Inflammatory diseases (IDs) are a general term of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation as the primary pathogenetic mechanism, which seriously affect the quality of patient′s life and cause significant social and medical burden. Current drugs for IDs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and antioxidants, but these drugs may cause gastrointestinal side effects, induce or worsen infections, and cause non-response or intolerance. Given the outstanding performance of metal polyphenol network (MPN) in the fields of drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and catalytic therapy, its application in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs has attracted much attention and significant progress has been made. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the types of IDs and their generating mechanisms, then sort out and summarize the different forms of MPN in recent years, and finally discuss in detail the characteristics of MPN and their latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of IDs. This research may provide useful references for scientific research and clinical practice in the related fields.

Six compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by using various column chromatographic methods, such as MCI Gel CHP-20, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were identified to be citrusin G (1), citrusin H (2), citrusin E (3), syringin (4), coniferin (5), methylconiferin (6) by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 were new secondary metabolism products and 3-6 were obtained from the titled material for the first time. Compound 1 showed anti-renal fibrosis activity in TGF-β1-induced kidney proximal tubular cells.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Through a comprehensive analysis of four cases involving repeated forensic clinical identification on the degree of human injury,disability grade,causal relationship of injury and disease,medical damage liability dispute,the reasons for the emergence of different appraisal opinions are explored.According to the reasons for the disputed conclusion,the deviation or error of the appraisal opinion can be classified in a variety of ways.Among them,the inherent limitations of theories and methods used as appraisal bases,the lack of operational skills or cognitive ability of appraisers,the unclear provisions of appraisal standards and the lack of adequacy and validity in the process of analysis and reasoning are the key reasons for the deviation or error of appraisal opinions.In light of these findings,it is necessary to strengthen the review of expert opinions in judicial practice and form a powerful error correction mechanism.

Objective To explore the effect of curcumin(CUR)on oxidative damage of keratinocytes induced by ultraviolet B(UVB)irradiation through Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway.Methods Human keratinocytes of HaCaT were cultured normally in vitro,and the keratinocyte oxidative damage model was established by the irradiation of 57 mJ/cm2 UVB.The cells with normal culture were as the control group,the cells treated after modeling were as the UVB group,the cells treated with 5 μmol/L CUR after modeling were as the CUR group,the cells treated with 100 μg/L TLR4 inhibitor of TAK-242 after modeling were as the TAK-242 group,and the cells treated with 5 μmol/L CUR and 100 nmol/L TLR4 activator of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were as the CUR+LPS group.qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression levels of TLR4,NF-κB,and NLRP3 mRNAs of cells in each group.CCK-8 was applied to detect the cell proliferation in each group.The relative content of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the viabilities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT),and the concentrations of glutathione(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)of cells in each group were detected by fluorescence assay according to the kit instruction.ELISA kit was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)of cells in each group.Flow cytometry was applied to detect the cell apoptosis in each group.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proliferation related protein of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),apoptosis related proteins[B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)],and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway related proteins(TLR4,NF-κB and NLRP3)of cells in each group.Results Compared with the Control group,the cell survival rate,the expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins,the viabilities of SOD and CAT,and the GSH concentration in the UVB group decreased,while the apoptosis rate,the level of Bax protein,the relative content of ROS,the concentration of MDA,the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4,NF-κB and NLRP3 increased(P<0.05).Compared with the UVB group,the cell survival rate,the expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins,the viabilities of SOD and CAT,and the GSH concentration in the TAK-242 group and CUR group increased,while the apoptosis rate,the level of Bax protein,the relative content of ROS,the concentration of MDA,the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4,NF-κB and NLRP3 decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the CUR group,the cell survival rate,the expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins,the viabilities of SOD and CAT,and the GSH concentration in the CUR+LPS group decreased,while the apoptosis rate,the level of Bax protein,the relative content of ROS,the concentration of MDA,the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4,NF-κB and NLRP3 increased(P<0.05).Conclusion CUR can increase the antioxidant stress level of keratinocytes,alleviate inflammatory response,promote cell proliferation,and improve cell damage caused by UVB irradiation,which may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Chinese medicine intestinal administration(CMIA)can avoid the degradation of drugs in gastric acid,bypass the first-pass effect of the liver,and deliver drugs directly to the lesion site.This approach increases local drug concentration,reduces drug dosage,and enhances bioavailability.This study systematically introduces the advantages,drug dosage forms,and whole-colon deliv-ery technologies of CMIA for treating UC,and reviews its mechanisms of action,including repairing intestinal epithelial layer and mu-cous layer,regulating the intestinal microbiota,improving immune function,and promoting local blood circulation.It also analyzes the current progress and limitations of research,aiming to provide a more solid theoretical basis for the treatment of UC with Chinese medi-cine and to offer references for the development of UC therapeutic drugs and administration methods.

Objective To explore the effect of scalp combined with intradermal-needle acupuncture synchronized rehabilitation ther-apy on upper limb motor function in stroke patients.Methods From December,2022 to December,2023,144 stroke patients with upper limb motor dysfunction in the Affili-ated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control,intra-dermal-needle,scalp-acupuncture and acupuncture groups(36 cases repectively).All groups received convention-al treatment and upper limb rehabilitation training,the intradermal-needle group added intradermal-needle thera-py,the scalp-acupuncture group added scalp-acupuncture therapy,and the acupuncture group added both scalp-and intradermal-needle therapies,for four weeks.They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Ex-tremities(FMA-UE),Wolf Motor Function Test(WMFT)and modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after treatment.Twenty cases were selected randomly from each group,fractional anisotropy(FA)values and ratio of fractional anisotropy(rFA)of the lesion area and the posterior limb of the internal capsule were also measured with diffusion tensor imaging.Results Two cases dropped out in both the control group and the intradermal-needle group,while one case dropped out in both the scalp-acupuncture group and the acupuncture group.All groups showed significant improvement in FMA-UE,WMFT and MBI scores,as well as in the FA and rFA values of the lesion area and the posterior limb of the internal capsule(t>5.532,P<0.001)after treatment.The acupuncture group demonstrated the greatest pre-to post-treatment differences in FMA-UE scores,lesion-area FA and rFA values,and posterior-limb rFA val-ues compared with the other three groups(|Z|>3.256,P<0.05),and more WMFT and MBI improvements than those of the intradermal-needle group and the control group(|Z|>5.483,P<0.001).A significant interaction ef-fect was observed between intradermal and scalp acupuncture in improving FMA-UE scores(partial η2=0.035,P=0.029).The change in FMA-UE scores was positively correlated with the change in FA values of the posteri-or limb of the internal capsule(r>0.453,P<0.05)across four groups.Conclusion Scalp combined with intradermal-needle acupuncture synchronized rehabilitation therapy can more effec-tively improve upper-limb motor function in stroke patients,which may associate with the recovery of internal capsule.

Objective To evaluate the quality of ketoconazole lotion produced by different domestic companies.Methods Legal standards and exploratory research were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of 45 batches(40 batch numbers)of ketoconazole lotion for national drug sampling inspection in 2024,including related substances,antioxidant content,packaging oxygen permeability,in vitro permeation test,and viscosity,antibacterial efficacy,irritation,microstructure,etc.Results The legal standard inspection pass rate was 100.0%.Correlation analysis found that the main factors affecting the quality of this product are prescription technology and packaging.Conclusion It is recommended that manufacturers optimize the prescription process as soon as possible,and pay attention to choose suitable packaging materials,effectively improve the quality of ketoconazole lotion.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a domestically developed robotic surgical system based on fiber-optic dedicated line communication in cross-regional urological telesurgery.Methods:This was multicenter，single-arm，retrospective case series study. The data of patients who underwent urological telesurgeries using the telesurgical system between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. The cohort included 59 patients from seven hospitals across China. Among the patients，47 were male（79.7%）and 12 were female（20.3%），with a median age of 63.0（56.0，68.0）years and a body mass index of（24.7 ± 3.0）kg/m 2. Surgical procedures included 32 radical prostatectomies，24 partial nephrectomies，one radical nephrectomy，one adrenalectomy，and one ureteral reconstruction. The perioperative indicators，pathological results and postoperative complications were analyzed. The network monitoring data were collected，and the perioperative data of patients，remote system monitoring data and costs were compared between the two communication modes of optical transport network（OTN）and cloud-connect network（CCN）. Results:All 59 remote surgeries were successfully completed，with a mean operative time of（138.0 ± 54.0）minutes，median intraoperative blood loss of 50.0（30.0，100.0）ml and a postoperative hospital stay of 5.0（4.0，6.0）days. No cases required reoperation，Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications，or readmission. The geographical distance between the primary and remote surgical sites ranged from 450 to 2 800 km. Network monitoring revealed increased bidirectional latency with distance increasing：the shortest latency time（Hefei-Hangzhou，450 km）was（16.59 ± 0.80）ms，while the longest（Harbin-Hangzhou，2 200 km）latency time was（53.31 ± 0.31）ms. Average frame loss per procedure was 0?1.27 frames. The results of subgroup analysis comparing OTN and CCN communication modes showed no significant differences in operative time［（130.7 ± 70.5）minutes vs.（142.1 ± 42.9）minutes， P = 0.442］，postoperative hospitalization［6.0（4.0，8.0）d vs. 5.0（4.0，6.0）d， P = 0.581］，or readmission rates（0 vs. 0）. However，CCN demonstrated significant cost advantages with 500 RMB per operation vs. 3 000 RMB per operation for OTN. Conclusions:Urological telesurgery using fiber-optic communication is feasible. The CCN mode，with its cost-effectiveness，excellent usability，and multi-point interconnection flexibility，is currently the preferred communication model for telesurgical applications.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of the posterior to anterior malleolar extended lateral approach (PAMELA) in the treatment of quadrimalleolar fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 12 patients with quadrimalleolar fracture who had been admitted to Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Henan Luoyang Orthopaedic & Traumatological Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. There were 5 males and 7 females, with an age of (37.3±12.2) years and a duration from injury to surgery of (8.8±3.5) d. Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced Chaput tubercle fractures, lateral and posterior malleolar fractures were conducted through the PAMELA for all patients. The incision exposure, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and incision healing were noted. Postoperatively, the fracture reduction was evaluated using the Burwell-Charnley criteria. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the final follow-up using the ankle-hindfoot score of American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint.Results:Good exposure of the Chaput tubercle, anterolateral tibiotalar joint, and lateral and posterior malleoli was achieved during surgery in all patients. The follow-up time for the 12 patients was (14.3±1.8) months, the operation time (152.5±26.0) minutes, and the intraoperative bleeding (137.5±44.1) mL. All incisions healed at the first stage postoperatively without any complications. According to the Burwell-Charnley criteria, anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients. CT scans showed good reduction of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. At the final follow-up, their AOFAS score was (94.1±8.3) points, VAS 0 (0, 1) point, and ankle joint ROM 17.5°±9.0° for dorsiflexion and 35.2°±9.6° for plantarflexion.Conclusions:In the treatment of quadrimalleolar fractures, because the PAMELA can lead to good exposure of the anterolateral ankle joint, distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, and lateral and posterior malleolar fractures, it results in a high rate of anatomic reduction of the fractures, safe incisions and limited soft tissue complications. Therefore, it is a safe, simple, and effective surgical approach.