injury in old female patients. Cervical segment (78.46%) was the most common site of injury in old traumatic spinal cord injury, while thoracic segment (52.14%) was the most common site of injury in non-traumatic spinal cord injury. Grade D (38.08%) was the most common AIS grade, followed by grades C (28.76%), A (21.50%), and B (11.66%). Spinal canal stenosis (23.31%) played an important role in the etiology of old spinal cord injury. Neuralgia, venous thrombosis of lower extremities and urinary tract infection were the most common complications in old patients with spinal cord injury. Conclusion:Fall on level surface is the leading cause of spinal cord injury in old patients, and the proportion of fall in the etiology of old spinal cord injury tends to increase with age. It is important to take effective measures to avoid falling in the old adults to prevent spinal cord injury.

Objective:To investigate the outcome of neurological function and the clinical characteristics of complications in children with spinal cord injury. Methods:From 2011 to 2019, children under 15 years old with spinal cord injury were selected in our hospital. Their level of injury and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) at one month, three months and one year were recorded. And the complications such as pressure ulcers/scald, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux, constipation, osteoporosis/fracture, deep vein thrombosis, neurodynia, heterotopic ossification, scoliosis and hip dysplasia were analyzed. Results:Of 159 individuals, 41 were boys and 118 were girls, the average age at injury was (6.08±2.57) years. The main cause of spinal cord injury was sports accidents (47.8%), and the main injury sites were thoracic spinal cord injury (89.3%). The cause of spinal cord injury was correlated with age at injury (r = -0.160, P = 0.044), gender (r = -0.458, P < 0.001) and injury sites (r = -0.249, P = 0.002). Complete spinal cord injury counted for 71.7%, and the AIS grade at one month was correlated with that at twelve months (r = 0.984, P < 0.001). The main complications were urinary tract infection (69.2%), constipation (67.9%), hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux (37.7%), scoliosis (25.8%) and hip dysplasia (25.2%). The incidence of ulcers/scald was correlated with injury site (r = 0.179, P = 0.024). The AIS grade three months after injury was significantly correlated with urinary tract infection, constipation, scoliosis and hip dysplasia (|r| > 0.227, P < 0.01). The incidence of ulcers/scald was correlated with osteoporosis/fracture (r = 0.208, P < 0.01). The incidence of urinary tract infection was significantly correlated with hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux, constipation, scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.261, P < 0.001), as well as osteoporosis/fracture (r = 0.195, P < 0.05). The incidence of hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux was significantly correlated with constipation, osteoporosis/fracture, scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.146, P < 0.01). The incidence of constipation was significantly correlated with scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.313, P < 0.01), as well as osteoporosis/fracture (r = 0.160, P < 0.05). The incidence of osteoporosis/fracture was significantly correlated with scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.342, P < 0.01). The incidence of scoliosis was significantly correlated with hip dysplasia (r = 0.818, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury in children is closely correlated to AIS. The outcome of complete spinal cord injury is poor. The common complications after spinal cord injury in children demonstrate specific age characteristics, and the incidence of urinary tract infection, constipation, hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux, scoliosis and hip dysplasia are common complications, which need more attention.

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations and MRI features of pediatric spinal cord injury (SCI) after back bend. Methods:A retrospective study was performed. All the medical records and MRI images of children with SCI after back bend were identified in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from January 1st, 2002 to August 31st, 2020. Results:A total of 120 SCI children after back bend were reviewed, out of whom 119 cases were girls, one case was boy. The age ranged from 38 to 162 months, with the median age of 76 months. More cases were discovered in July and September every year (32 cases, 26.7%), as well as in weekends (67 cases, 55.8%). The main clinical manifestations were sensory and motor dysfunction of both lower limbs (120 cases, 100%), bladder and bowl incontinence (120 cases, 100%). The common first symptoms included sudden attack of lumbar pain (39 cases, 32.5%), lower limbs paralysis (30cases, 25.0%) and leg pain (10 cases, 8.3%). The peak time of symptoms ranged from five minutes to two days, with the median time of 50 minutes. The MRI features of 104 children with SCI within one week after back bend were as follows: the abnormal signals of MRI in spinal cord involved lower cervical and all the following segments of spinal cord. The number of the segments of spinal cord with abnormal signals ranged from two to 15, with the median of seven segments. The most common segments with abnormal signals were T₉ (96 cases, 92.3%), T₁₀ (96 cases, 92.3%) and T₁₁ (90 cases, 86.5%). Among the cases followed up, 48 cases with complete injury demonstrated a vast and serous spinal cord atrophy (SCA) below the injury segments as early as 37 days after the injury, the SCA would become worse at the chronic stage and maybe involve the spinal cord above the injury segments. In 31 cases with incomplete injury, the abnormal signals of MRI in spinal cord were limited in the lumbar enlargement, with a various degree of SCA at the late stage. All the cases were diagnosed as SCI without radiologic abnormality, out of whom 89 (74.2%) cases suffered from thoracic complete SCI, 31 (25.8%) cases suffered thoracic or lumbar incomplete SCI. The common complications included scoliosis, hip joint dysplasia, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, osteoporosis, pathological fracture of lower limbs and valgus knee. Conclusion:The main clinical symptoms of pediatric SCI after back bend were sudden lumbar pain, sensory and motor dysfunction of both lower limbs, and bladder and bowl incontinence. Most of the cases were thoracic complete SCI, the MRI features at the early stage were multiple segments of abnormal signals of spinal cord around T₉ and T₁₀, and later an extensive severe SCA below the injury segments to the conus medullaris, accompanied by the SCA above the injury segments.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence and related factors of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during intermittent catheterization in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods:Case control study was used in this study. Intermittent catheterization was performed on 44 SCI patients hospitalized from April, 2019 to April, 2020, The data of age, gender, time after injury, segment of injury, degree of injury, resting blood pressure, immediate blood pressure after catheterization, catheterization numbers, catheterization volume and duration of catheterization were collected. Descriptive analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the occurrence and related factors of AD. Results:Totally, AD happened in 26 (59.1%) patients. Urethral catheterization was done 1738 times, out of which AD accounted for 187 times (10.8%). The risk of AD increased with the time after injury and age (P < 0.05). The probability of AD was lower in T₇ SCI and below than in T₆ SCI and above (P = 0.002). Catheterization numbers, gender, degree of injury, catheterization volume and duration of catheterization were not influencing factors of AD (P > 0.05). Conclusion:It is necessary to have a full understanding for the occurrence of AD in patients with SCI during intermittent catheterization. For patients with SCI in T₆ and above, long time after injury and elderly patients, routine monitoring of blood pressure during intermittent catheterization is recommended to detect and deal with AD in time.