This article systematically reviews and examines the historical evolution of Bambusae Succus as a medicinal material， covering aspects such as nomenclature， origin， geographical distribution， harvesting and processing methods， quality assessment， therapeutic effects and indications， by consulting ancient herbal texts， medical compendia， and modern literature. The aim is to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. Research indicated that Bambusae Succus was first documented in the Shennong Bencaojing during the Han dynasty， with Zhuli being the standard name used throughout history， alongside aliases like Zhuzhi， Zhuyou and Huoquan. Historically， the primary source of Bambusae Succus has been Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis（Danzhu）， although other species such as Pleioblastus amarus and Bambusa emeiensis have also been used medicinally. Ancient records predominantly noted its origin in Yizhou（present-day Chengdu and surrounding areas in Sichuan） and the Wuling region（between present-day Hunan， Guangdong， Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces）， while contemporary sources are mainly from regions south of the Yangtze River and southwestern China. Traditionally， Bambusae Succus was harvested from bamboo that had grown for exactly one year， today， it can be collected year-round without strict age requirements. Ancient preparation methods included direct fire roasting or dry distillation， whereas modern industrial production employs dry distillation， reflux extraction， and percolation. In terms of quality evaluation， ancient texts considered a sweet taste to be superior， while today， clarity and transparency are prioritized. Historically， Bambusae Succus was characterized as sweet and cold nature， targeting the lung and stomach meridians， with uses evolving from clearing heat and resolving phlegm to nourishing Yin， moistening dryness， and relaxing tendons and unblocking meridians. Modern descriptions classify it as sweet， bitter， and cold in nature， affecting the heart， liver， and lung meridians， with functions including clearing heat， resolving phlegm， and facilitating orifices. It is indicated for conditions such as stroke with phlegm confusion， lung heat with phlegm congestion， convulsions， epilepsy， excessive phlegm in febrile diseases， high fever with thirst， irritability during pregnancy， and tetanus， with more clearly defined applications. Based on the results of the research， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Bambusae Succus， the one-year-old Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis， which has been highly praised throughout history， should be selected as the source material. Industrial production should adopt the dry distillation method. Furthermore， in-depth research should be conducted on the modern technological characterization of the traditional quality control indicator of sweet taste， and reasonable modern quality control standards should be established.

Depression is a common mental disorder that falls under the category of "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Its complex pathogenesis poses challenges for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Currently， clinically used antidepressants are often accompanied by significant side effects， and statistics show that about one-third of patients do not respond to these medications. TCM demonstrates advantages in the treatment of depression through multi-target， multi-pathway and multi-mechanistic approaches. Pinelliae Rhizoma， a phlegm-resolving herb， exhibits effects such as drying dampness and resolving phlegm， as well as eliminating stuffiness and reducing masses. The characteristics of harmonizing Yin and Yang and resolving stagnation in the middle energizer align precisely with the pathogenesis of depression syndrome， demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in affected patients. Literature studies have found that the active ingredients of Pinelliae Rhizoma， such as cavidine， baicalein， β-sitosterol， as well as Pinelliae Rhizoma herb pairs， such as Pinelliae Rhizoma-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Pinelliae Rhizoma-husked sorghum， Pinelliae Rhizoma-Prunellae Spica， exhibit significant antidepressant effects. Furthermore， TCM formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma as the principal therapeutic agent， such as Banxia Xiexin Tang， Banxia Houpo Tang， and Wendan Tang， as well as formulas incorporating Pinelliae Rhizoma like compound Xiaochaihu Tang， Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Tang， and Erchen Tang， have also demonstrated favorable antidepressant efficacy. The antidepressant mechanism of these agents may involve modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and dopamine （DA） levels， up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） expression， regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， reduction of oxidative stress， modulation of nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， and inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammatory responses. This review summarized the antidepressant mechanisms and clinical applications of the active components， herb pairs， and TCM formulas containing Pinelliae Rhizoma， aiming to provide a reference for modern research on the use of Pinelliae Rhizoma in antidepressant therapy.

BACKGROUND:The optimal surgical technique for treating posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion injuries is debatable.With the application and maturity of arthroscopic surgery,it has great prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application and progress of arthroscopic technology in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures,including different arthroscopic treatment methods,surgical approach,tibial tunnel design,suture material selection,and internal fixation implant selection. METHODS:Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and ScienceDirect databases through computers.The search period was from January 2003 to November 2023.Chinese search terms were"posterior cruciate ligament,posterior cruciate ligament,avulsion fracture,arthroscopy".English search terms were"posterior cruciate ligament,injury,fracture,tibia,arthroscopic,operation,fixation,treatment".Totally 97 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Arthroscopic technology provides a reliable treatment for posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures.Arthroscopic treatment for avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment point of the cruciate ligament can be divided into several categories based on the type of approach,suture material,and the number of approaches used for suture and fixation of the tibial tunnel:arthroscopic suture fixation combined with autologous graftenhancement and reconstruction,arthroscopic multicross band suture bridge fixation,arthroscopic strong thread fixation,and arthroscopic direct anterior posterior suture suspension fixation.In various studies,commonly used outcome measures include knee range of motion,Lysholm scale,International Knee Documentation Committee,and KT-2000 arthrometer.Studies have shown that at the last follow-up,the score results showed significant improvement compared to surgery.In the radiological follow-up results of various arthroscopic techniques,all studies have shown satisfactory results.During the follow-up process,all types of patients who received arthroscopic treatment for cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures did not experience serious complications,such as traumatic arthritis,neurovascular injury,perioperative wound infection,thrombosis,and nonunion of fractures.

Background: Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenolinduced MI in rats. Methods: A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats. Results: Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ICS II exerts anti-MI effects, and its preliminary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.

Background: Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenolinduced MI in rats. Methods: A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats. Results: Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ICS II exerts anti-MI effects, and its preliminary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.

Background: Epimedii Folium, first recorded in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its effects of “benefiting Qi and strengthening the heart.” Icariside II (ICS II) is one of the main active components of Epimedii Folium, possessing cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential mechanisms of ICS II on myocardial ischemia (MI) remain unclear. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II in treating isoproterenolinduced MI in rats. Methods: A rat model of MI was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, myocardial enzymes analysis, heart weight index, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, histopathology, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of ICS II on MI rats. Results: Pharmacodynamic studies suggested that ICS II inhibited ST-segment elevation in electrocardiograms, improved cardiac function, reduced heart weight index and myocardial enzyme levels, decreased myocardial infarct size, alleviated cardiac histological damage, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby exerting cardioprotective effects in MI rats. Further studies revealed that ICS II may partially inhibit the expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis-related targets at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ICS II exerts anti-MI effects, and its preliminary molecular mechanisms may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis to alleviate inflammatory responses.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objectives:To assess the effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on electrocardiographic remodeling in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), and identify its influencing factors.Methods:A cohort study was conducted on patients with a confirmed diagnosis of severe AS who successfully underwent TAVR at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between June 2018 and March 2023. Data, including standard 15-lead electrocardiograms and echocardiograms, were collected before the operation, 1 week after the operation, and 3 months after the operation. The average degree of ST-segment depression in the lateral wall leads of the electrocardiograms, and the amplitude of the T-wave were measured and calculated. The changes of electrocardiograms indexes were observed, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each index of electrocardiograms and each index of echocardiography. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of the improvement of electrocardiographic remodeling in patients with severe AS after TAVR.Results:A total of 33 patients with severe AS, aged (73±9) years, were included in the study. Among them there were 15 (45%) males. The degree of ST-segment depression, supra-aortic flow velocity, peak transaortic pressure, and mean transaortic pressure exhibited significant improvement at 1 week post-TAVR (all P<0.05). Similarly, significant improvements in T-wave hypoplasia or inversion, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index were observed at 3 months post-TAVR (all P<0.05). The degree of ST-segment depression was found to be correlated with supra-aortic flow velocity, peak transaortic pressure, and mean transaortic pressure (all P<0.05). Additionally, a correlation was observed between T-wave amplitude and left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index, left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter, and left ventricular ejection fraction (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that supra-aortic flow velocity was an independent influencing factor of the level of ST-segment depression ( β=-0.156, P=0.007), while left ventricular mass index was identified as an independent influencing factor of T-wave amplitude ( β=-2.007, P=0.001). Conclusion:The improvement in electrocardiographic remodeling could be observed after TAVR in patients with severe AS, which may be due to enhanced cardiac perfusion and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy subsequent to aortic valve opening.

Objective:To observe the correlation between sleep disorder and postoperative pain,inflammation stress response,and cognitive function in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)operative.Methods:80 patients with primary liver cancer who were treated in Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from July 2022 to July 2024 were selected,all patients underwent TACE operative.The patients were divided into non sleep disorder group and sleep disorder group according to the pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)score 1 month postoperative.The visual analog scale(VAS),postoperative inflammatory mediators[serum interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-8(IL-8)],postoperative stress response[superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)],and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores between sleep disorder group and non sleep disorder group were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between sleep disorder and postoperative pain,inflammation stress response,and cognitive function in patients underwent TACE.Results:VAS score,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-8,and MDA in the sleep disorder group were higher than those in non sleep disorder group(P＜0.05).SOD and MMSE score in sleep disorder group were lower than those in non sleep disorder group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,sleep disorder were negatively correlated with SOD and MMSE,while positively correlated with VAS score,IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-8,and MDA(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of sleep disorder is higher in patients with primary liver cancer TACE postoperative,and sleep disorder can exacerbate postoperative pain and inflammation stress response in patients undergoing TACE operative,and affect cognitive function.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023. Methods Data on newly diagnosed occupational diseases reported in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected from the national occupational disease network reporting system. The spectrum of occupational diseases and their distribution by region, industry, and population were analyzed. Results A total of 4 136 newly diagnosed occupational disease cases were reported in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023, showing an overall downward trend. Newly diagnosed cases were classified into eight categories and 53 types of occupational diseases. In terms of the number of cases, the top five categories were occupational diseases of the ear, nose, throat and oral cavity;occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases; occupational diseases caused by physical factors; occupational chemical poisoning; and occupational tumors, accounting for 98.62% of all cases. The top ten specific disease types were occupational noise-induced deafness, occupational silicosis, occupational other pneumoconiosis, occupational chronic benzene poisoning, occupational heatstroke, occupational hand-arm vibration disease, occupational coal workers′ pneumoconiosis, occupational welders′ pneumoconiosis, occupational tumor (leukemia caused by benzene exposure), and occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning, accounting for 94.85% of all cases. Most of the cases were distributed in the Pearl River Delta region, accounting for 89.19%; as well as manufacturing industry, accounting for 84.89%. Male cases accounted for 87.02%. Most diagnoses occurred in individuals aged >40-60 years, accounting for 74.73%. Conclusion Newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Guangdong Province from 2019 to 2023 showed the following characteristics: concentration of categories and disease types, polarization of regional distribution, industry clustering, and population difference. The disease spectrum is evolving from a dual-disease predominance toward a multi-disease predominance.