AIM: To compare the efficacy of small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)in the treatment of patients with myopia and astigmatism.METHODS: Retrospective analysis. A total of 100 cases(200 eyes)of patients with myopia and astigmatism treated in our hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were collected. Among them, 50 cases(100 eyes)were divided into SMILE group and 50 cases(100 eyes)were divided into FS-LASIK group according to the treatment plans. The visual acuity and astigmatism, corneal morphology parameters, subjective visual quality scores, ocular surface indicators, postoperative complications, and quality of life were compared between the two groups before and after surgery.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), astigmatism, corneal asphericity Q value, corneal surface regularity index(SRI), corneal thickness, and corneal curvature between the two groups before surgery and at 1 d, 1, and 6 mo after surgery(all P>0.05). At 1 and 6 mo after surgery, the subjective visual quality score, the quality of life score, Schirmer I test(SⅠt)and tear film break-up time(BUT)in the SMILE group were better than that in the FS-LASIK group(all P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the SMILE group was lower than that in the FS-LASIK group at 6 mo after surgery(P=0.005).CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and FS-LASIK have good clinical effects in the treatment of myopia with astigmatism, but the SMILE could alleviate ocular surface injury, reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of lifes for patients.

ObjectiveMagnetoencephalography (MEG), a non-invasive neuroimaging technique, meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity. Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID), MEG based on optically pump magnetometer (OPM) has the advantages of higher sensitivity, better spatial resolution and lower cost. However, most of the current studies are clinical studies, and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology. Pain, a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon, induces intricate alterations in brain activity, exhibiting notable sex differences. Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG, specific properties remain elusive, and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain (induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)) on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique, to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception, and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling. MethodsThis study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA (100 μl, 50% in saline) in the left hind paw, with control groups receiving saline. Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection. For MEG recording, anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield, undergoing two 15-minute sessions: a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase. Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms, generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range. ResultsMEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared, before and after saline/CFA injections. Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre- and post-saline/CFA injections. Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states. Remarkably, female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states. Furthermore, despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment, female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection. ConclusionThese results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts. Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection, highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state. Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals. In addition, the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.

Objective: To investigate the self-monitoring blood pressure behavior and its influencing factors among residents in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the basis for strengthening proactive blood pressure monitoring among residents. Methods: Permanent residents aged 35-75 years in six counties (cities, districts), Jiangsu Province, were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in 2023. Data on basic information, disease history, and self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were collected, height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI); and blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. Self-monitoring blood pressure behavior was defined as having measured blood pressure at least once in the past three months. Factors affecting self-monitoring blood pressure behavior were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 12 475 residents were surveyed, including 5 748 males and 6 727 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1.17. There were 3 855 residents aged 45-<55 years (30.90%) and 5 511 residents who had self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors (44.18%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the residents who were males (OR=1.167, 95%CI: 1.081-1.261), lived in rural areas (OR=1.430, 95%CI: 1.321-1.547), aged 45-75 years (45-<55 years, OR=1.384, 95%CI: 1.241-1.543; 55-<65 years, OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.243-1.570; 65-75 years, OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.049-1.363), had an annual household income ≥30 000 yuan (30 000-<60 000 yuan, OR=1.190, 95%CI: 1.072-1.321; 60 000-<110 000 yuan, OR=1.330, 95%CI: 1.191-1.485; ≥110 000 yuan, OR=1.746, 95%CI: 1.536-1.984), were overweight (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.070-1.280) or obese (OR=1.248, 95%CI: 1.120-1.391), were unaware (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.103-1.353) or aware (OR=3.937, 95%CI: 3.575-4.335) of having hypertension, were aware of having diabetes (OR=1.538, 95%CI: 1.354-1.749), and aware of having dyslipidemia (OR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.106-1.447) were more likely to have self-monitoring blood pressure behaviors. Conclusions Among the residents aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu Province, 44.18% had self-monitoring blood pressure behavior. Gender, place of residence, age, annual household income, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were identified as influencing factors for self-monitoring blood pressure behavior.

OBJECTIVE To assess the scientific rigor， clarity and feasibility of the recommendations of the Guidelines for Evidence-based Use of Biological Agents for the Clinical Treatment of Osteoporosis （hereinafter referred to as the Guideline） through external review， in order to further revise and improve the Guideline recommendations. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design， a convenience sampling method was adopted to select frontline medical workers in the field of osteoporosis （including clinical doctors， clinical pharmacists， and nurses） as well as patients or their family members. External review was conducted through a combination of closed-ended and open-ended electronic questionnaires to get feedback from them on the appreciation，clarity and feasibility of the 32 preliminary recommendations in the Guideline. RESULTS A total of 90 external review subjects from 15 hospitals were collected， including 45 clinical doctors， 15 clinical pharmacists， 15 nurses and 15 patients or their family members. The overall appreciation degree of recommendations was 99.38%， the overall clarity degree of recommendations was 98.92%， and the overall feasibility degree of recommendations was 99.65%. At the same time， 111 subjective suggestions were collected， which provided an important reference for the further improvement of the Guideline recommendations. Based on the above feedback， the Guideline steering committee and core expert group revised the wording of 12 draft recommendations without deletion， and finally determined 32 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The external review provides an important basis for the final formation of the Guideline， further improves the scientific rigor， clarity and feasibility of the recommendations， and ensures the standardization， practicality and implementability of the Guideline.

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of patients with moderate hyponatremia in general surgery and analyze the efficacy.Methods Patients with moderate hyponatremia in general surgery were divided into control group(without supplemented concentrated sodium chloride injection)and treatment group(supplemented concentrated sodium chloride injection)according to the cohort method.The clinical characteristics of patients with moderate hyponatremia,such as gender distribution,age distribution,nutritional status,and primary disease were analyzed.Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed to balance confounding factors between the two groups,making their baseline conditions comparable and comparing the differences in clinical outcomes between the two groups.Results A total of 227 cases were included,including 82 in the control group and 145 in the treatment group.The predisposing factors of moderate hyponatremia in general surgery patients include male,elderly,malnutrition,parenteral nutrition,and malignant tumors.In addition,after PSM,there were 73 patients in each group of the control group and treatment group with moderate hyponatremia.The total effective rate of the control group was 80.82％,and correction of the hyponatremia takes time was(3.97±2.54)The total effective rate of the treatment group was 98.63％,and correction of the hyponatremia takes time was(3.54±1.90)d.The differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion We should pay more attention to patients with moderate hyponatremia in general surgery,and be alert to the risk of severe hyponatremia.For patients with moderate hyponatremia,concentrated sodium chloride injection should be given to improve efficacy and prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the ameliorative effect and mechanism of total saponins of Codonopsis Radix （TSC） on learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in aging mice. MethodTwenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into four groups （n=6）： normal group， model group （200 mg·kg^-1 D-galactose）， TSC group （200 mg·kg^-1）， and donepezil group （3 mg·kg^-1）. After one week of pre-treatment， the mice in the model， TSC， and donepezil groups were administrated with corresponding agents for 8 weeks. In the ninth week， the Morris water maze test was performed to assess the learning and memory abilities. Histopathological changes in the brain were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the brain tissue. The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， catalase （CAT）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， TNF-α， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， on the basis of which the effects of TSC on neuroinflammation and memory impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice were assessed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited decreased cognitive function， decreased activities of CAT， SOD， and GSH-Px in the serum （P<0.01）， and upregulated levels of MDA， TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.01）. In addition， partial neuronal damage and degeneration were observed in the hippocampus and cortex of the model group， accompanied by downregulated BDNF expression （P<0.05） and upregulated NF-κB and TNF-α expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， TSC alleviated D-galactose-induced cognitive dysfunction， enhanced the activities of CAT， SOD， and GSH-Px （P<0.01）， lowered MDA， TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-18 levels （P<0.01）， and ameliorated the pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Additionally， TSC upregulated BDNF expression （P<0.05， P<0.01） and downregulated NF-κB and TNF-α expression （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ConclusionTSC exerts a protective effect on cognitive dysfunction induced by D-galactose in aging mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

italic>Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is used as medicine with its leaves. The leaves of A. argyi mainly contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, volatile oils and other compounds, and have a variety of pharmacological activities. AP2/ERF transcription factors are abundant in plants and are mainly involved in plant growth and development, abiotic stress response and secondary metabolite biosynthesis regulation. However, there are few reports on the AP2/ERF gene family and its functions in A. argyi. In this study, we systematically identified the AP2/ERF gene family in A. argyi genome, and analyzed its phylogenetic tree, protein physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, promoter elements, and expression patterns. The results showed that a total of 204 AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified in A. argyi genome, encoding proteins consisting of 88-483 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 10-52.94 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.62-9.88. Subcellular prediction showed that the majority of AP2/ERFs were located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and the minority of them is located in the membrane and chloroplasts. According to the Arabidopsis AP2/ERF family classification, A. argyi AP2/ERF proteins were divided into four subfamilies: Soloist, AP2, ERF (B3, B4, B5, B6), and DREB (A1, A2, A4, A5, A6), among which DREB family accounted for the largest proportion, and the same subfamily had similar conserved motifs. cis-Acting element analysis showed that AP2/ERF promoters have a large number of elements responding to light and abiotic stress. Expression pattern analysis showed that most of the genes of the AP2/ERF family were dominantly expressed mainly in roots and stems, of which 19 were dominantly expressed in leaves, 77 would be induced to be expressed by methyl jasmonate, of which 16 genes were both dominantly expressed in leaves and induced to be expressed by methyl jasmonate, and these AP2/ERF genes may be the key regulatory genes for the synthesis of active ingredients in A. argyi leaves.This study lays the foundation for the functional study of AP2/ERF family genes and their regulating roles in the active components biosynthesis in A. argyi leaves.

Objective To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus outbreaks and the genome evolution of Norovirus epidemic strains in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022.Methods The information and samples have been collected from the norovirus outbreaks from 2020 to 2022.Norovirus was detected by using the real-time PCR in these samples,then the detected sequences were amplified the analyzed.The Norovirus se-quences of 8 strains had been amplified and analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2022,39 gastroenteritis outbreaks were reported,and 25 outbreaks caused by Norovirus which mainly occurred in childcare institutions and schools(20/25,80％).The Norovirus outbreaks were mainly concentrated in counties around Haikou(northeast),which including Ding'an(5 cases),Wenchang(4 cases),Chengmai(4 cases),and Lingao(3 cases);following by western regions which included Baisha(2 cases),Ledong(2 cases),and Dongfang(3 cases).1 case was in Wanning in the southeast.Among individuals aged 2-17,the positive proportion of Norovirus in males was higher than that in females.Among individuals aged over 55,the proportion of Norovirus positive in females was higher than that in males.The gender of positive samples among individuals aged 18-40 was related to their profession.According to RT-PCR typing and sequencing,GⅡ group Norovirus were classified in13 outbreaks.There were 4 genotypes detected.GⅡ.2[P1 6]was the main epidemic strain with 60％(9/13),and the other three genotypes were GⅡ.4 Sydney[P31](15.4％,2/13)GⅡ.4 Sydney[P16](7.7％,1/13)and GⅡ.3[P12](7.7％,1/13).Further genic analysis of 8 Norovirus strains showed that all of them were still in the same branch as the previ-ous strain,and all exhibited a certain amount of amino acid variation.Conclusion Norovirus is the main pathogen of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hainan province,and the main epidemic strain is GⅡ.2[P16].It is necessary to continue to strengthen the monitoring that provides scientific evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus out-breaks in Hainan region.

BACKGROUND:With the rapid development of minimally invasive spinal surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery,endoscopic intervertebral fusion techniques have gradually emerged and been widely used in clinical practice in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the early clinical efficacy of uniaxial spinal endoscopic intervertebral fusion combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. METHODS:135 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated by uniaxial spinal endoscopic intervertebral fusion combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the Suining Central Hospital from October 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study.There were 59 males and 76 females,aged 47-79 years.The lower limb and lumbar pain was evaluated by visual analog scale and lumbar function was assessed by Oswestry disability index before the operation,1 week,1,and 6 months after the operation,and at the end of follow-up.The overall pain recovery of patients was evaluated by the scoring criteria for low back pain surgery of Spine Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association and the lumbar physiological curvature and intervertebral fusion were evaluated on lumbar lateral X-ray preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The 135 patients were followed up for(17.8±3.0)months after surgery.There was 1 case of endplate injury,1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage,1 case of nerve root injury,1 case of intervertebral cage subsidence and displacement,1 case of chronic infection,and 1 case of pedicle screw rupture.The complication rate was 5.2%.(2)The lumbar visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index significantly decreased in the waist and lower limbs at various time points postoperatively compared with those preoperatively in 135 patients(P<0.05).The scoring criteria for low back pain surgery of the Spine Group of the Chinese Orthopedic Association were significantly better at the last follow-up than that preoperatively in 135 patients(P<0.05).(3)At the last follow-up,there was no significant difference in physiological curvature of lumbar vertebra as compared with that preoperatively in 135 patients(P>0.05),with a fusion rate of 95.8%.(4)It is concluded that uniaxial spinal endoscopic intervertebral fusion combined with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases has shown satisfactory early clinical results and is a highly safe minimally invasive spinal surgery mode.

Objective To evaluate the effect of structured therapy and education based on personal strength on ischemic stroke. Methods From March,2021 to September,2023,a total of 114 patients with ischemic stroke from the First People's Hos-pital of Kunshan were randomly divided into control group(n=57)and experimental group(n=57).The control group received routine medicine,rehabilitation training and standard health education,while the experimental group received routine medicine,rehabilitation training and structured therapy and education based on personal strength,for six weeks.They were compared with the scores of modified Rankin Scale(mRS),motor-evoked po-tential(MEP)latency and amplitude,modified Barthel Index and Self-Recovery Efficacy Scale score and recur-rence within three months after the start of the study.The scores of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale(MMAS)and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionaire(FFMQ)were also compared. Results After treatment,the score of mRS(t=5.002),MEP latency period(t=9.739)and amplitude(t=4.394),modi-fied Barthel Index(t=11.261),the score of Self-Recovery Efficacy Scale(Z=-2.638),and the scores of MMAS(t=19.521)and FFMQ(t=15.381)were better in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Structured therapy and education based on personal strength could faciliate to improve the recovery and self-management of ischemic stroke patients.