ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Tianxiang pills （TXP） alleviates myocardial cell pyroptosis in the rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury through modulating the reactive oxygen species （ROS）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD） signaling pathway. MethodsA total of 54 SPF-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into six groups （n=9）： sham （thoracotomy only without ligation）， I/R （left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 30 min followed by reperfusion）， NAC （positive control， N-acetylcysteine， 150 mg·kg^-1， by gavage）， low-dose Tianxiang pills （TXP-L， 2.5 g·kg^-1， by gavage）］， medium-dose Tianxiang pills （TXP-M， 5 g·kg^-1， by gavage）， and high-dose Tianxiang pills （TXP-H， 10 g·kg^-1， by gavage）. The fluorescent probe method was employed to measure the ROS level. Biochemical assay kits were employed to determine the Caspase-1 activity， superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of proteins in the ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway， including GSDMD， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1 ratio， the N-terminal domain of GSDMD （GSDMD-N）， and the p22-phox subunit of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase complex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was utilized to determine the concentration of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial structure and to score the degree of mitochondrial swelling. ResultsCompared with the Sham group， the I/R group exhibited elevated the levels of ROS， Caspase-1 activity， GSDMD expression， IL-1β concentration， MDA content， infarct area， mitochondrial swelling score， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， and p22phox and decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Compared with the I/R group， NAC and different doses of TXP significantly reduced the ROS level， Caspase-1 activity， GSDMD expression， IL-1β concentration， MDA content， infarct area， and mitochondrial swelling score. Moreover， they downregulated the expression of cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， and p22phox and increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Furthermore， TXP exerted effects on ROS， MDA， SOD， GSH-Px， Caspase-1 activity， GSDMD expression， IL-1β concentration， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， p22phox， infarct area， and mitochondrial swelling score in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. ConclusionTianxiang pills alleviates myocardial I/R injury by mitigating oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis through the inhibition of the ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To establish standardized operating procedures,result interpretation guidelines,and clinical application protocols for dust mite-nasal allergen challenge(NAC),and to systematically evaluate its operational reliability and safety.METHODS Patients with positive serum-specific IgE(sIgE)against mites and healthy controls were enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024.Demographic and clinical information was systematically collected.A standardized mite allergen extract was utilized to prepare the challenge solution for all participants.Bilateral synchronous nasal spray challenges were conducted using progressively increasing concentrations(1 000,3 000,10 000,and 30 000 BU/ml).During the challenge,total nasal symptom scores,visual analogue scale,acoustic rhinometry,active anterior rhinomanometry,and four-phase rhinomanometry were assessed,and all evaluation data and diagnostic outcomes were documented accordingly.RESULTS Compared to the baseline measurements,both subjective symptom scores and objective evaluation indicators in patients demonstrated statistically significant changes following NAC(P≤0.001).Among these patients,40 individuals(81.6%)exhibited a positive response to the dust mite-NAC.All healthy control subjects showed negative results in the test.CONCLUSION This study established standardized operating procedures and clinical application guidelines for the dust mite-NAC.These encompass indications,contraindications,preparation of stimulation solutions,procedural steps,operational standards,criteria for positive results,and pre-/post-examination precautions,thereby providing a clinically actionable framework for dust mite-NAC implementation.

Objective To investigate the genetic differences among different populations based on 13 autosomal STR loci in CODIS core.Methods Data of 13 autosomal STR loci(CSF1PO,FGA,THO1,TPOX,vWA,D3S1358,D5S818,D7S820,D8S1179,D13S317,D16S539,D18S51,D21S11)were collected from 95 populations in scientific journals between 1999 and 2021,soursed from the PubMed database,which had been published.Allele frequencies of loci were sorted out and forensic genetic parameters including gene differentiation coefficient(Gst),total heterozygosity(Ht),subpopula-tion heterozygosity(Hs)values,and Nei's DA genetic distance were calculated.Principal component analysis,phylogenetic tree,and multidimensional scale analysis were conducted to assess population ge-netic structure.Results A total of 265 alleles were detected at the 13 STR loci in these 95 popula-tions.The mean values of Gst,Ht,and Hs were 0.023 247,0.797 915 and 0.779 365.Population genetic analyses reflected significant differences among populations from Asia,Africa and Europe.In Asian populations,there was a certain degree of distinction between mainland and island populations;the Han population showed a certain degree of distinction with surrounding populations in mainland;while within the Han population,there were two distinct clusters formed by the northern Han and the south-ern Han.Conclusion The 13 autosomal STR loci in CODIS core demonstrate potential value for popu-lation identification across different groups,and may be used for the differentiation of ethnic groups,among different continental populations.

This article presents a comprehensive review of new methods for target identification of complex components in tradi-tional Chinese medicine(TCM)and research progress in their applications.It systematically summarizes classical approaches and cutting-edge technical systems for target identification,cov-ering multiple strategies such as proteomic analysis,fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)technology,network pharma-cology prediction models,high-throughput biochip screening,tar-get capture strategies based on molecular affinity fishing,gene site-directed mutagenesis verification,and co-crystallization structure analysis of target proteins.The review emphasizes the critical role of target identification in elucidating the action mechanisms of TCM and facilitating new drug development,lay-ing a foundation for promoting the modernization of TCM.

Objective To analyze the microanatomical characteristics of the internal carotid artery(ICA)bifurcation through the lateral orbital keyhole(LOK)approach,thereby providing anatomical support for clipping the ICA bifurcation aneurysm.Methods A total of 15 cases(30 sides)of frozen cadaveric head specimens fixed with 10%formaldehyde and infused with red and blue latexes were selected.Craniotomy was performed by simulated LOK approach.The structure,and the course and quantity of the surrounding major perforator vessels of the ICA bifurcation were observed under the microscope,and the relevant data were recorded.Results The terminal diameter of ICA was(5.40±0.65)mm,and the length of ICA above the optic nerve plane was(11.99±1.86)mm.The proximal diameter of A1 was(1.85±0.26)mm,and the length of A1 was(12.90±3.13)mm;meanwhile,the proximal diameter of M1 was(3.64±0.64)mm,and the length of M1 was(15.54±2.10)mm.There were significant differences in the proximal diameter and length between A1 and M1(P<0.05).The angle between A1 and ICA was(77.61±19.43)°,while the angle between M1 and ICA was(137.93±10.31)°,and the difference between the two was statistically significant(P<0.001).There was no obvious linear relationship between the diameter ratio of A1 and ICA and the angle between A1 and ICA,and there was no obvious linear relationship between the diameter ratio of M1 and ICA and the angle between M1 and ICA.The peripheral perforator branches mainly consisted of 8.50(5.00,12.00)branches deriving from the proximal end of A1,0.50(0,3.25)branch deriving from the proximal end of M1,0(0,0.25)branch deriving from the distal end of ICA,(8.80±2.40)branches deriving from the posterior communicating artery,and(9.60±3.80)branches deriving from the anterior choroidal artery.The recurrent artery of Heubner was found in 28 sides,its main body could be the single trunk(30.00%),double trunk(43.00%),and triple trunk(20.00%).Conclusion The main structure and perforator branches of the ICA bifurcation can be clearly exposed through the LOK approach.When applying the LOK approach,it should be combined with the bifurcation angle,perforator branches distribution,and vascular variation characteristics of ICA bifurcation to optimize the aneurysm clipping plan,thereby thoroughly treating the lesion and minimizing the injury risk of perforator branches.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of change of brain function among civil pilots in prospective memory tasks by using task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a cue-based repetitive search task.Methods:A total of 85 subjects were enrolled, including 47 civil pilots (pilot group) and 38 ordinary workers (control group). The task-state fMRI data during the execution of the prospective memory task was analyzed using a general linear model to find out about the activation patterns of brain functions in the 2 groups in the 3 phases of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of the prospective memory task. The differences in activation patterns between the 2 groups and correlations between regions of interest and the rate of accuracy, reaction time and flying hours were analyzed.Results:The repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were no interactions of reaction time or of the rate of accuracy between the task and grouping ( P>0.05), and that the difference in the main effect of grouping was significant ( F=5.67, 15.46, P=0.020, <0.001). The difference in the main effect of grouping on the rate of accuracy was significant ( F=5.42, P=0.022), and the rate of accuracy in the pilot group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.048). In the phase of encoding, the activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and temporal lobe regions decreased in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.68-4.13, all P<0.05), while the activation in the fusiform gyrus and the right parietal superior gyrus increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 3.35, 3.02, P=0.038, 0.024, 0.042). During the phase of maintenance, the pilot group showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyri, and the right middle temporal gyrus compared with the control group ( t=2.24-3.36, P<0.05 or 0.01). In the retrieval phase, activation in the right peri-calcarine cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri was enhanced in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.57-3.35, all P<0.05), especially in the right middle frontal gyrus ( t=3.12, P=0.007). In the encoding phase, activation was increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right parietal superior gyrus of the pilot group, which was positively correlated with flying hours in the last 3 months ( r=0.347, 0.418, P=0.020, 0.005). Conclusions:Due to long-term flights, the way in which such regions as the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and default mode network are activated in civil pilots is likely to undergo some changes during prospective memory activities, which is why they have higher processing efficiency when performing prospective memory tasks.

This article presents a comprehensive review of new methods for target identification of complex components in tradi-tional Chinese medicine(TCM)and research progress in their applications.It systematically summarizes classical approaches and cutting-edge technical systems for target identification,cov-ering multiple strategies such as proteomic analysis,fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)technology,network pharma-cology prediction models,high-throughput biochip screening,tar-get capture strategies based on molecular affinity fishing,gene site-directed mutagenesis verification,and co-crystallization structure analysis of target proteins.The review emphasizes the critical role of target identification in elucidating the action mechanisms of TCM and facilitating new drug development,lay-ing a foundation for promoting the modernization of TCM.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To examine the impact of returned migration experience on the prevalence of non-sui-cidal self-injury(NSSI)and its associations with childhood emotional maltreatment(EM),social support and sleep quality.Methods:A total of 3 901 middle school students in Guizhou Province were investigated with the Adoles-cent NSSI behavior Questionnaire,Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short Form(CTQ-SF),Adolescent Social Sup-port Scale,and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Results:The prevalence of NSSI among middle school students in Guizhou province was 22.8％,with the rate of 27.3％among returned migrant middle school students.Social support and sleep quality partially mediate the relationship between childhood EM and NSSI in mid-dle school students,with effect sizes of 0.06.The EM scores of returned migrant middle school students(β=-0.62)and non-returned migrant middle school students(β=-0.50)were negatively correlated with social sup-port scores in childhood.The sleep quality scores of returned migrant students(β=0.22)and non-returned migrant students(β=0.14)were positively correlated with NSSI scores.Conclusion:The prevalence of NSSI in returned migrant students is higher.Social support and sleep quality play an important role in the relationship between child-hood EM and NSSI in middle school students.The relationship between childhood EM and social support,sleep quality and NSSI in returned migrant middle school students is stronger than that in non-returned migrant middle school students.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of change of brain function among civil pilots in prospective memory tasks by using task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a cue-based repetitive search task.Methods:A total of 85 subjects were enrolled, including 47 civil pilots (pilot group) and 38 ordinary workers (control group). The task-state fMRI data during the execution of the prospective memory task was analyzed using a general linear model to find out about the activation patterns of brain functions in the 2 groups in the 3 phases of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of the prospective memory task. The differences in activation patterns between the 2 groups and correlations between regions of interest and the rate of accuracy, reaction time and flying hours were analyzed.Results:The repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were no interactions of reaction time or of the rate of accuracy between the task and grouping ( P>0.05), and that the difference in the main effect of grouping was significant ( F=5.67, 15.46, P=0.020, <0.001). The difference in the main effect of grouping on the rate of accuracy was significant ( F=5.42, P=0.022), and the rate of accuracy in the pilot group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.048). In the phase of encoding, the activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and temporal lobe regions decreased in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.68-4.13, all P<0.05), while the activation in the fusiform gyrus and the right parietal superior gyrus increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 3.35, 3.02, P=0.038, 0.024, 0.042). During the phase of maintenance, the pilot group showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyri, and the right middle temporal gyrus compared with the control group ( t=2.24-3.36, P<0.05 or 0.01). In the retrieval phase, activation in the right peri-calcarine cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri was enhanced in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.57-3.35, all P<0.05), especially in the right middle frontal gyrus ( t=3.12, P=0.007). In the encoding phase, activation was increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right parietal superior gyrus of the pilot group, which was positively correlated with flying hours in the last 3 months ( r=0.347, 0.418, P=0.020, 0.005). Conclusions:Due to long-term flights, the way in which such regions as the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and default mode network are activated in civil pilots is likely to undergo some changes during prospective memory activities, which is why they have higher processing efficiency when performing prospective memory tasks.