BACKGROUND: Early control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial for reducing the progress of cardiovascular disease. However, its additional role to the risk of primary osteoporosis in men with coronary heart disease was inconclusive. Our study aims to determine the association of LDL-C and its trajectories for osteoporosis risk in the middle-aged and aged men of China. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study of 1546 men aged 69.74 ± 11.30 years conducted in Beijing, China from 2015 to 2022. And the incidence of primary osteoporosis was annually recorded. LDL-C trajectories were further identified by latent class growth model using repeated measurements of LDL-C. The association of baseline LDL-C for osteoporosis was estimated using hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI in Cox proportional hazard model, while mean level and trajectories of LDL-C for osteoporosis were evaluated using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI in logistic regression model. RESULTS: During the median 6.2-year follow-up period, 70 men developed primary osteoporosis. The higher level of baseline LDL-C (HR = 1.539, 95% CI: 1.012-2.342) and mean LDL-C (OR = 2.190, 95% CI: 1.443-3.324) were associated with higher risk of osteoporosis in men with coronary heart disease after adjusted for covariates. Compared with those in the LDL-C trajectory of low-stable decrease, participants with medium-fluctuant trajectory, whose longitudinal LDL-C started with a medium LDL-C level and appeared an increase and then decrease, were negatively associated with osteoporosis risk (OR = 2.451, 95% CI: 1.152-5.216). And participants with initially high LDL-C level and then a rapid decrease demonstrated a tendency towards reduced risk (OR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.212-2.437). CONCLUSIONS Elevated LDL-C level and its long-term fluctuation may increase the risk of primary osteoporosis in men. Early controlling a stable level of LDL-C is also essential for bone health.

Compounds isolated from Epimedium include the total flavonoids of Epimedium , icariin, and its metabolites (icaritin, icariside I, and icariside II), which have similar molecular structures. Modern pharmacological research and clinical practice have proved that Epimedium and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially in improving sexual function, hormone regulation, anti-osteoporosis, immune function regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-tumor activity. To date, we still need a comprehensive source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of Epimedium and its bioactive compounds on the male reproductive system. However, their actions in other tissues have been reviewed in recent years. This review critically focuses on the Epimedium , its bioactive compounds, and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that modulate vital pathways associated with the male reproductive system. Such intrinsic knowledge will significantly further studies on the Epimedium and its bioactive compounds that protect the male reproductive system and provide some guidances for clinical treatment of related male reproductive disorders.
Male ; Epimedium/chemistry* ; Humans ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects* ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period (0-90 lag days) with semen quality. METHODS: A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014-2020 were recruited in this multicenter study. Two indices (i.e., hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration [HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters. RESULTS: The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0-90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility. Specifically, a 1 °C increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: -0.0147, -0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094 (95% CI: -0.0160, -0.0029). HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021 (95% CI: -0.0040, -0.0003) and 0.0023 (95% CI: -0.0043, -0.0002), respectively. Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
Humans ; Male ; Semen Analysis ; Adult ; Sperm Motility ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects* ; China ; Middle Aged ; Spermatozoa/physiology* ; Young Adult

The differences in chemical quality characteristics between Xinjiang Rehmannia glutinosa and R. glutinosa were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and quality control of R. glutinosa. In this study, the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints of 6 batches of Xinjiang R. glutinosa and 10 batches of R. glutinosa samples were established. The content of iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection(HPLC-DAD), high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection(HPLC-ELSD), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis). The determination results were analyzed with by chemical pattern recognition and entropy weight TOPSIS method. The results showed that there were 19 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of the 16 batches of R. glutinosa, and catalpol, aucubin, rehmannioside D, rehmannioside A, hydroxytyrosol, leonuride, salidroside, cistanoside A, and verbascoside were identified. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) showed that Qinyang R. glutinosa, Mengzhou R. glutinosa, and Xinjiang R. glutinosa were grouped into three different categories, and eight common components causing the chemical quality difference between Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa in Mengzhou and Qinyang of Henan province were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The results of content determination showed that there were glucose, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, polysaccharides, and nine glycosides in Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa samples, and the content of catalpol, rehmannioside A, leonuride, cistanoside A, verbascoside, sucrose, and glucose was significantly different between Xinjiang R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa. The analysis with entropy weight TOPSIS method showed that the comprehensive quality of R. glutinosa in Mengzhou and Qinyang of Henan province was better than that of Xinjiang R. glutinosa. In conclusion, the types of main chemical components of R. glutinosa and Xinjiang R. glutinosa were the same, but their content was different. The chemical quality of R. glutinosa was better than Xinjiang R. glutinosa, and other components in R. glutinosa from two producing areas and their effects need further study.
Rehmannia/classification* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Quality Control

Objective To evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)without chest tube placement for infants with congenital pulmonary airway malformation(CPAM).Methods Clinical data of 145 infants with CPAM treated by VATS from May 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Six cases had a chest tube placement at the end of the surgery,while 139 cases did not.Among them,there were 99 segmental lobectomies,36 lobectomies,and 4 lobectomies and segmental lobectomies.Clinical efficacy and postoperative complications were observed.Results All the 145 patients underwent resection by VATS without conversion to thoracotomy.There was no mortality during the perioperative period.In the 139 cases without chest tube placement at the end of surgery,the operation time was(42.0±16.6)min,and the intraoperative blood loss was(2.7±2.0)ml.The were 6 cases who were given indwelling drainage tube for pneumothorax or pleural effusion after surgery,the rate of re-catheterization being 4.3％.The remaining 133 cases had chest X-ray review on the third day after routine surgery.Among them,8 cases had mild pneumothorax(lung compression＜20％)on the surgical side,which did not require further treatment.Before discharge,chest X-ray re-examination showed that pneumothorax was basically absorbed.All the patients were discharged with uneventful recovery,and the hospital stay was(6.6±1.3)d.Conclusion VATS without chest tube placement is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for some selective infants with congenital pulmonary airway malformation.

This study was aimed at evaluating the characteristics of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses(AIVs)origina-ting from wild birds in major wetlands in Fujian.Five H9N2 subtype AIVs isolated from fecal samples from wild birds in wet-lands of the Minjiang River,Jiulong River,Sandu Bay,Xinghua Bay,and Quanzhou Bay in Fujian were sequenced.Sequence a-nalysis of the HA genes of the five H9N2 subtype AIVs indicated that the five isolates shared 89.8％-99.4％nucleotide se-quence identity.All five isolates belonged to the same h9.4.2.5c evolutionary branch.The cleavage site motifs of HA were all PSRSSR ↓ GLF,thus indicating molecular characteristics of AIVs with low pathogenicity.The HA proteins of the viruses orig-inating from wild birds bore eight identical potential glycosylation sites,among which the glycosylation site at position 313 was located near the HA protein cleavage site.The 226th amino acid of HA in the receptor binding site was leucine in each virus,thus indicating that HAs of the five H9N2 subtype AIVs had mammalian sialic acid α-2,6 receptor binding affinity.In conclu-sion,the five H9N2 subtype AIVs originating from wild birds in Fujian had low pathogenicity,and the HAs had mammalian sialic acid α-2,6 receptor binding affinity.

This study was aimed at evaluating the characteristics of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses(AIVs)origina-ting from wild birds in major wetlands in Fujian.Five H9N2 subtype AIVs isolated from fecal samples from wild birds in wet-lands of the Minjiang River,Jiulong River,Sandu Bay,Xinghua Bay,and Quanzhou Bay in Fujian were sequenced.Sequence a-nalysis of the HA genes of the five H9N2 subtype AIVs indicated that the five isolates shared 89.8％-99.4％nucleotide se-quence identity.All five isolates belonged to the same h9.4.2.5c evolutionary branch.The cleavage site motifs of HA were all PSRSSR ↓ GLF,thus indicating molecular characteristics of AIVs with low pathogenicity.The HA proteins of the viruses orig-inating from wild birds bore eight identical potential glycosylation sites,among which the glycosylation site at position 313 was located near the HA protein cleavage site.The 226th amino acid of HA in the receptor binding site was leucine in each virus,thus indicating that HAs of the five H9N2 subtype AIVs had mammalian sialic acid α-2,6 receptor binding affinity.In conclu-sion,the five H9N2 subtype AIVs originating from wild birds in Fujian had low pathogenicity,and the HAs had mammalian sialic acid α-2,6 receptor binding affinity.

Objective To evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)without chest tube placement for infants with congenital pulmonary airway malformation(CPAM).Methods Clinical data of 145 infants with CPAM treated by VATS from May 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Six cases had a chest tube placement at the end of the surgery,while 139 cases did not.Among them,there were 99 segmental lobectomies,36 lobectomies,and 4 lobectomies and segmental lobectomies.Clinical efficacy and postoperative complications were observed.Results All the 145 patients underwent resection by VATS without conversion to thoracotomy.There was no mortality during the perioperative period.In the 139 cases without chest tube placement at the end of surgery,the operation time was(42.0±16.6)min,and the intraoperative blood loss was(2.7±2.0)ml.The were 6 cases who were given indwelling drainage tube for pneumothorax or pleural effusion after surgery,the rate of re-catheterization being 4.3％.The remaining 133 cases had chest X-ray review on the third day after routine surgery.Among them,8 cases had mild pneumothorax(lung compression＜20％)on the surgical side,which did not require further treatment.Before discharge,chest X-ray re-examination showed that pneumothorax was basically absorbed.All the patients were discharged with uneventful recovery,and the hospital stay was(6.6±1.3)d.Conclusion VATS without chest tube placement is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for some selective infants with congenital pulmonary airway malformation.

AIM To optimize the extraction process for uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,uridine,thymine,inosine,guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine from Pheretima guillelmi(Michaelsen),and to determine their contents.METHODS With solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature as influencing factors,contents of hypoxanthine and total nucleosides as evaluation indices,the extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test.HPLC was adopted in the content determination of varioud nucleosides,the analysis was performed on a 30℃thermostatic Agilent C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-water flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 260 nm.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 1∶250 for solid-liquid ratio,60 min for ultrasonic time,and 60℃for ultrasonic temperature.Eight nucleosides showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 99.11%-103.27%with the RSDs of 0.85%-2.89%.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the extraction and content determination of nucleosides from P.guillelmi.

Aim To study the regulatory effect of poly-datin on D-galactose-induced aging model mice.Methods Fifty-six ICR mice(half male and half fe-male)were divided into normal group,model group,positive group,low,medium and high polydatin treat-ment groups.Aging model was established by subcuta-neous injection of D-galactose(500 mg·kg-1)into the back of neck every day.During the modeling peri-od,the positive group was given donepezil hydrochlo-ride tablets(0.75 mg·kg-1)by gavage,the treat-ment group was given polydatin(40,70,100 mg·kg1)by gavage,and the normal group was given the same amount of normal saline.The learning and cogni-tive ability of mice was evaluated by nesting experi-ment,new object recognition experiment and Morris water maze experiment.The heart,liver,spleen,kid-ney and thymus of mice were taken to calculate the or-gan index.The pathological changes of whole brain tis-sue in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The levels of T-SOD,MDA,GSH-Px and AchE in serum and whole brain tissue of mice were de-tected by ELISA.The protein expression levels of Keap1,Nrf2 and HO-1 in hippocampus of mice were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,the nesting ability,the ability to recog-nize new objects and the ability to find platforms under-water of the mice in the positive group and the low,medium and high dose groups of polydatin were im-proved.The organ index increased.The neuronal dam-age in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was signifi-cantly ameliorated.The activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in serum and brain tissue increased and the activi-ties of MDA and AchE decreased.The expression lev-els of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in hippocampus in-creased,and the expression level of Keap1 protein de-creased.Conclusions Polydatin can ameliorate the learning and cognitive impairment in D-galactose-in-duced aging model mice,and its mechanism may be related to the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.