OBJECTIVES: To identify potential plasma lipidomic biomarkers that distinguish non-metastatic medulloblastoma (nmMB) from metastatic medulloblastoma (mMB) in children. METHODS: In this prospective study, 17 children with mMB and 20 matched children with nmMB were enrolled. Plasma samples were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Lipid metabolites were evaluated for their associations and diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis based on lipid profiles clearly separated nmMB from mMB, and 14 differential lipids were identified, including DG(18:2/20:4/0:0) and SM(d18:1/20:0). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed nine metabolites with area under the curve greater than 0.7. Differential lipids were enriched in sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and arachidonic acid metabolism, suggesting an association with the metastatic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Plasma lipidomics provides a new approach to identify mMB, and the identified lipid metabolites may support early diagnosis and treatment, prognostic assessment, and selection of therapeutic targets for metastatic medulloblastoma.
Humans ; Medulloblastoma/diagnosis* ; Lipidomics ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/blood* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Lipids/blood*

OBJECTIVE: Poxviruses are zoonotic pathogens that infect humans, mammals, vertebrates, and arthropods. However, the specific role of ticks in transmission and evolution of these viruses remains unclear. METHODS: Transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic raw data from 329 sampling pools of seven tick species across five continents were mined to assess the diversity and abundance of poxviruses. Chordopoxviral sequences were assembled and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to trace the origins of the unblasted fragments within these sequences. RESULTS: Fifty-eight poxvirus species, representing two subfamilies and 20 genera, were identified, with 212 poxviral sequences assembled. A substantial proportion of AT-rich fragments were detected in the assembled poxviral genomes. These genomic sequences contained fragments originating from rodents, archaea, and arthropods. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that ticks play a significant role in the transmission and evolution of poxviruses. These viruses demonstrate the capacity to modulate virulence and adaptability through horizontal gene transfer, gene recombination, and gene mutations, thereby promoting co-existence and co-evolution with their hosts. This study advances understanding of the ecological dynamics of poxvirus transmission and evolution and highlights the potential role of ticks as vectors and vessels in these processes.
Animals ; Poxviridae/physiology* ; Ticks/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Transcriptome ; Evolution, Molecular ; Poxviridae Infections/virology* ; Genome, Viral

OBJECTIVES: To characterize fine particulate matter (PM _2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to provide a reference for health risk prevention from PAH exposure across different age and sex groups. METHODS: Sixteen PM _2.5-bound PAHs emitted from 11 cooking styles were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The health hazards of these PAHs in the Handan City population (stratified by age and sex) were predicted using the incremental lifetime cancer risk ( ILCR) model. The respiratory deposition doses ( RDDs) of the PAHs in children and adults were calculated using the PM _2.5 deposition rates in the upper airway, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. RESULTS: The total concentrations of PM _2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 61.10 to 403.80 ng/m ³. Regardless of cooking styles, the ILCR _total values for adults (1.23 × 10 ^-6 to 3.70 × 10 ^-6) and older adults (1.28 × 10 ^-6 to 3.88 × 10 ^-6) exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00 × 10 ^-6. With increasing age, the ILCR _total value first declined and then increased, varying substantially among the population groups. Cancer risk exhibited particularly high sensitivity to short exposure to barbecue-derived PAHs under equivalent body weights. Furthermore, barbecue, Sichuan and Hunan cuisine, Chinese cuisine, and Chinese fast food were associated with higher RDDs for both adults and children. CONCLUSION ILCR _total values exceeded the acceptable limit for both females and males of adults, with all cooking styles showing a potentially high cancer risk. Our findings serve as an important reference for refining regulatory strategies related to catering emissions and mitigating health risks associated with cooking styles.
Humans ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis* ; Cooking/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Adult ; Child ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis* ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; China ; Inhalation Exposure ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; Cities ; Infant

Widespread utilization of glyphosate has led to environmental residues,posing potential threats to ecological systems and human health.Traditional methods for detection of glyphosate are limited by specialized equipment and operational techniques,resulting in inefficient responses.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a convenient,sensitive and accurate detection method for detection of glyphosate.Herein,a new naphthalenesulfonamide-based"Turn-on"fluorescent probe was synthesized using 2-chloroaniline and dansyl chloride as raw materials through a one-step process,which showed a good linear relationship between the glyphosate concentration in concentration range of 0.003-70 μmol/L and the fluorescence intensity(R2=0.995),with a detection limit of 2.73 nmol/L(S/N=3).Analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)were used to investigate the interaction mechanism between the fluorescent probe and glyphosate.The results indicated that a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurred between the probe and the secondary amine(—NH—)of glyphosate,inducing a photoinduced electron transfer(PET)effect which enhanced the fluorescence intensity by 11.2 times.The probe showed good anti-interference ability towards coexisting metal ions,anions and pesticides in water.When applied to determination of glyphosate in the samples such as tap water,river water(Xiangxi River Reservoir),soil,soybeans,and corn,the spiking recoveries ranged from 94.7％to 109.9％,demonstrating the high accuracy and broad applicability of this detection method.A portable test strip based on this fluorescent probe was developed for rapid semi-quantitative analysis of glyphosate.The developed method was rapid,sensitive,and portable,providing theoretical and technical support for on-site measurement of environmental contaminants.

Objective To compare the prognosis of differentiated bladder urothelial carcinoma(BUC)and common BUC.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to select the clinical data of 236 patients with common BUC and 40 patients with differentiated BUC who underwent radical cystectomy for muscular invasive bladder cancer from January 2012 to March 2023 in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University.A propensity score matching(PSM)method was used to reduce selection bias in observational studies.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare overall survival(OS)and disease-specific survival(CSS)between the two groups.The COX propor-tional risk model was used to analyze the effect of differentiated BUC on overall mortality risk(OMR)and cancer-specific mortality risk(CSMR).Results The median follow-up time was 30.5months,ranged from 4months to 134months.Before PSM,there were signifi-cant differences in overall mortality(OM)and cancer-specific mortality(CSM)between the differentiated BUC and the common BUC(P were 0.008,0.011).The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed the OS(P=0.020)and CSS(P=0.023)of common BUC were better than those of differentiated BUC.Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the OMR and CSMR of differentiated BUC increased by 75％(P=0.013)and 79％(P=0.029)compared with common BUC.After PSM,there was no significant difference in OM(P=0.217)and CSM(P=0.134)between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that there was no signifi-cant difference in OS(P=0.510)and CSS(P=0.340)between common BUCand differentiated BUC.Multivariate COX regression a-nalysis showed that there were no significant differences in OMR and CSMR between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion After PSM,the prognosis of differentiated BUC was not found to be inferior to that of the common BUC.Furthermore,the specific type of differ-entiation was not identified as an individual predictor of a worse prognosis.

Aim To investigate the high expression of LINC00626 in colorectal cancer,and explore the effects of LINC00626 on the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer SW480 cells,as well as its underlying mechanisms.Methods Flu-orescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to de-tect the expression levels of LINC00626 in 38 colorec-tal cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent nor-mal tissues.The JASPAR database was utilized to pre-dict co-expressed genes and their possible binding sites.Cell transfection technology was employed to knockdown LINC00626.Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques were used to verify the transfection efficien-cy.CCK-8 assay,cell apoptosis and necrosis staining,and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the proliferation,apoptosis,drug sensitivity,and ap-optotic proteins of SW480 cells,respectively.Results The FISH results indicated that LINC00626 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues(P＜0.05).The expression of LINC00626 was not associat-ed with the age or gender of patients,but was related to the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node me-tastasis($ P＜0.05 $).The results of CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis and necrosis staining showed that af-ter knockdown of LINC00626,the proliferation ability of SW480 cells decreased,the apoptosis level in-creased,and the drug resistance decreased(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that with the de-crease in the expression level of LINC00626,the ex-pression of caspase-3 protein decreased,the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expres-sion of Bcl-2 protein decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions LINC00626 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and is associated with the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis.LINC00626 can af-fect the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of SW480 cells and alter the expression of apoptotic pro-teins.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and risk factors of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)perfusion therapy after tran-surethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT)in primary and recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 122 patients with NMIBC infused with BCG vaccine after TURBT in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from May 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into the primary group(n=79)and recurrent group(n=43)according to the type of onset of the disease,and the clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were compared,including gender,age,number of tumors,pathological stage,pathological grade,and preoperative inflammation index[systemic immune inflammation index(SII),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR)].Univariate COX regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with tumor recurrence,and Kaplan-Meier was used for survival difference analysis.Results The results of Univariate COX regression analysis showed that pathological stage and grade were risk factors affecting the failure of BCG perfusion therapy in patients with recurrent bladder cancer(P＜0.05).The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the risk of recurrence of stage T1,high-grade and high-grade T1 tumors in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the primary group(P＜0.05),and the risk of recur-rence of high-grade T1 tumors in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that of other tumors(P＜0.05).Conclusion Path-ological stage and grade are risk factors for failure of BCG perfusion therapy for recurrent NMIBC.The recurrence rate of BCG perfusion therapy for recurrent high-grade T1 NMIBC is significantly higher than non-recurrent high-grade T1 stage tumors.Therefore,BCG per-fusion therapy should be chosen carefully for the treatment of recurrent high-grade T1 stage NMIBC,with the option of radical cystectomy if necessary.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and risk factors of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)perfusion therapy after tran-surethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT)in primary and recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 122 patients with NMIBC infused with BCG vaccine after TURBT in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from May 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into the primary group(n=79)and recurrent group(n=43)according to the type of onset of the disease,and the clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were compared,including gender,age,number of tumors,pathological stage,pathological grade,and preoperative inflammation index[systemic immune inflammation index(SII),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR)].Univariate COX regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with tumor recurrence,and Kaplan-Meier was used for survival difference analysis.Results The results of Univariate COX regression analysis showed that pathological stage and grade were risk factors affecting the failure of BCG perfusion therapy in patients with recurrent bladder cancer(P＜0.05).The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the risk of recurrence of stage T1,high-grade and high-grade T1 tumors in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the primary group(P＜0.05),and the risk of recur-rence of high-grade T1 tumors in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that of other tumors(P＜0.05).Conclusion Path-ological stage and grade are risk factors for failure of BCG perfusion therapy for recurrent NMIBC.The recurrence rate of BCG perfusion therapy for recurrent high-grade T1 NMIBC is significantly higher than non-recurrent high-grade T1 stage tumors.Therefore,BCG per-fusion therapy should be chosen carefully for the treatment of recurrent high-grade T1 stage NMIBC,with the option of radical cystectomy if necessary.

Aim To investigate the high expression of LINC00626 in colorectal cancer,and explore the effects of LINC00626 on the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer SW480 cells,as well as its underlying mechanisms.Methods Flu-orescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to de-tect the expression levels of LINC00626 in 38 colorec-tal cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent nor-mal tissues.The JASPAR database was utilized to pre-dict co-expressed genes and their possible binding sites.Cell transfection technology was employed to knockdown LINC00626.Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques were used to verify the transfection efficien-cy.CCK-8 assay,cell apoptosis and necrosis staining,and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the proliferation,apoptosis,drug sensitivity,and ap-optotic proteins of SW480 cells,respectively.Results The FISH results indicated that LINC00626 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues(P＜0.05).The expression of LINC00626 was not associat-ed with the age or gender of patients,but was related to the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node me-tastasis($ P＜0.05 $).The results of CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis and necrosis staining showed that af-ter knockdown of LINC00626,the proliferation ability of SW480 cells decreased,the apoptosis level in-creased,and the drug resistance decreased(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that with the de-crease in the expression level of LINC00626,the ex-pression of caspase-3 protein decreased,the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expres-sion of Bcl-2 protein decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions LINC00626 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and is associated with the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis.LINC00626 can af-fect the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of SW480 cells and alter the expression of apoptotic pro-teins.

Objective To compare the prognosis of differentiated bladder urothelial carcinoma(BUC)and common BUC.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to select the clinical data of 236 patients with common BUC and 40 patients with differentiated BUC who underwent radical cystectomy for muscular invasive bladder cancer from January 2012 to March 2023 in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University.A propensity score matching(PSM)method was used to reduce selection bias in observational studies.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare overall survival(OS)and disease-specific survival(CSS)between the two groups.The COX propor-tional risk model was used to analyze the effect of differentiated BUC on overall mortality risk(OMR)and cancer-specific mortality risk(CSMR).Results The median follow-up time was 30.5months,ranged from 4months to 134months.Before PSM,there were signifi-cant differences in overall mortality(OM)and cancer-specific mortality(CSM)between the differentiated BUC and the common BUC(P were 0.008,0.011).The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed the OS(P=0.020)and CSS(P=0.023)of common BUC were better than those of differentiated BUC.Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the OMR and CSMR of differentiated BUC increased by 75％(P=0.013)and 79％(P=0.029)compared with common BUC.After PSM,there was no significant difference in OM(P=0.217)and CSM(P=0.134)between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that there was no signifi-cant difference in OS(P=0.510)and CSS(P=0.340)between common BUCand differentiated BUC.Multivariate COX regression a-nalysis showed that there were no significant differences in OMR and CSMR between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion After PSM,the prognosis of differentiated BUC was not found to be inferior to that of the common BUC.Furthermore,the specific type of differ-entiation was not identified as an individual predictor of a worse prognosis.