Cellular death in the body can occur through different processes,including apoptosis,pyroptosis and necrotic apoptosis,etc.PANoptosis is a newly discovered form of inflammatory cell death in recent years.It can be triggered by various stimulating factors and integrates multiple components that can induce cell death to assemble into various types of macromolecular complexes-PANoptosome,which then mediates cell death.Given the impact of PANoptosis on the entire disease spectrum,promoting or inhibiting its occurrence process may prevent the development of various diseases.The review summarizes the research progress on the occurrence mechanism of PANoptosis and its role in some diseases,and explores the crosstalk among multiple programmed cell death pathways,aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of related diseases.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common respiratory emergency,but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures.Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS,but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns.Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance,thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models.Coral calcium hydrogenation(CCH)is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium(CC).Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS re-mains unstudied.In this study,we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice.The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable,demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group.CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema,and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice.CCH promoted mitochon-drial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2(Trx2),improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS,and reduced oxidative stress damage.The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between dual-energy computed tomography angiography(CTA)parameters of carotid plaques and acute stroke events.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of patients who underwent dual-energy head and neck CTA and brain MRI scans.Utilizing the Siemens workstation(Syngo.Via VB40B),region of interest(ROI)were placed on the thickest slice of the carotid plaque in the axial plane to obtain parameters such as fat fraction(FF),virtual non-contrast(VNC)value,iodine concentration(IC),electron density(Rho),effective atomic number(Zeff),dual energy index(DEI),spectral curve,and corresponding CT values at 40 keV(40 keVHU)and 90 keV(90 keVHU).The slope of the energy spectrum curve(λ)was calculated within the 40 keV-90 keV range.Patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)in the ipsilateral anterior circulation territory were classified into the ACI group,while those without were classified into the non-acute cerebral infarction(NACI)(NACI group).Qualitative data were analyzed using the x2 test,and quantitative data were analyzed using the t-test.The predictive performance was assessed using the area under the curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the differences between different ROC curves were compared using the DeLong test.Results A total of 72 patients were included,with 21 in the ACI group and 51 in the NACI group.The mean values of FF,Zeff,and 40 keVHU in the ACI group were greater than those in the NACI group.Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for Zeff,DEI,40 keVHU,and λ(P＜0.05).40 keVHU demonstrated the highest predictive performance,and the AUC,sensitivity,and specificity was 0.789,81.0％,and 74.5％,respectively.A combined variable constructed through logistic regression analysis yielded an AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.796,85.7％,and 70.6％,respectively,with no significant statistical differences compared to single factor variables.Conclusion Dual-energy CTA parameters of carotid plaques may aid in predicting intraplaque hemorrhage(IPH)and the occurrence of acute stroke events.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFNα-2b) antiviral therapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods:A total of 166 treatment-naive CHB patients, who were treated at Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2021 to March 2023, were enrolled in this study. All the patients received Peg-IFNα-2b therapy for 48 weeks. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV serological markers, biochemical parameters, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokine levels were detected and compared before and after treatment. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and paired sample t test were used for statistical comparison. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion by stepwise regression method, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of immune indicators on HBsAg seroconversion. Results:Among the 166 treatment-naive CHB patients, the rate of HBV DNA negativity following 48 weeks of Peg-IFNα-2b therapy was 71.08%(118/166), the rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity was 32.05%(25/78), and the rate of HBsAg negativity was 20.48%(34/166). HBsAg negativity rate was 52.17%(24/46) in patients with baseline HBsAg<200 IU/mL, 10.26%(4/39) in patients with baseline HBsAg 200 to <1 200 IU/mL, and 7.41%(6/81) in patients with baseline HBsAg≥1 200 IU/mL, and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=39.37, P<0.001). After 48 weeks of treatment, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly lower than those before treatment ( Z=9.33, 8.58, 5.99, 2.36, respectively, all P<0.05). lmmune indicators were detected in 58 patients, and the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased significantly post-treatment, with notable increases in CD3 + CD8 + T/CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + DR + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD8 + DR + /CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD28 + /CD3 + CD8 + , and CD19 + B cells, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-2.56, t=-8.65, Z=-3.58, t=-3.66, Z=-3.04, t=-3.62, t=-3.87, respectively, all P<0.05). Conversely, the proportion of CD3 + , CD3 + CD4 + T/CD3 + T, CD3 + CD4 + CD45RO + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD8 + CD45RO + /CD3 + CD8 + and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio decreased significantly post-treatment ( t=3.13, t=5.61, t=3.69, Z=3.95, Z=7.33, respectively, all P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the proportion of CD16 + CD56 + natural killer (NK) cells, CD3 + CD4 + CD28 + /CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD4 + cells before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Serum levels of interleukin(IL)-8, IL-12P70, and IL-17 significantly decreased post-treatment ( Z=2.85, 3.26, 4.12, respectively, all P<0.05), while IL-2, IL-1β, and interferon(IFN)-α levels were significantly elevated compared to baseline ( Z=-4.92, -4.85, -9.01, respectively, all P<0.001). There were no significant differences in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified CD3 + CD8 + T/CD3 + T(odd ratios ( OR)=1.198, 95%confidence interval( CI) 1.003 to 1.432, P=0.046), CD3 + CD4 + DR + /CD3 + CD4 + ( OR=1.185, 95% CI 1.035 to 1.357, P=0.014), CD3 + CD8 + DR + /CD3 + CD8 + ( OR=0.813, 95% CI 0.690 to 0.958, P=0.013), CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD4 + ( OR=0.678, 95% CI 0.488 to 0.940, P=0.020), CD3 + CD8 + CD38 + /CD3 + CD8 + ( OR=1.272, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.512, P=0.007), CD19 + B cells( OR=0.752, 95% CI 0.582 to 0.971, P=0.029), IL-2( OR=8.568, 95% CI 1.927 to 38.087, P=0.005), and IL-17( OR=0.728, 95% CI 0.535 to 0.989, P=0.042) as independent factors influencing HBsAg seroconversion. The area under the curve (AUC) of the proportion of dCD19 + B cells (the reciprocal of CD19 + B cells) for predicting HBsAg seroconversion was 0.716, the sensitivity was 0.636, and the specificity was 0.809. The AUC of IL-2 was 0.657, the sensitivity was 0.818, and the specificity was 0.404. The AUC of dIL-17 (the reciprocal of IL-17 levels) was 0.624, the sensitivity was 0.727, and the specificity was 0.489. The AUC of IL-2 and dIL-17 as a combined predictor was 0.830, the sensitivity was 0.909, and the specificity was 0.787. Conclusions:Peg-IFNα-2b demonstrates significant antiviral, biochemical, and serological responses in treatment-naive CHB patients, with enhanced efficacy in patients exhibiting HBsAg levels <200 IU/mL. In patients with HBsAg<200 IU/mL, the rate of HBsAg negativity reached 52.17%.Peg-IFNα-2b can regulate the immune function of patients with CHB by increasing the proportion of activated T lymphocyte subsets and functional subsets. The proportion of CD19 + B cells, IL-2 levels, and IL-17 levels hold predictive value for achieving HBsAg seroconversion.

Objective To analyze the clinical diagnostic value of whole-body bone imaging combined with serum N-terminal osteo-calcin(N-Osrteoc)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)for evaluating bone metastasis in elderly patients with lung cancer.Methods General data of 100 elderly patients with lung cancer diagnozed for the first time at Tianjin Hospital between December 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected.Based on the pathological results,the patients were separated into a lung cancer bone metastasis group of 42 cases and a lung cancer non-bone metastasis group of 58 cases.Serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels were detected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).All patients underwent whole-body bone imaging using SPECT diagnostic equipment.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of serum N-Osrteoc,VEGFR2,and whole-body bone imaging for lung cancer bone metastasis.Furthermore,Kappa test was performed to analyze the consistency between different examination methods for diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis and pathological diagnosis results.Results The serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels in the bone metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the non-bone metastasis group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels,whole-body bone imaging,and their combination for diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis were 0.847,0.846,0.907,and 0.956,respectively.Furthermore,com-pared with the pathological results,the numbers of false-positive cases were 14,19,8,and 1,those of false-negative cases were 7,7,2,and 3,and the Kappa values were 0.579,0.487,0.799,and 0.917,respectively(P＜0.05).The specificity of whole-body bone imaging combined with serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 in diagnozing lung cancer bone metastasis was significantly higher than alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of whole-body bone imaging and serum N-Osrteoc and VEGFR2 levels is of great significance for early diagnosis of bone metastasis in elderly patients with lung cancer.This combined diagnosis has high sensitivity and specificity and can be widely used in clinical practice.

Aim To investigate the high expression of LINC00626 in colorectal cancer,and explore the effects of LINC00626 on the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer SW480 cells,as well as its underlying mechanisms.Methods Flu-orescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to de-tect the expression levels of LINC00626 in 38 colorec-tal cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent nor-mal tissues.The JASPAR database was utilized to pre-dict co-expressed genes and their possible binding sites.Cell transfection technology was employed to knockdown LINC00626.Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques were used to verify the transfection efficien-cy.CCK-8 assay,cell apoptosis and necrosis staining,and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the proliferation,apoptosis,drug sensitivity,and ap-optotic proteins of SW480 cells,respectively.Results The FISH results indicated that LINC00626 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues(P＜0.05).The expression of LINC00626 was not associat-ed with the age or gender of patients,but was related to the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node me-tastasis($ P＜0.05 $).The results of CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis and necrosis staining showed that af-ter knockdown of LINC00626,the proliferation ability of SW480 cells decreased,the apoptosis level in-creased,and the drug resistance decreased(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that with the de-crease in the expression level of LINC00626,the ex-pression of caspase-3 protein decreased,the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expres-sion of Bcl-2 protein decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions LINC00626 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and is associated with the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis.LINC00626 can af-fect the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of SW480 cells and alter the expression of apoptotic pro-teins.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Qiji Special Dietary Food on exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice.Methods An exercise-induced myocardial injury model was established using a treadmill running protocol,and at the same time,the modeled mice were administered Qiji Special Dietary Food via oral gavage,followed by a 4-week treadmill exhaustion test.Serum levels of cardiac troponin T(cTnT),creatine kinase(CK),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were measured.Myocardial tissues were analyzed for superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content.Histopathological alterations and ultrastructural changes in myocardial tissue were evaluated using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results After 4 weeks of exhaustive training,compared to the control group,the model group exhibited significantly elevated serum cTnT,CK,and myocardial MDA levels(P<0.01),along with reduced myocardial SOD activity(P<0.01).Compared to the model group,high-,medium-,and low-dose treatment significantly attenuated the exhaustive exercise-induced increases in serum cTnT level and myocardial MDA content(P<0.01),restoring these indicators to the levels comparable to those of the normal control group(P<0.05).Additionally,all treatment groups had markedly increased myocardial SOD activity,with no significant difference from the normal group.Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed markedly alleviated myocardial damage in the treatment groups,with the medium-dose group exhibiting the most pronounced protective effects.Conclusion Qiji Special Dietary Food demonstrates significant protective effects against exercise-induced myocardial injury in mice,which maybe associated with its antioxidant activity and mitigation of oxidative stress.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active moiety of both mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), serves as a primary immunosuppressant for maintaining solid organ transplants. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enhances treatment outcomes through tailored approaches. This study aimed to develop an evidence-based guideline for MPA TDM, facilitating its rational application in clinical settings. The guideline plan was drawn from the Institute of Medicine and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Using the Delphi method, clinical questions and outcome indicators were generated. Systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence quality evaluations, expert opinions, and patient values guided evidence-based suggestions for the guideline. External reviews further refined the recommendations. The guideline for the TDM of MPA (IPGRP-2020CN099) consists of four sections and 16 recommendations encompassing target populations, monitoring strategies, dosage regimens, and influencing factors. High-risk populations, timing of TDM, area under the curve (AUC) versus trough concentration (C₀), target concentration ranges, monitoring frequency, and analytical methods are addressed. Formulation-specific recommendations, initial dosage regimens, populations with unique considerations, pharmacokinetic-informed dosing, body weight factors, pharmacogenetics, and drug‍-‍drug interactions are covered. The evidence-based guideline offers a comprehensive recommendation for solid organ transplant recipients undergoing MPA therapy, promoting standardization of MPA TDM, and enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.
Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage* ; Drug Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage* ; Delphi Technique

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory emergency, but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures. Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS, but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns. Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance, thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models. Coral calcium hydrogenation (CCH) is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium (CC). Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice. The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group. CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice. CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS, and reduced oxidative stress damage. The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.