ObjectiveThis paper aims to observe the syndrome improvement and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）. MethodsThrough a multi-center randomized controlled methodology design，confirmed influenza cases were collected from October 2022 to April 2023 in the pediatrics department of eight hospitals，such as Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 180 children with influenza and heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome conforming to the standard were recruited through the clinic. The sick children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups by a block-randomized method. The children in the experimental group were treated with Qingxuan Daozhi formula for five days，and those in the control group were treated with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules for five days. The primary efficacy indicator was the negative conversion rate of influenza antigen detection. Secondary efficacy indicators were the Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale （CARIFS） and the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases. Follow-up observation was conducted on the day of enrollment，48 hours after medication，72 hours after medication， and （6+1） d after medication. ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group （90 cases） or the control group （90 cases）. All participants were followed up during the study. Comparison of influenza antigen detection results in the primary efficacy indicators showed that the average time of negative influenza antigen conversion in the experimental group was （5.29±1.25） d，and that in the control group was （5.40±1.68） d，without a statistically significant difference. After five days of intervention，52 cases in the experimental group and 51 cases in the control group converted to negative，without a statistically significant difference. CARIFS score results in the secondary efficacy indicators showed that during 72 hours after intervention，there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in three dimensions， including headache，muscle soreness， and the need for extra care （P<0.05）. On the （6+1） days after the intervention，the differences in both the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant in 10 dimensions， including sore throat，bad sleep，uncomfortable feeling，poor spirit and fatigue，crying more than usual，the need for extra care，symptom，function，influence on parents，and total score （P<0.05）. The comparison results within the group in the dimensional scores of symptom， function， and influence on parents，as well as the CARIFS total score showed that with the delay of follow-up time，scores of both groups decreased significantly，with a statistically significant difference （P<0.01）. Inter-group comparison results showed that the mean score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the time of enrollment. With the progress of intervention，the score of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. At the end of follow-up，the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group，with no statistically significant difference. In terms of the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases， there were no complications，severe cases， and critical cases in the two groups，without a statistically significant difference. ConclusionThe symptom improvement effect and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome） are not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate granules， and children's acceptance is better. It can be more widely used in clinical treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）.

Objective: To confirm the reactive anti-TP ELISA screening results in blood donor samples, and analyze implementaion of re-examination among reactive donors, so as to provide data support for effectively formulating re-examination strategies. Methods: Confirmation tests were performed on 331 samples (including 224 cases with dual-reagent reactivity and 107 cases with single-reagent reactivity) using treponema pallidum particle agglutination assays (TPPA). A total of 136 blood samples were collected from blood donors who have previously tested for anti-TP ELISA with single-reagent reactivity and voluntarily applied for re-examination from 2020 to 2024. Infectious disease indicators were detected in accordance with the "Technical Operating Procedures of Blood Stations (2019 Edition)". Among them, anti-TP screening was performed using ELISA reagents from two different manufacturers, and HBV/HCV/HIV nucleic acid testing was conducted using an individual donation nucleic acid testing (ID-NAT) mode. Supplementary tests (WB or TPPA) were conducted on samples with anti-TP ELISA single-reagent reactivity. A two-sided Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the differences of the positive rates of anti-TP among different groups or reagents. Results: Among the 331 samples, the confirmed positive rate was 93.75% (210/224) for dual-reagent reactive samples, and 2.8% (3/107) for single-reagent reactive samples. The confirmed positive rates of double reagent reactive samples with different reagent combinations were 91.7% (95% CI: 85.6%-95.5%), 95.6% (95% CI: 85.2%-98.8%), 96.6% (95% CI: 86.2%-97.3%) respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ =1.597, P=0.463). From 2020 to 2024, 994 donors showed anti-TP ELISA single-reagent reactive results. Among them, 136 (136/994, 13.68%) donors voluntarily applied for re-examination. After the first round of re-examination, 88 (88/136, 64.71%) donors passed the re-examination, and 18 donors were permanently deffered (18/136, 13.24%). Among the permanently quarantined donors, 12 donors remained anti-TP ELISA single-reagent reactive, including 8 confirmed positive for TP-specific antobodies and 4 with indeterminate results. The remaining 6 donors converted to dual-reagent reactive. Conclusion: The dual-reagent reactive results in anti-TP ELISA has a high true positive rate, and the corresponding blood donors can be directly deffered. The majority of single-reagent reactive anti TP-ELISA results are false positives. Timely confirmation or supplementary testing allows prompt notification of evaluation results to blood donors, and reduces unnecessary follow-up examinations. This helps improve the quality of blood donor services and management efficiency, as well as prevent blood donor attrition.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of paeonol(PAE)on autophagy in human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y)induced by overexpression of α-synuclein(α-Syn),and to explore its related mechanism.Methods SH-SY5Y cells served as control group,while those induced with A53T-α-Syn mutation were used as model group.Additional groups included PAE(150 μg/ml)group,3-MA(1 mmol/L)group,and PAE(150 μg/ml)+3-MA(1 mmol/L)group.Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 method,cell morphology was observed under an optical microscope,and protein expressions of α-Syn,LC3-Ⅱ,p62,Beclin-1,phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK),and p-Bcl-2 were determined by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group,model control exhibited decreased cell survival(P＜0.01),increased α-Syn expression(P＜0.001),reduced expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),elevated autophagy substrate protein p62(P＜0.05),and decreased expression of autophagy pathway-related proteins p-JNK and Bcl-2(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with model group,PAE group showed increased cell survival(P＜0.01),decreased α-Syn and p62 protein expression(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),and increased expression of LC3-Ⅱ,Beclin-1,p-JNK and Bcl-2(P＜0.05).Compared with PAE group,3-MA+PAE group demonstrated increased α-Syn expression(P＜0.05).Conclusions PAE could attenuate the injury of SH-SY5Y cells induced by A53T-α-Syn and eliminate over-expressed α-Syn by activating autophagy pathway,which may be associated with the upregulation of JNK/Bcl-2 mediated autophagy pathway.

Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly down-regulated metabolites in sera of RIPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 μg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13Cs]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

Objective:To investigate the impact of different CT reconstruction kernels on the quantitative analysis of small pulmonary vessels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and high-risk patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Clinical and imaging data of 73 COPD and high-risk patients visiting the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between March and April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent high-resolution CT of the chest and pulmonary function tests, with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1/FVC) obtained. The raw CT data were reconstructed using different kernels: the FC86 group used the adaptive iterative dose reduction(AIDR) 3D standard lung sharp reconstruction algorithm, the FC18 group used the AIDR 3D standard Body standard reconstruction algorithm, the advanced intelligent clear-IQ engine(AiCE) Lung group used the AiCE deep learning reconstruction algorithm for lung, and the AiCE Body group used the AiCE deep learning reconstruction algorithm for body. Image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and image noise were calculated. The pulmonary vessel segmentation & Measurement software was used to segment and extract pulmonary arteries and veins of four groups in thin-slice whole-lung CT imaging, obtaining the ratio of small pulmonary arteries (%V artery<5) and the ratio of small pulmonary veins (%V vein<5). The One-way repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman test was used to compare the differences in SNR, CNR, image noise, %V artery<5, and %V vein<5 among the four groups, followed by Bonferroni post hoc or Bonferroni-Dunn test with P-value correction to analysis differences between subgroups. The correlations between %V artery<5 and FEV 1/FVC, as well as between %V vein<5 and FEV 1/FVC were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis in all four groups. Results:The overall differences in image noise, SNR, and CNR in the AiCE Lung, AiCE Body, FC18, and FC86 groups were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Except for the difference in CNR values between the AiCE Lung group and the FC18 group, which was not statistically significant ( P=0.192), all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.016 7). The overall differences in %V artery<5 values and %V vein<5 values in the AiCE Lung, AiCE Body, FC18, and FC86 groups were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The %V artery<5 and %V vein<5 values in the FC18 group were lower than those in the AiCE Lung, AiCE Body, and FC86 groups ( P<0.016 7), and the rest of the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.016 7). %V artery<5 and %V vein<5 were positively correlated with FEV 1/FVC in all 4 groups ( P<0.05), with the highest correlation coefficient between %V vein<5 and FEV 1/FVC in the AiCE Body group ( r=0.501, P=0.001). Conclusions:DLR-AiCE-based kernel reconstruction optimizes image quality and significantly affects the results of quantitative parameters of small pulmonary vessels. The reconstruction kernel prioritized for quantitative analysis of small vessels within the lungs in COPD based on the CT scanner in this study is AiCE Body.

A mounting body of research suggests that circRNAs significantly contribute to the develop-ment of myocardial fibrosis.The microarray results of human circular RNA expression profile indicated that circHERC4_041 expression increased in the myocardium of patients with heart failure,RT-qPCR a-nalysis confirmed that the myocardial expression level of circHERC4_041 in individuals with heart failure were considerably elevated compared to that in healthy organ donors.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)confirmed that circHERC4_041 was abundant in the cytoplasm of human cardiomyocyte AC16.Overexpression of circHERC4_041 in mouse myocardial fibroblasts(mCFs)mediated by adenovirus in-hibited the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in mCFs.Experiments involving cell proliferation,wound healing,and Transwell assays demonstrated that overexpression of circHERC4_041 suppressed the growth and mobility of mCFs(P＜0.001).Sequence analysis results suggested that circHERC4_041 con-tains potential ribosome entry sequence(IRES)and open reading frame(ORF).Western blot confirmed that circHERC4_041 could translate the 516 amino acid HERC4-516aa protein,which was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the cell.Cell functional experiments confirmed that circHERC4_041 inhibited the fi-brotic phenotype of mCFs by specifically translating HERC4-516aa(P＜0.05).The specific interaction between HERC4-516aa and transglutaminase 2(TGM2)was confirmed by IP-MS screening and Co-IP i-dentification.Further results found that the degradation of TGM2 was promoted through proteasome path-way.The overexpression of TGM2 in mCFs facilitated by adenoviral vectors could counteract the suppres-sive effects of HERC4-516aa on the fibrotic phenotype of mCFs.Therefore,this study confirmed that the HERC4-516aa protein translated by circHERC4_041 can specifically bind to TGM2 to inhibit the fibrotic phenotype of myocardial fibroblasts.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Huayu Ditan Linao Decoction combined with Suhexiang Pills on elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage in convalescent stage.METHODS One hundred and ten patients were randomly assigned into control group(55 cases)for 1-month intervention of both conventional treatment and rehabilitation training,and observation group(55 cases)for 1-month intervention of Huayu Ditan Linao Decoction,Suhexiang Pills,conventional treatment and rehabilitation training.The changes in clinical effects,TCM syndrome score,NIHSS score,FMA score,BI index,cerebrovascular function indices(dynamic resistance,average flow velocity,peripheral resistance,average flow rate),serum inflammatory indices(IL-6,hs-CPR,TNF-α)and serum oxidative stress indices(SOD,MDA)were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased TCM syndrome score,NIHSS score,dynamic resistance,peripheral resistance,serum inflammatory indices,MDA(P＜0.05),and increased FMA score,BI index,average flow velocity,average flow rate,SOD(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION For the elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage in convalescent stage,Huayu Ditan Linao Decoction combined with Suhexiang Pills can enhance clinical effects,improve limb functions and nerve functions,regulate serum inflammatory and oxidative stress indice,and promote prognosis.

Objective:To construct a lentiviral interference plasmid targeting collapse response regulatory protein 1(CRMP1)gene,to establish a human neuroblastoma cell line(SH-SY5Y)with stable CRMP1 knockdown,and to investigate its impact on expression of NLRP3 inflammasome protein.Methods:Double-stranded shRNA was designed and synthesized targeting h-CRMP1 mRNA sequence,and cloned into PLKO.1 vector.Recombinant shCRMP1 plasmids were constructed correctly,which was transfected into HEK-293T cells for lentiviral packaging.Obtained lentivirus supernatant was concentrated and then infected into SH-SY5Y cells.The interference effect of shCRMP1 plasmid and protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components in SH-SY5Y cells were detected by Western blot.Results:DNA sequencing results showed that insertion sequences of recombinant interference plasmids pLKO.1-shCRMP1 were consistent with designed sequences,which confirmed successful construction of shCRMP1 lentivirus interfering plasmids and transfected into HEK-293T cells for lentivirus packaging,and protein level of CRMP1 in HEK-293T cells were decreased.SH-SY5Y cells were infected with lentivirus concentrate obtained from packaging and screened with puromycin.Western blot results showed that shCRMP1 recombinant lentiviral plasmids could significantly down-regulate CRMP1 protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells.It was also found that in SH-SY5Y cell line with stable CRMP1 knockdown,inhibition of CRMP1 expression could effectively inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation under MPP+induction.Conclusion:pLKO.1-shCRMP1 lentiviral interfering plas-mids have been successfully constructed,and interference with CRMP1 can inhibit activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in MPP+-in-duced SH-SY5Y cells.This study provides guidance for further research on mechanism of CRMP1 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

Objective:To build an experimental curriculum system of Oral Preventive Medicine with the goal of improving the job competence of oral medical students.Methods:By establishing knowledge modules, adjusting the experimental content, integrating teaching methods, and improving the comprehensive assessment system of teaching, the teaching reform is carried out in the experimental teaching of Oral Preventive Medicine for undergraduates from 2016 to 2017 in the Department of Stomatology at Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University.Results:The experimental curriculum system and teaching evaluation system of Oral Preventive Medicine with the goal of improving the job competence of medical students have been established. Cultivate students' independent learning ability and innovative and practical spirit, guide undergraduates to participate in social services, enhance the sense of social responsibility, and integrate theoretical education, ability training and quality education.Conclusions:Explore the new model of experimental oral medicine teaching, initially build the experimental curriculum system of Oral Preventive Medicine with the goal of job competence, promote the transformation of undergraduate teaching concept, deepen the connotation of teaching, and improve the depth and breadth of the teaching of Oral Preventive Medicine.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor,and its incidence rate has been slowly increasing since 2000.Although the improvement of diagnosis and treatment has led to an increase in the five-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer compared to 50 years ago,it remains one of the discouraging tumor diseases regarding its prognosis.In 2024,many achievements were made in the research of early screening,disease mechanism,clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer,showing a good prospect for clinical application.In early screening,artificial intelligence(AI)technology has empowered early diagnosis and screening of pancreatic cancer,pushing clinical diagnosis and treatment to a new level.Additionally,improvements in the accuracy of technologies such as liquid biopsy have provided new directions for early screening of pancreatic cancer.In terms of research on disease pathogenesis,3D genome mapping technology has revealed the polyclonal origin and genetic heterogeneity of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm(PanIN).In basic research,a branched organ simulation system that mimics the unique structural characteristics of pancreatic cancer provides a new model for in vitro studies of pancreatic cancer.Lactate,an important tumor metabolite,links the metabolic microenvironment of pancreatic cancer with epigenetic changes,revealing potential therapeutic targets.Defects in the histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase SETD2 contribute to endogenous epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic cancer and promote mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)and tumor progression.The platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)axis,which facilitates communication between stromal cells and cancer cells,forms a bidirectional secretory circuit and may become a new therapeutic target.Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage(CAR-M)therapy targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET demonstrates potential for synergistic enhancement with chemotherapy drugs.Macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment promote the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia through the CCL5/TRAF6/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway,suggesting that macrophages could be an effective target for predicting and intervening in the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia.In terms of advancements in diagnosis and treatment,surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve overall survival(OS)in resectable and borderline resectable patients,but further optimization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols is needed.The first clinically effective KRASG12D-targeted drug has been reported,and research on inhibitors of a wide range of KRAS mutants is continually emerging.Patient stratification based on glycolysis-related scores(GRS)can further guide the selection of treatment protocols."Intelligent exosomes"(ExoSmart)enhance cellular uptake capacity to assist in improving chemotherapy efficacy.The implementation of clinical trials combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy is expected to synergistically improve the efficacy of pancreatic cancer treatment.Pembrolizumab and anlotinib combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)have shown great efficacy and safety in first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)patients.The cancer vaccine ELI-002 2P,which targets KRAS mutation-encoded neoantigens,can induce an antitumor immune response.Oncolytic adenovirus therapy can synergistically improve the efficacy of treatment in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients when combined with chemotherapy.This article reviewed the latest major progress in the field of basic research and diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2024.