Exogenous harmful residues and endogenous toxic components are the main contents of safety analysis for animal traditional Chinese medicine. This review summarizes the inspection methods for exogenous harmful residues, as well as the research methods for the toxic effects and mechanisms of endogenous toxic components. The strategies for enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity of toxic animal drugs and quality control, and prospects the development trend of safety analysis for animal drugs were also discussed. In the detection of exogenous harmful residues in animal drugs, traditional methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are widely used, and new methods such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis are continuously developing. In the study of endogenous toxic components, the toxic components and mechanisms of some animal drugs including cantharidin and toad venom have been revealed through chemical composition analysis, toxicity tests and multiomics technologies, and some strategies for enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity have been proposed based on this. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen multidisciplinary integration to innovate detection technologies, clarify toxic mechanisms to achieve efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction, and improve the biosafety research system, so as to enhance the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicine animal drugs and promote the internationalization process of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the malignant phenotypic characteristics of NIH/3T3 cells induced by hexavalent chromium compound under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. Methods NIH/3T3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into four groups: two-dimensional (2D) control group, 2D transformation group, 3D control group, and 3D transformation group. The 2D control group underwent conventional culture, while the 3D control group was cultured with Matrigel. The 2D and 3D transformation groups were exposed to hexavalent chromium compound at a concentration of 0.25 mg/L based on their respective control conditions. Malignant transformation of NIH/3T3 cells was assessed using a soft agar colony formation assay. Malignant phenotypes were evaluated through assays of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, wound healing, Transwell migration, and Transwell invasion. Results Cells in both the 2D and 3D transformation groups exhibited anchorage-independent growth, indicating successful malignant transformation. The colony formation rate of cells in the 3D transformation group was higher than that in the 2D transformation group [(6.17±1.31)% vs (1.00±0.41)%, P<0.01]. Compared with the 3D control group, cell proliferation, apoptosis rate, and migration cell count decreased [(100.00±0.00)% vs (95.01±3.49)%, (9.32±0.43)% vs (7.12±0.40)%, (62.50±11.27) vs (48.33±7.31), all P<0.05], while invasion cell count increased [(57.17±9.68) vs (122.83±15.41), P<0.05], and the relative migration area at 12, 24, and 48 hours also increased in 3D transformation group [(4.32±2.09)% vs (10.75±0.45)%, (5.87±1.32)% vs (11.47±0.99)%, (8.74±1.34)% vs (11.79±0.93)%, all P<0.05]. The proportions of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases between the 3D transformation and 3D control groups had no significant differences (all P>0.05). Conclusion Hexavalent chromium compounds induce key malignant phenotypes in NIH/3T3 cells, including anchorage-independent growth, reduced apoptosis, and enhanced migratory and invasive capacities.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

Mass vaccination represents a highly effective strategy for accelerating disease control while simultaneously reducing incidence and mortality rates. By developing comprehensive plans and standards for mass vaccination, it is feasible to optimize resource allocation and swiftly enhance vaccination coverage, thereby preventing, controlling, or interrupting outbreaks or epidemics of specific infectious diseases. To standardize the mass vaccination process and establish a population immunity barrier in an orderly, efficient, and safe manner, a panel of experts was convened to develop the Recommendations on Mass Vaccination. These recommendations are grounded in the requirements of relevant policies and regulations in China, as well as the insights gained from the mass vaccination campaign for COVID-19 vaccines conducted in the country. The recommendations outline the system requirements pertaining to initiation conditions, departmental coordination, responsibilities, mobilization, operational specifications, and responses to vaccine reactions, among other aspects of mass vaccination implementation, so as to serve as a reference for future mass vaccination initiatives and the formulation of related policies.

The morbidity and mortality associated with diphtheria have been effectively managed through mass immunization strategies. Nevertheless, recent outbreaks of diphtheria have been reported in various regions of Africa and Asia. In addition to infections among children, there has been a notable increase in cases among middle-aged and elderly individuals, underscoring the necessity of continued vigilance in the control of diphtheria. This paper reviewed the epidemiology of diphtheria, the current application of vaccines, and immunization strategies, with the aim of providing evidence for the prevention and control of this disease.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

To satisfy the growing healthcare demands of the public, it is essential to develop a public service platform for vaccination. This initiative aligns with national policies, optimizes resource allocation, innovates service models, enhances service efficiency, and reduces service costs. Drawing on relevant national policies and regulatory requirements, as well as the notable achievements and practical experiences gained through the exploration and innovation of vaccination service models across various regions, this paper proposes expert recommendations. It defines the essential components and functional specifications for public service platforms, focusing on public needs such as electronic vaccination record management, appointment management, the promotion of electronic vaccination certificates, vaccination certificate verification for school enrollment, vaccination site navigation, and science communication and public engagement. The recommendations aim to serve as a reference for the development of vaccination public service platforms nationwide.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:To explore the clinicopathological features of rectal neuroendocrine tumor (R-NET) G2, identify prognostic factors, and summarize treatment experience.Methods:The clinical data of patients diagnosed with R-NET G2 by pathological diagnosis admitted to Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2003 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to analyze the association between pathological features and prognosis.Results:A total of 22 patients were enrolled in this study and 21 patients were followed up for a period of 6-98 months with a median follow-up time of 42 months. 5 patients died due to tumor progression during the follow-up period. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the whole group were 100.0%, 92.9%, and 69.6%, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 20 underwent surgical treatment, of which 15 underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy; 2 underwent medical treatment for liver and bone multiple metastases. The 5-year survival rates of patients with tumours ≥2 cm in length, T2-3 stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (57.1%, 68.8%, 66.7%, and 63.6%, respectively) were shorter than those of patients with tumours <2 cm in length, T1 stage, no lymph node metastasis, and no distant metastasis (all 100.0%, P＜0.001). In addition, patients with liver metastases had larger primary tumor diameters and higher T-stages compared with those without distant metastasis ( P＜0.05). Conclusions:R-NET G2 has a high degree of malignancy compared with G1 and a high propensity for metastasis. Clinicians should formulate appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies based on factors such as tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node status, presence of distant metastasis, and the location and extent of distant metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the transition rules of normal body mass index(BMI),overweight and metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University were included.Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission,the patients were categorized into three states:normal BMI,overweight and metabolic syndrome.A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions.Results A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included,with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males.The median follow-up period was 40 months.The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states,of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS.The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS,9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI.After 48.53 months,MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS.For overweight MDD patients,the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months.MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months.For MDD patients comorbid with MetS,the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months.Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients,while a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients.Conclusion MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS,and it is not easy to reverse MetS,suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients.