Objective: To analyze the influence of stress and psychological resilience on the dietary behavior of middle school students so as to privide a basis for the development of policies and interventions aimed at improving middle school students dietary behavior. Methods: A total of 8 874 middle school students in Shanghai were surveyed using stratified cluster random sampling method from November 2019 to January 2020. The questionnaire included general information, dietary behavior, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Factor analysis was used to analyze the dietary behavior model. Logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between stress, psychological resilience and dietary behavior in adolescents. Besides, a structural equation model was established to analyze the mediating effect of psychological resilience on stress and dietary behavior. Results: The total score of psychological resilience among middle school students was (27.99±9.83), and the total score of stress was (25.56±7.06). Factor analysis categorized dietary behavior into two types: the high energy dietary behavior and balanced dietary behavior. High energy dietary behavior exhibited statistically significant differences across genders and schooling stage ( χ 2=41.37, 204.03), while balanced dietary behavior showed statistically significant differences across schooling stage and socioeconomic status ( χ 2=130.23, 96.53) (all P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with moderate and high stress levels had an increased risks of high energy dietary behavior ( OR=1.25, 95%CI =1.12-1.39; OR=1.58, 95% CI = 1.39-1.79) and a reduced likelihood of reduced balanced dietary behavior ( OR=0.73, 95%CI =0.65-0.81; OR=0.53, 95%CI =0.47-0.60); adolescents with high levels of psychological resilience had a decreased risk of highenergy dietary behavior ( OR= 0.73 , 95%CI =0.65-0.83), and those with moderate and high resilience levels showed improved balanced dietary behavior ( OR= 1.45 , 95%CI =1.29-1.62; OR=2.50, 95%CI =2.21-2.84) (all P <0.01). The mediating effect of psychological resilience between stress and high energy dietary behavior or balanced dietary behavior accounted for 15.61% and 56.10% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusions Stress and psychological resilience are the influencing factors of dietary behavior in middle school students. Psychological resilience have a partial mediating effect between stress and high energy dietary behavior or balanced dietary behavior.

Objective In this preliminary survey,we sought to determine the composition of mosquito species inhabiting the Emeifeng Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China.Methods Mosquito larvae were collected by straw and spoon trapping,and adult mosquitoes were collected by lamp trapping at selected breeding sites in the reserve.The specimens were initially identified based on morphology,with subsequent verification using molecular biology methods.Results A total of 34 mosquito species in 13 genera were collected,among which,there were 4 species of Anopheles(Genus Anopheles Meigen,1818),2 species of Lutzia(Genus Lutzia Theobald,1903),15 species of Culex(Genus Culex Linnaeus,1758),4 species of Stegomyia(Genus Stegomyia Theobald,1901),and single species of Hulecoeteomyia(Genus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald,1904),Luius(Genus Luius Reinert,Harbach et Kitching,2008),Aedes(Genus Aedes Meigen,1818),Downsiomyia(Genus Downsiomyia Vargas,1950),Collessius(Genus Collessius Reinert,Harbach et kitching,2006),Uranotaenia(Genus Uranotaenia Lynch 1891),Armigeres(Genus Armigeres Theobald,1901),Toxorhynchites(Genus Toxorhynchites Theobald,1901),and pestle mosquito(Genus Tripteroides Giles,1904).Conclusions The species composition of mosquitoes sampled in the Emeifeng Nature Reserve will provide a basis for further research on mosquito vectors and contribute to measures for local mosquito control.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by fibrous plaque formation in the penile tissue that leads to curvature and complications in advanced stages. In this study, we aimed to compare four injectable induction agents for the establishment of a robust rat model of PD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibrin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) combined with TGF-β1, and polidocanol (POL) combined with TGF-β1. The results showed that injection of TGF-β1 or fibrin into the tunica albuginea induced pathological endpoints without causing penile curvature. The STS + TGF-β1 combination resulted in both histological and morphological alterations, but with a high incidence of localized necrosis that led to animal death. The POL + TGF-β1 combination produced pathological changes and curvature comparable to STS + TGF-β1 and led to fewer complications. In conclusion, fibrin, STS + TGF-β1, and POL + TGF-β1 all induced PD with a certain degree of penile curvature and histological fibrosis in rats. The POL + TGF-β1 combination offered comparatively greater safety and clinical relevance and may have the greatest potential for PD research using model rats.
Animals ; Male ; Penile Induration/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrin ; Penis/drug effects* ; Polidocanol/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage* ; Injections

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Tongmai Hypoglycemic Capsule (THC) on myocardium injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats. METHODS: A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 4 weeks with high-fat and high-sugar food and then injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally for the establishment of the DCM model. In addition, 6 rats with normal diets were used as the control group. After modeling, 24 DCM rats were randomly divided into the model, L-THC, M-THC, and H-THC groups by computer generated random numbers, and 0, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64 g/kg of THC were adopted respectively by gavage, with 6 rats in each group. After 12 weeks of THC administration, echocardiography, histopathological staining, biochemical analysis, and Western blot were used to detect the changes in myocardial structure, oxidative stress (OS), biochemical indexes, protein expressions of myocardial fibrosis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related faactor 2 (Nrf2) element, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with THC significantly decreased cardiac markers such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase-MB, etc., (P<0.01); enhanced cardiac function indicators including heart rate, ejection fraction, cardiac output, interventricular septal thickness at diastole, and others (P<0.05 or P<0.01); decreased levels of biochemical indicators such as fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, (P<0.05 or P<0.01); and decreased the levels of myocardial fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I (Col-1) protein (P<0.01), improved myocardial morphology and the status of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. THC significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in model rats (P<0.01), increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 2 proteins in the left ventricle of rats (P<0.01). CONCLUSION THC activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and plays a protective role in reducing OS injury and cardiac fibrosis in DCM rats.
Animals ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Fibrosis ; Male ; Capsules ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Rats ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy*

Objective To explore the changes in neural activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and their corre-lation with executive function,and to analyze the neural mechanisms underlying the decline in executive function in T2DM patients.Methods Thirty-one T2DM patients(T2DM group)and thirty-two healthy controls(HC)(HC group)matched for body mass index(BMI)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans and N-back task tests were included.Differ-ences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and seed-based functional connectivity(FC)between the two groups were compared,and partial correlation analyses were performed between the difference results and N-back task performance.Results The T2DM group showed prolonged reaction time(RT)in the 1-back and 2-back tasks.T2DM patients exhibited increased ALFF in the bilateral caudate nucleus,left medial superior frontal gyrus,and right postcentral gyrus,as well as elevated ReHo in the right putamen.FC analysis revealed significant alterations in FC between the caudate nucleus,putamen,and multiple brain regions in T2DM patients,with some of these FC changes significantly correlated with RT and accuracy(ACC)in the N-back task.Conclusion The decline in executive function in T2DM patients may be associated with abnormal neural activity in brain regions such as the striatum,salience network,and frontoparietal control network.FC further decreases under increased cognitive load.These findings provide evidence for the study of the neural mechanisms of executive function impairment in T2DM patients.

Objective To investigate the intervention effects and mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao power on spontaneous abortion rats.Methods A total of 60 first-day pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,dydrogesterone group and Danggui Shaoyao power low,middle,and high dose groups,with 10 rats in each group.The low,middle,and high dose groups were given Danggui Shaoyao power 5.175 g·kg-1,10.35 g·kg-1,20.7 g·kg-1,respectively,from 1 to 12 days of gestation,and the dydrogesterone group was given dydrogesterone tablet solution 2 mg·kg-1 once a day.On the 13th day of gestation,rats model of spontaneous abortion was established by intragastric administration of 5 mg·kg-1 of mifepristone tablet solution except for the normal group.Serum levels of GnRH,FSH,LH,E2 were measured,and abortion rates and uterine coefficients were calculated.The pathological changes of pregnant uterus were observed by haematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The differential proteins in rats pregnant uterus were detected by Label-Free shotgun proteomic technique,and the PPI,Gene Ontology(GO),and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways analysis of the differential proteins were analyzed.Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the expression levels of differential proteins.Results Compared with normal group,the serum levels of GnRH,FSH,LH,E2 and uterine coefficients were decreased,and the abortion rates were increased in model group(P<0.05).There were abortion lesions of spontaneous abortion in model group.Compared with model group,the serum levels of GnRH,FSH,LH,E2 and uterine coefficients were increased(P<0.05),and the abortion rates were decreased(P<0.05)in dydrogesterone group and Danggui Shaoyao power low,middle,and high dose groups.Proteomic results showed that a total of 550 proteins were quantified in this study.PPI analysis showed that a total of 159 proteins interacted with other proteins as hubs;the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the intervention effect of Danggui Shaoyao power on spontaneous abortion is related to the focal adhesion pathway,and involved upregulation of Akt2,Col6a1,Col6a2 and downregulation of Pten.Immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with normal group,the expression level of Akt2,Col6a1 and Col6a2 were decreased(P<0.05),and the expression level of Pten was increased(P<0.05)in model group.Compared with model group,the expression level of Akt2,Col6a1 and Col6a2 were increased(P<0.05),and the expression level of Pten was decreased(P<0.05)in dydrogesterone group and Danggui Shaoyao power low,middle,and high dose groups.Conclusions Danggui Shaoyao power has the intervention effect on spontaneous abortion,and its mechanism may be related to by demoting the protein expressions of Pten,and promoting the protein expressions of Akt2,Col6a1 and Col6a2.

RNA-based gene therapy has been widely used for various diseases, and extensive studies have proved that suitable delivery routes greatly help the development of RNA therapeutics. Identifying a safe and effective delivery system is key to realizing RNA therapeutics' clinical translation. Inhalation is a non-invasive pulmonary delivery modality that can enhance the retention of therapeutic agents in the lungs with negligible toxicity, thereby improving patient compliance. Inhaled RNA therapeutics are increasingly becoming an area of focus for researchers; however, only several clinical trials have explored inhaled delivery of RNA for pulmonary diseases. This review presents an overview of recent advances in inhaled delivery systems for RNA therapeutics, including viral and nonviral systems, highlighting state of the art regarding inhalation in the messenger RNA (mRNA) field. We also summarize the applications of mRNA inhalants in infectious and other lung diseases. Simultaneously, the research progresses on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and different types of RNA are also discussed to provide new strategies for developing RNA inhalation therapy. Finally, we clarify the challenges inhaled RNA-based therapeutics face before their widespread adoption and provide insights to help advance this exciting field to the bedside.

Oligodendrocyte lineage cells, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs), are essential in establishing and maintaining brain circuits. Autophagy is a conserved process that keeps the quality of organelles and proteostasis. The role of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells remains unclear. The present study shows that autophagy is required to maintain the number of OPCs/OLs and myelin integrity during brain aging. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells increases the number of OPCs/OLs in the developing brain while exaggerating the loss of OPCs/OLs with brain aging. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs the turnover of myelin basic protein (MBP). It causes MBP to accumulate in the cytoplasm as multimeric aggregates and fails to be incorporated into integral myelin, which is associated with attenuated endocytic recycling. Inactivation of autophagy in oligodendrocyte lineage cells impairs myelin integrity and causes demyelination. Thus, this study shows autophagy is required to maintain myelin quality during aging by controlling the turnover of myelin components.
Animals ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Myelin Sheath/physiology* ; Aging/pathology* ; Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism* ; Cell Lineage/physiology* ; Mice ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain/cytology* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Count

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome