Objective To assess the effect of early nutritional intervention on the patients with respiratory diseases at nutritional risk. Methods A total of 130 patients with respiratory disease who were hospitalized in Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University between May 2023 and December 2024 and had a nutritional risk screening 2002 score ≥3 points. Based on the initiation time of nutritional intervention, patients were divided into an early group (≤5 days, n＝65) and a late group (＞5 days, n＝65). Results In the early group, prealbumin (P-ALB) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) levels were significantly higher (P＜0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) levels were significantly lower after intervention (P＜0.05). Compared with the late group, the hospital costs were lower and hospital stays were shorter in the early group (P＜0.001). Spearman analysis showed ALB, P-ALB, and total protein (TP) were negatively correlated with hospital costs (r＝－0.37, －0.20, and－0.22, P＜0.05). RBP, ALB, P-ALB, and lymphocyte count (LYM) were negatively correlated with CRP (r＝－0.30, －0.26, －0.37, －0.18, P＜0.01), RBP, ALB, P-ALB, hemoglobin (HB), and TP were negatively correlated with PCT (r＝－0.23,－0.36, －0.40, －0.30, －0.19, P＜0.05). Conclusions For patients with respiratory diseases, early nutritional assessment should be underwent, and for patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 score ≥3 points, early nutritional intervention could improve the nutritional status and alleviate inflammatory response, promote recovery, shorten the hospital stays.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Qihuang needle therapy for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children with sleep disorder. METHODS: A total of 60 ASD children with sleep disorder were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with structured education intervention, 60 min each time, once a day, 6 times a week. Qihuang needle therapy was applied at Yintang (GV24⁺), Baihui (GV20) and bilateral Jueyinshu (BL14), Xinshu (BL15) in the observation group, multi-direction needling was delivered and without needle retaining. The treatment was given 2 times a week, each treatment was delivered at interval of 2 days at least. Behavioral intervention was adopted in the control group. Treatment for consecutive 12 weeks was required in both groups. Before and after treatment, the scores of children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), the autism behavior checklist (ABC), the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), and the childhood autism behavior scale (CABS) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of CSHQ, ABC, CARS and CABS were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.01), and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Qihuang needle therapy can effectively treat ASD with sleep disorder, improve the core symptoms of ASD and the sleep quality.
Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology* ; Child, Preschool ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Treatment Outcome ; Sleep ; Needles

Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers globally, with its incidence and mortality rates rising each year. Therefore, finding new, safe, and effective alternative therapies poses a significant research challenge in this field. Programmed cell death refers to the process by which cells actively self-destruct in response to specific stimuli, regulated by genetic mechanisms. Modern research indicates that dysregulation of programmed cell death is widespread in the occurrence and progression of lung cancer, allowing cancer cells to evade death while continuing to proliferate and metastasize. Thus, inducing the death of lung cancer cells can be considered a novel therapeutic strategy for treating the disease. In recent years, research on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the field of oncology has gained widespread attention, becoming a focal point. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TCM can inhibit the progression of lung cancer and exert anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death in lung cancer, along with the potential mechanisms and research advancements related to the regulation of these processes by TCM, so as to establish a theoretical foundation and direction for future basic and clinical research on lung cancer.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Animals ; Autophagy/drug effects*

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for recurrent plastic bronchitis (PB) among children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). METHODS: The clinical data of children with MPP complicated by PB who underwent bronchoscopy at Gansu Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital between July 2023 and January 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped into a single-episode PB group and a recurrent PB group according to the number of PB episodes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for recurrent PB. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of individual and combined predictors. RESULTS: A total of 264 children were included; 188 (71.2%) had a single episode of PB and 76 (28.8%) had recurrent PB. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that decreased serum albumin, atelectasis, and fever persisting beyond 72 hours after the initial bronchoscopy were significantly associated with recurrent PB (all P<0.05). The combination of these predictors yielded a sensitivity of 82.9%, specificity of 61.7%, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.777 (95%CI: 0.714-0.839), outperforming any single predictor (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In children with MPP complicated by PB, decreased serum albumin, the presence of atelectasis, and fever persisting beyond 72 hours after the initial bronchoscopy are associated with an increased risk of PB recurrence. In such cases, early repeat or multiple bronchoscopic interventions should be considered.
Humans ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Recurrence ; Child, Preschool ; Bronchitis/etiology* ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Logistic Models ; Infant ; ROC Curve ; Adolescent

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and highly malignant tumor,which includes the follow-ing five pathologic types:pleomorphic carcinoma,spindle cell carcinoma,giant cell carcinoma,carcinosarcoma and pulmonary blastoma.The onset of PSC is occult with non-specific clinical symptoms and signs.The clinical manifestations include irritat-ing cough,bloody sputum,dyspnea,chest pain and so on,which are closely related to the growth and invasion site of the tumor.PSC tends to metastasize early,so most patients are already in local advanced stage or advanced stage with a median survival of 9 months at the time of hospital visit.A patient with primary PSC which led to 90%stenosis in central airway was treated by com-bined method of vascular and tracheoscopic intervention in our respiratory center.This treatment prolonged the patient's survival time and got a satisfactory effect at 19-month follow-up after surgery.Herein we report the case for clinical reference.

Background and objective As a new technique developed in recent years,bronchoscopic interven-tion therapy has the advantages of minimal invasion,high safety and repeatability.The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of bronchopleural fistula(BPF)induced by surgeries for lung malignancies or benign diseases and the effect of bronchoscopic intervention therapy for BPF,so as to provide support for prevention and treatment of BPF.Methods Data 64 patients with BPF who were treated by bronchoscopic intervention in Respiratory Disease Cen-ter of Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from June 2020 to September 2023 were collected.Patients with fistula diameter ≤5 mm were underwent submucous injection of macrogol,combined with blocking therapy with N-butyl cyanoacrylate,medical bioprotein glue or silicone prosthesis.Patients with fistula diameter＞5 mm were im-planted with different stents and cardiac occluders.Locations and characteristics of fistulas were summarized,meanwhile,data including Karnofsky performance status(KPS),shortbreath scale(SS),body temperature,pleural drainage volume and white blood cell count before and after operation were observed.Results For all 64 patients,96 anatomic lung resections in-cluding pneumonectomy,lobectomy and segmentectomy were executed and 74 fistulas occurred in 65 fistula locations.The proportion of fistula in the right lung(63.5％)was significantly higher than that in the left(36.5％).Besides,the right inferior lobar bronchial fistula was the most common(40.5％).After operation,KPS was significantly increased,while SS,body tem-perature,pleural drainage volume and white blood cell count were significantly decreased compared to the preoperative values(P＜0.05).By telephone follow-up or readmission during 1 month to 38 months after treament,median survival time was 21 months.33 patients(51.6％)showed complete response,7 patients(10.9％)showed complete clinical response,18 patients(28.1％)showed partial response,and 6 patients(9.4％)showed no response.As a whole,the total effective rate of broncho-scopic intervention for BPF was 90.6％.Conclusion BPF induced by pulmonary surgery can lead to severe symptoms and it is usually life-threating.Bronchoscopic intervention therapy is one of the fast and effective therapeutic methods for BPF.

Pulmonary mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma(MSCGP)is a subtype of pulmonary papil-loma,which can be classified as central type and peripheral type based on its site of development.The central type is the most common.The clinical manifestations of pulmonary MSCGP are mainly related to the location of the tumor.Surgery is the main treatment for this disease.Bronchoscopic interventional treatment for the MSCGP in the central trachea could receive satis-factory effect.We reported a patient suffered from diffuse tracheal MSCGP who was treated by bronchoscopic interventional treatment in Respiratory Disease Center,Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,aiming to enhance the recognition of the clinical features and provide clinical references for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Ganoderma angustisporum J.H.Xing,B.K.Cui&Y.C.Dai and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.METHODS The ethyl acetate extract from G.angustisporum was isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS,TLC and HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.pNPG method was used to evaluate their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.RESULTS Seven compounds were isolated and identified as N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester(1),N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester(2),4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol(3),6,8-di-O-methylaverufin(4),aversin(5),methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)aceate(6),5-toluene-1,3-diol(7).Compounds 1-2,4-7 showed inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase with IC50 values being(33.80±0.47),(45.45±7.95),(48.80±5.86),(39.48±2.82),(41.47±6.68),(55.38±10.12)μmol/L,and compound 1 showed good inhibitory activity.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new natural product.Compounds 2-7 are isolated from genus Ganoderma for the first time.Compounds 1-2,4-7 have α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of acute respiratory infections in children under 12 years old in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023. MethodsAcute respiratory infection samples of children under 12 years old from three sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 were collected， and 42 respiratory infection pathogens， including influenza virus， adenovirus， parainfluenza virus， respiratory syncytial virus， human enterovirus/rhinovirus， human pulmonary virus， human bokavirus， coronavirus （229E， HKU1， NL63 and OC43）， and novel coronavirus， were detected with microfluidic chips. The situation of acute respiratory infections among outpatient and inpatient children in this area was analyzed for the before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures （2019.12‒2020.1）， during the period of non pharmacological intervention measures （2020.2‒2022.12）， and after non pharmacological intervention measures （2023.1‒2023.6）. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023， a total of 1 770 samples were collected， and 445 pathogens were detected， with a detection rate of 25.14% （445/1 770）. The main pathogens detected during the study period were influenza virus： 8.70% （154/1 770）， respiratory syncytial virus： 4.41% （78/1 770）， human enterovirus/rhinovirus： 2.66% （47/1 770）， human adenovirus： 2.49% （44/1 770）， and parainfluenza virus： 2.20% （39/1 770）. Before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures， outpatients were primarily infected with influenza， parainfluenza virus， and respiratory syncytial virus， with detection rates of 8.09%， 4.49%， and 4.04%， respectively； inpatients were mainly infected with influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and parainfluenza virus， with detection rates of 4.49%， 3.82%， and 3.15%， respectively. During the period of non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses detected in the samples of outpatient children， with detection rates of 4.04%， 3.60%， and 2.47%， respectively； inpatient samples mainly detected respiratory syncytial virus， rhinovirus， and influenza virus， with detection rates of 3.60%， 2.02%， and 1.80%， respectively. After non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main pathogens detected in the outpatients， with detection rates of 9.89%， 2.92% and 2.02%， respectively； influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and rhinovirus were the main pathogens detected in inpatient children， with detection rates of 6.29%， 1.57%， and 1.35%， respectively. ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogens related to acute respiratory infections in children is influenced by non pharmacological preventive measures.