Abnormal activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. In recent years， inhibitors targeting JAK2 and STAT3 have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates in DLBCL. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety profiles of JAK2 inhibitors （e.g.， ruxolitinib） and STAT3 inhibitors （direct small-molecule inhibitors， the antisense oligonucleotide， and proteolysis targeting chimeras， etc.） in preclinical models and clinical trials. Accumulating evidence indicates that JAK2 and STAT3 inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity and are generally well tolerated in a subset of DLBCL patients. Meanwhile， the development of novel drug delivery systems has significantly enhanced the stability， bioavailability， and targeting ability of the compounds. Furthermore， JAK2 and STAT3 inhibitors may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other therapy strategies （such as combinations with B-cell receptor signaling pathway inhibitors， immunomodulators， or other targeted drugs）. However， current clinical applications are still in their early stages. Future research should concentrate on precision treatment strategies based on the genetic subtyping of DLBCL， and further refine the delivery systems for inhibitors as well as combination drug regimens to improve clinical outcomes.

To analyze the clinical and genetic features of oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) patients and compare the phenotypic differences among various causative genes.

Objective To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on the sleep disorder and examination results of recruits.Methods At a training base,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was used to screen the recruits with sleep disorders(total score of PSQI>7).The recruits were randomly assigned to rTMS group or sham rTMS group.Both groups received cognitive and behavioral intervention therapy,including sleep health education and relaxation training.Moreover,the rTMS group was treated with rTMS at the right posterior parietal lobe by continuous theta burst stimulation(cTBS)twice a day at an interval of at least 50 min for 5 consecutive days as a course of treatment with an interval of 2 days for a total of 2 courses of treatment.The coil position and stimulus intensity of sham rTMS group were consistent with the rTMS group,but the head of subjects was perpendicular to the coil plane and there was no effective stimulation.Before and after treatment,PSQI,self-rating depression scale,generalized anxiety disorder-7 and health questionnaire-15 were used to evaluate the sleep,mood and physical state of the recruits.The training result was assessed one month after treatment.The total effective rate of PSQI improvement and examination results were compared between the two groups.The independent influencing factors of excellent examination result were analyzed.Results Among 351 recruits,83 with sleep disorders completed treatment and follow-up.There were 40 patients in the rTMS group and 43 patients in the sham rTMS group.There was no significant difference between the two groups at baseline.After treatment,the total effective rate of PSQI improvement in the rTMS group was higher than that in the sham rTMS group(77.50%vs 53.49%,P=0.022).The average examination score and excellent rate of the rTMS group were higher than those of the sham rTMS group(91.58±3.19 vs 89.47±4.67,P=0.020;85%vs 65.12%,P=0.037).Logistic regression analysis showed that the treatment mode(rTMS group)was the independent influencing factor of excellent examination results(P=0.032).Conclusion rTMS can effectively and safely improve the sleep disorders and examination results of recruits.rTMS may play a positive role in improving the learning and training effect of recruits,which needs to be further proved.

Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a common adverse drug reaction in clinical practice,which can lead to acute liver failure and even death in severe cases.In recent years,with the continuous introduction of new drugs and the expansion of their usage,the incidence and mortality rates of DILI have shown an upward trend,posing significant challenges to public health and clinical treatment.Macrophages,as a crucial component of the innate immune system,exhibit high plasticity and heterogeneity.They can polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 type or anti-inflammatory M2 type in response to microenvironmental signals.Research has demonstrated that macrophage polarization plays a central regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of DILI by influencing various processes such as inflammatory responses,cell apoptosis,and tissue repair.This review focuses on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms and roles of macrophage polarization in DILI,providing a theoretical framework for developing precise immunotherapeutic strategies.

In this experiment, self-assembled nanoparticles(SANs) were prepared by the pH-driven method, and Her-HCP SAN was constructed by using herpetrione(Her) and Herpetospermum caudigerum polysaccharides(HCPs). The average particle size and polydispersity index(PDI) were used as evaluation indexes for process optimization, and the quality of the final formulation was evaluated in terms of particle size, PDI, Zeta potential, and microstructure. The proposed Her-HCP SAN showed a spheroid structure and uniform morphology, with an average particle size of(244.58±16.84) nm, a PDI of 0.147 1±0.014 8, and a Zeta potential of(-38.52±2.11) mV. Her-HCP SAN significantly increased the saturation solubility of Her by 2.69 times, with a cumulative release of 90.18% within eight hours. The results of in vivo unidirectional intestinal perfusion reveal that Her active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) is most effectively absorbed in the jejunum, where both K_a and P_(app) are significantly higher compared to the ileum(P<0.001). However, the addition of HCP leads to a significant reduction in the P_(app) of Her in the jejunum(P<0.05). Furthermore, the formation of the Her-HCP SAN results in a notably lower P_(app) in the jejunum compared to Her API alone(P<0.001), while both K_a and P_(app) in the ileum are significantly increased(P<0.001, P<0.05). The absorption of Her-HCP SAN at different concentrations in the ileum shows no significant differences, and the pH has no significant effect on the absorption of Her-HCP SAN in the ileum. The addition of the transporter protein inhibitors(indomethacin and rifampicin) significantly increases the absorption parameters K_a and P_(app) of Her-HCP SAN in the ileum(P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas the addition of verapamil has no significant effect on the intestinal absorption parameters of Her-HCP SAN, suggesting that Her may be a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and breast cancer resistance proteins but not a substrate of P-glycoprotein.
Nanoparticles/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacokinetics* ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects* ; Animals ; Rats ; Particle Size ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Drug Compounding ; Cucurbitaceae/chemistry*

To investigate the effects of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and their molecular mechanism, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE1 and CNE2 were used. They were divided into control group(30% blank serum medium), low-(10% drug-containing serum + 20% blank serum medium), medium-(20% drug-containing serum + 10% blank serum medium), and high-(30% drug-containing serum medium) concentration group of Biyan Jiedu Capsules according to in vitro experiment. After 24 h of intervention, the effects of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 were detected by CCK-8 assay, clonal formation experiment, and EdU staining. The effect of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on apoptosis of CNE1 and CNE2 was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the effect of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the expression of X-linked apoptosis inhibitor protein(XIAP), survivin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), and PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in CNE1 and CNE2. The results showed that compared with the control group, the survival rate of CNE1 and CNE2 in the medium and high concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules could be decreased in a concentration-dependent way(P<0.05, P<0.01). At the same time, EdU staining and clonal formation experiments showed that the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 was significantly inhibited in the medium and high concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules(P<0.05, P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of CNE1 and CNE2 was significantly increased in all concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules(P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate was concentration-dependent. Western blot showed that the expressions of XIAP, survivin, PCNA, p-PI3K, and p-Akt in all concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01). In conclusion, Biyan Jiedu Capsules can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells possibly by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Capsules ; Carcinoma/drug therapy*

Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiangtang （CGG）is a classic prescription in the Treatise on Cold Damage，which has the effects of clearing and relieving stagnation heat in Shaoyang，warming and dissolving water drink，and relieving the pivot mechanism. It is a classic prescription for treating spleen deficiency and liver depression and stopping internal stagnation caused by water drink. The formula is exquisite and well-matched and is often modified and used by ancient and modern medical practitioners to treat various miscellaneous diseases of internal and external medicine，with significant therapeutic effects. In recent years，with the rapid development of modern pharmacology，research on the micro mechanism of CGG has been continuously developed and deepened，providing new ideas for the treatment of diseases with CGG. Therefore，the authors systematically searched databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure，Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform，VIP Database， and PubMed for literature on the clinical application and pharmacological mechanism of CGG published by Chinese and foreign scholars in recent years. This article summarized the literature from two aspects：the modern clinical application and mechanism of action of CGG and elaborated on the diseases treated by CGG in modern literature，involving digestive system，respiratory system，nervous system，endocrine system，circulatory system，urinary system，gynecology，as well as its application in reducing the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy， gynecology， dermatology， ophthalmology， and orthopedics. At the same time，the mechanism of CGG in treating diseases may be related to anti-inflammatory，anti-oxidative stress， regulation of immunity， anti-fibrosis， anti-tumor， improvement of gastrointestinal flora and motility， protection of liver tissue， reduction of blood lipids and blood sugar， and regulation of hormone levels.

Objective:To investigate whether intermittent fasting alleviates insulin resistance in a polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) mouse model through the regulation of autophagy.Methods:Fifty 3-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into the following groups using a random number table: normal control(NC) group( n=10), maintained on a standard chow diet; high-fat diet(HFD) group( n=10) fed a diet with 60% of calories derived from fat; and PCOS model group( n=30), established by combining a HFD with dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) administration. Successful modeling was confirmed by disrupted estrous cycles, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The PCOS model mice were further divided into three groups: PCOS group( n=9), PCOS with intermittent fasting group(PCOS+ IF, n=9), and PCOS with intermittent fasting plus the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA) group(PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA, n=9). Autophagy levels were assessed by detecting markers LC3 and p62 and observing autophagosomes via transmission electron microscopy. Glucose tolerance test(GTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT) were performed, and the area under the curve(AUC) was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Western blotting was used to detect phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and p70S6 kiase(p70S6K). Results:Compared with the NC group, the PCOS model group showed absent estrous cycles, significantly elevated serum testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and luteinizing hormone(LH) levels( P<0.001), and polycystic ovarian changes on hematoxylin-eosin staining, confirming successful model establishment. Immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting demonstrated that autophagy levels were increased in the PCOS+ IF group compared with the PCOS group, while 3-MA administration reduced the intermittent fasting - induced autophagy. The AUC values for both GTT and ITT were significantly lower in the PCOS+ IF group than those in the PCOS group( P<0.001, P=0.003), but increased in the PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA group compared to the PCOS+ IF group( P<0.001, P=0.020). Western blotting analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were significantly decreased in the PCOS+ IF group compared with the PCOS group( P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), and increased in the PCOS+ IF+ 3-MA group compared with the PCOS+ IF group( P=0.021, P=0.041, P=0.047, and P=0.024, respectively). Conclusions:Intermittent fasting alleviates insulin resistance in a PCOS mouse model through inhibitiing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoting autophagy.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Astragali Complanati Semen in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia;To provide theoretical basis for its clinical application.Methods The active components of Astragali Complanati Semen were retrieved and screened through TCMSP,TCMID and TDT databases to obtain the action targets of the active components.Hyperlipidemia targets were obtained through GeneCards,DisGeNET,and TTD databases,and the drug active component targets were intersected with hyperlipidemia targets.Cytoscape 3.9.1 software and STRING database were used to construct active component-target network and protein-protein interaction network,screening for major active components and core targets.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database,and the CB-Dock platform was used for molecular docking.HepG2 cells were induced to construct a high-fat cell model using oleic acid and palmitic acid,and intervened with Astragali Complanati Semen freeze-dried powder solution.The mRNA expression of the core target was detected by RT-qPCR.Results A total of 10 active components of Astragali Complanati Semen and 67 potential action targets of hyperlipidemia were identified,involving signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE,lipid metabolism,HIF-1,etc.Experimental results showed that intervention with Astragali Complanati Semen could reduce lipid accumulation in the high-lipid cell model,with an optimal intervention concentration of 500 μg/mL;RT-qPCR revealed significant down-regulation of TNFα,IL6,AKT1,PPARG,and other genes after intervention with Astragali Complanati Semen.Conclusion Astragali Complanati Semen exerts lipid-regulating effects through multiple targets and pathways,providing a basis for its application in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Objective To investigate the current nursing practice of nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICUs and analyze their influencing factors in order to improve the training program and promote the development of standardized and precise nursing practice.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select nutritional support nurses in ICUs in 29 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from October 2023 to March 2025,and the self-developed questionnaire on nursing practice behaviors of nutritional support nurses in ICUs was used to conduct the survey.SPSS 21.0 software was used for descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results A total of 774 questionnaires were distributed,and 766 valid questionnaires were collected,with a recovery rate of 98.97％,and the score of the questionnaire on nursing practice behaviors of nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICU was(90.41±1 1.82).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,presence of a nutritional support nursing team in the hospital,a standardized process of nutritional support nursing in the department,clear positional responsibilities of the nutritional support nursing team members,and inclusion of the nutritional support status of the patients in the quality management of the department were the factors influencing the nursing practice behavior scores of the nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICUs(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in the ICUs have a high level of nursing practice behavior,but there is a need for further standardization in parenteral nutrition infusion and monitoring of complications.ICU nursing managers should formulate improvement strategies to address the weaknesses of clinical practice,strengthen nutritional support training,and improve the quality management program,and further improve the practical ability of nurses specializing in nutritional support.