By consulting ancient and modern literature， this article systematically reviews and verifies the historical evolution of the herbal medicine known as Baijiang across various dimensions， including name， origin， scientific name verification， medicinal parts， production area， quality， harvesting and processing， as well as its nature， taste， and therapeutic effects， in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba. Patriniae Herba has a long history of use. It derives its name from the distinctive musty odor of its roots， which resembles spoiled soy sauce. However， due to its alias Kucai， there has been much confusion with other plants. Since the Ming dynasty， various plants have been used interchangeably as Baijiang. Herbal textual research showed that Patriniae Herba was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and throughout history， Baijiang has been recognized as its standard name， though it has also been known by alternative names such as Luchang， Lujiang， and Suanyi. The main sources used throughout the ages were Patrinia scabiosaefolia or P. villosa， which is consistent with the 1977 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， while the roots were traditionally used medicinally， the whole plant is now more commonly used in modern practice. In addition， the whole plants of Thlaspi arvense from the Cruciferae family and Sonchus brachyotus from the Compositae family are commonly used as regional substitutes for Baijiang. According to ancient records， Patriniae Herba was primarily found in Jiangxia（present-day eastern Hubei province） and Jiangdong（the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River）， but modern literature shows that it is distributed throughout the country without a distinct geographical origin. In ancient times， the roots were harvested in August and sun-dried， today， the whole plant is typically dug up in summer or autumn and sun-dried. In recent times， the quality has been summarized as being best when the roots are long， the leaves are abundant and green， and the aroma is strong. Regarding the processing， ancient methods often involved baking（drying over fire）， while modern methods typically involve removing impurities， washing， and then cutting and drying the segments. The effects of Patriniae Herba are to clear heat and detoxify， eliminate blood stasis and drain pus. During the Han and Northern and Southern dynasties， it was used to treat skin diseases caused by heat， abscesses， postpartum diseases， and rheumatism， during the Five dynasties period， its therapeutic applications expanded to include diseases of the five senses， and by the modern era， conditions such as neurasthenia and insomnia were added. Regarding its properties and taste， it was recorded as bitter and neutral during the Han dynasty. By the Tang dynasty， it was slightly cold， with a taste of acrid and bitter. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties， it was mostly slightly cold and neutral， with a bitter and salty taste. In the Qing dynasty and modern times， it was mostly bitter and neutral， and in contemporary times， it has evolved to a taste of acrid， bitter， and cool. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba， one should select the entire herb of the historically mainstream sources， P. scabiosaefolia or P. villosa from the Valerianaceae family， and choose the processing method according to the prescription requirements. It is recommended to use raw products without specific requirements.

By consulting ancient and modern literature， this article systematically reviews and verifies the historical evolution of the herbal medicine known as Baijiang across various dimensions， including name， origin， scientific name verification， medicinal parts， production area， quality， harvesting and processing， as well as its nature， taste， and therapeutic effects， in order to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba. Patriniae Herba has a long history of use. It derives its name from the distinctive musty odor of its roots， which resembles spoiled soy sauce. However， due to its alias Kucai， there has been much confusion with other plants. Since the Ming dynasty， various plants have been used interchangeably as Baijiang. Herbal textual research showed that Patriniae Herba was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and throughout history， Baijiang has been recognized as its standard name， though it has also been known by alternative names such as Luchang， Lujiang， and Suanyi. The main sources used throughout the ages were Patrinia scabiosaefolia or P. villosa， which is consistent with the 1977 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， while the roots were traditionally used medicinally， the whole plant is now more commonly used in modern practice. In addition， the whole plants of Thlaspi arvense from the Cruciferae family and Sonchus brachyotus from the Compositae family are commonly used as regional substitutes for Baijiang. According to ancient records， Patriniae Herba was primarily found in Jiangxia（present-day eastern Hubei province） and Jiangdong（the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River）， but modern literature shows that it is distributed throughout the country without a distinct geographical origin. In ancient times， the roots were harvested in August and sun-dried， today， the whole plant is typically dug up in summer or autumn and sun-dried. In recent times， the quality has been summarized as being best when the roots are long， the leaves are abundant and green， and the aroma is strong. Regarding the processing， ancient methods often involved baking（drying over fire）， while modern methods typically involve removing impurities， washing， and then cutting and drying the segments. The effects of Patriniae Herba are to clear heat and detoxify， eliminate blood stasis and drain pus. During the Han and Northern and Southern dynasties， it was used to treat skin diseases caused by heat， abscesses， postpartum diseases， and rheumatism， during the Five dynasties period， its therapeutic applications expanded to include diseases of the five senses， and by the modern era， conditions such as neurasthenia and insomnia were added. Regarding its properties and taste， it was recorded as bitter and neutral during the Han dynasty. By the Tang dynasty， it was slightly cold， with a taste of acrid and bitter. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties， it was mostly slightly cold and neutral， with a bitter and salty taste. In the Qing dynasty and modern times， it was mostly bitter and neutral， and in contemporary times， it has evolved to a taste of acrid， bitter， and cool. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Patriniae Herba， one should select the entire herb of the historically mainstream sources， P. scabiosaefolia or P. villosa from the Valerianaceae family， and choose the processing method according to the prescription requirements. It is recommended to use raw products without specific requirements.

BACKGROUND:Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease that is prone to malignant transformation.Traditional treatment methods are not ideal and have limitations.As an emerging discipline,tissue engineering has opened up a new path for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral submucous fibrosis,and to summarize and analyze the role and research progress of mesenchymal stem cells,bioscaffold materials,and tissue-engineered oral mucosa in oral submucous fibrosis,thereby providing ideas for the research and clinical application of tissue engineering in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.METHODS:In October 2024,the first author used computers to search for relevant literature from January 1970 to October 2024 in PubMed and CNKI databases.The search terms were"oral submucous fibrosis,tissue engineering,mesenchymal stem cells,bioscaffold materials"in English and Chinese,respectively.A total of 166 articles were finally included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis is complex,and many factors are closely related to oral submucous fibrosis,but ultimately they promote the development of oral submucous fibrosis by promoting collagen deposition and accelerating fibroblast proliferation.(2)Traditional treatment methods for oral submucous fibrosis have problems such as low patient compliance and unsatisfactory results,and new treatment strategies are urgently needed.(3)Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the pathological microenvironment,reduce inflammation and inhibit the process of fibrosis due to their immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties,providing a new idea for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.(4)Biomass materials,as drug and cell delivery carriers,regulate the pathological microenvironment and are used in various fibrotic diseases,providing a new solution for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.(5)Tissue-engineered oral mucosa can be used as an autologous mucosa substitute to promote tissue repair,and also provides a basis for the establishment of disease models.(6)Tissue engineering treatment strategy has great potential for achieving comprehensive treatment of oral submucous fibrosis,but its role in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis has not yet been verified.It is of great significance to explore tissue engineering-based treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis in the future.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as an alternative for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in treating multiple pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 113 patients with multiple pulmonary nodules admitted to Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2020 to October 2022. The patients were divided into the RFA group (n＝50) and the VATS group (n＝63) based on the treatment method. Perioperative indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative length of hospital stay), oncological outcomes (recurrence-free survival [RFS], overall survival [OS]), and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results The operation time in the RFA group was significantly shorter than that in the VATS group ([75.2±20.1] min vs [102.3±28.7]) min, P＜0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in intraoperative blood loss and postoperative length of hospital stay. After follow-up of 24 (12, 30) months, no statistically significant differences were found in RFS (HR＝1.25, P＝0.445) or OS (HR＝1.42, P＝0.402) between the two groups. Mixed ground-glass nodules with high solid component and solid nodule were identified as independent risk factors for RFS (HR＝2.44, P＝0.023; HR＝2.97, P＝0.007) and OS (HR＝2.87, P＝0.022; HR＝3.43, P＝0.005) in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules. The total complication rate in the RFA group was lower than that in the VATS group (12.0% vs 34.9%, P＝0.009). Conclusions The efficacy of CT-guided RFA in treating multiple pulmonary nodules is comparable to that of VATS, with good safety, and it shows promise as an alternative to surgical treatment for multiple pulmonary nodules.

BACKGROUND:Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease that is prone to malignant transformation.Traditional treatment methods are not ideal and have limitations.As an emerging discipline,tissue engineering has opened up a new path for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral submucous fibrosis,and to summarize and analyze the role and research progress of mesenchymal stem cells,bioscaffold materials,and tissue-engineered oral mucosa in oral submucous fibrosis,thereby providing ideas for the research and clinical application of tissue engineering in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.METHODS:In October 2024,the first author used computers to search for relevant literature from January 1970 to October 2024 in PubMed and CNKI databases.The search terms were"oral submucous fibrosis,tissue engineering,mesenchymal stem cells,bioscaffold materials"in English and Chinese,respectively.A total of 166 articles were finally included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis is complex,and many factors are closely related to oral submucous fibrosis,but ultimately they promote the development of oral submucous fibrosis by promoting collagen deposition and accelerating fibroblast proliferation.(2)Traditional treatment methods for oral submucous fibrosis have problems such as low patient compliance and unsatisfactory results,and new treatment strategies are urgently needed.(3)Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the pathological microenvironment,reduce inflammation and inhibit the process of fibrosis due to their immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties,providing a new idea for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.(4)Biomass materials,as drug and cell delivery carriers,regulate the pathological microenvironment and are used in various fibrotic diseases,providing a new solution for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.(5)Tissue-engineered oral mucosa can be used as an autologous mucosa substitute to promote tissue repair,and also provides a basis for the establishment of disease models.(6)Tissue engineering treatment strategy has great potential for achieving comprehensive treatment of oral submucous fibrosis,but its role in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis has not yet been verified.It is of great significance to explore tissue engineering-based treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis in the future.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Periploca forrestii Schltr and their antitumor activity in vitro.METHODS Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were used for isolation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The in vitro antitumor activity was evaluated by MTT mothod.RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as lysidicichin(1),fraxidin(2),methoxylatifolone(3),corilagin(4),ligballinol(5),6-dehydroprogesterone(6),anomallenodiol(7),mustakone(8),eupatoricacid(9),honokiol(10),methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(11),5,6,7,8-tetramethoxycoumarin(12),6,7-dimethoxycoumarin(13),5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone(14),2,3,2",3"-tetrahydrospirotaxone(15),sequoiavone(16),isocubebin(17),isoquercitrin(18),mellein(19),pistaciamide(20),suberoyltrigone(21)、daucosterol(22)、berchemol(23)、confluentin(24).The IC50 value of compound 18 for lung cancer cell NCI-H596 was(27.41±3.36)μmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-24 are isolated from P.forrestii for the first time.Compound 18 has good antitumor activity in vitro.

Objective To explore the effect of influenza vaccination on the prevention of respiratory tract infection in preschool children. Methods The clinical data of 400 preschool children (1-6 years old) who were diagnosed with respiratory tract infection for the first time in department of pediatrics of Xi'an Third Hospital and second department of respiratory medicine of Xi'an Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2023 to December 2023, including acute bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia. According to the actual influenza vaccination status, the patients were divided into vaccination group (n=210) and non-vaccination group (n=190). The incidence of respiratory tract infection was compared between both groups. The fever duration, average course of disease, hospitalization rate, clinical symptoms scores (fever, cough, nasal congestion, sore throat), inflammation indicators [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NE%)] and recurrence rate after 6 months of follow-up were compared. Results The incidence of respiratory tract infection in the vaccination group was significantly lower than that in the non-vaccination group (21.43% vs 43.16%, P<0.05), and the hospitalization rate was significantly lower compared with that in the non-vaccination group (P<0.05). The scores of fever, cough, nasal congestion and sore throat were lower in the vaccination group than those in the non-vaccination group (P<0.05), and the CRP, WBC and NE% were significantly lower compared to the non-vaccination group (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate in the vaccination group was 11.11% (5/45), which was significantly lower than 26.83% (22/82) in the non-vaccination group (χ²=0.038, P=4.288<0.05). Conclusion Influenza vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infection in preschool children, relieve the symptoms and shorten the disease course after infection. Its preventive effect on influenza is particularly significant, suggesting the importance of strengthening influenza vaccination in preschool children.

Objective To explore the incidence rate and independent risk factors of synchronous multiple early gastric cancer (SMEGC) in patients with early gastric cancer, and to provide evidence for early screening and intervention of high-risk population. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 308 patients with early gastric cancer who received treatment in the hospital from March 2019 to March 2024. The incidence rate of SMEGC was counted, and the risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Results Among the 308 patients with early gastric cancer in this study, 23 cases were SMEGC and 285 were single early gastric cancer, which were included in the SMEGC group and the single group respectively. The incidence rate of SMEGC was 7.47% (23/308). Compared with the single group, the proportions of male, smoking history, tumor diameter≤2 mm, chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia degree were higher in the SMEGC group (2=4.331、8.608、4.618、6.490、4.897，P=0.037、0.003、0.032、0.001、0.027). Logistic regression analysis suggested that chronic atrophic gastritis (OR=3.133, 95%CI: 1.240-7.918) and moderate-to-severe intestinal metaplasia (OR=3.171, 95%CI: 1.252-8.029) were independent risk factors for SMEGC (P<0.05). Conclusion Some patients with early gastric cancer are SMEGC. Chronic atrophic gastritis and moderate-to-severe intestinal metaplasia are independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of SMEGC. It is recommended to regularly screen high-risk patients and optimize management strategies to reduce the risk of SMEGC.

BACKGROUND: The transcription factor POU2F1 regulates the expression levels of microRNAs in neoplasia. However, the miR-29b1/a cluster modulated by POU2F1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. METHODS: Gene expression in GC cells was evaluated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RNA in situ hybridization. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to evaluate protein interactions. Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the biological behavior of GC cells. MiR-29b1/a cluster promoter analysis and luciferase activity assay for the 3'-UTR study were performed in GC cells. In vivo tumor metastasis was evaluated in nude mice. RESULTS: POU2F1 is overexpressed in GC cell lines and binds to the miR-29b1/a cluster promoter. POU2F1 is upregulated, whereas mature miR-29b-3p and miR-29a-3p are downregulated in GC tissues. POU2F1 promotes GC metastasis by inhibiting miR-29b-3p or miR-29a-3p expression in vitro and in vivo . Furthermore, PIK3R1 and/or PIK3R3 are direct targets of miR-29b-3p and/or miR-29a-3p , and the ectopic expression of PIK3R1 or PIK3R3 reverses the suppressive effect of mature miR-29b-3p and/or miR-29a-3p on GC cell metastasis and invasion. Additionally, the interaction of PIK3R1 with PIK3R3 promotes migration and invasion, and miR-29b-3p , miR-29a-3p , PIK3R1 , and PIK3R3 regulate migration and invasion via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway in GC cells. In addition, POU2F1 , PIK3R1 , and PIK3R3 expression levels negatively correlated with miR-29b-3p and miR-29a-3p expression levels in GC tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS The POU2F1 - miR-29b-3p / miR-29a-3p-PIK3R1 / PIK3R1 signaling axis regulates tumor progression and may be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/physiology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Animals ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1/metabolism* ; Mice, Nude ; Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics* ; Male ; Immunohistochemistry ; Female

BACKGROUND: While emotional distress, encompassing anxiety and depression, has been associated with negative clinical outcomes, its impact across various clinical departments and general hospitals has been less explored. Previous studies with limited sample sizes have examined the effectiveness of specific treatments (e.g., antidepressants) rather than a systemic management strategy for outcome improvement in non-psychiatric inpatients. To enhance the understanding of the importance of addressing mental health care needs among non-psychiatric patients in general hospitals, this study retrospectively investigated the impacts of emotional distress and the effects of early detection and management of depression and anxiety on hospital length of stay (LOS) and rate of long LOS (LLOS, i.e., LOS >30 days) in a large sample of non-psychiatric inpatients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 487,871 inpatients from 20 non-psychiatric departments of a general hospital. They were divided, according to whether they underwent a novel strategy to manage emotional distress which deployed the Huaxi Emotional Distress Index (HEI) for brief screening with grading psychological services (BS-GPS), into BS-GPS ( n = 178,883) and non-BS-GPS ( n = 308,988) cohorts. The LOS and rate of LLOS between the BS-GPS and non-BS-GPS cohorts and between subcohorts with and without clinically significant anxiety and/or depression (CSAD, i.e., HEI score ≥11 on admission to the hospital) in the BS-GPS cohort were compared using univariable analyses, multilevel analyses, and/or propensity score-matched analyses, respectively. RESULTS: The detection rate of CSAD in the BS-GPS cohort varied from 2.64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.49%-2.81%) to 20.50% (95% CI: 19.43%-21.62%) across the 20 departments, with a average rate of 5.36%. Significant differences were observed in both the LOS and LLOS rates between the subcohorts with CSAD (12.7 days, 535/9590) and without CSAD (9.5 days, 3800/169,293) and between the BS-GPS (9.6 days, 4335/178,883) and non-BS-GPS (10.8 days, 11,483/308,988) cohorts. These differences remained significant after controlling for confounders using propensity score-matched comparisons. A multilevel analysis indicated that BS-GPS was negatively associated with both LOS and LLOS after controlling for sociodemographics and the departments of patient discharge and remained negatively associated with LLOS after controlling additionally for the year of patient discharge. CONCLUSION Emotional distress significantly prolonged the LOS and increased the LLOS of non-psychiatric inpatients across most departments and general hospitals. These impacts were moderated by the implementation of BS-GPS. Thus, BS-GPS has the potential as an effective, resource-saving strategy for enhancing mental health care and optimizing medical resources in general hospitals.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Psychological Distress ; Inpatients/psychology* ; Aged ; Anxiety/diagnosis* ; Depression/diagnosis*