Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has the potential to rebuild the intestinal microbiome of patients, which can influence the disease course, alleviate symptoms, or even cure the disease. It is seen as a promising breakthrough for treating major chronic diseases that are difficult to manage. Currently, FMT therapy has been clinically studied for over 80 diseases and has led to significant breakthroughs. However, there are still four main challenges: (1) identifying the effective characteristics of donor microbiota and ensuring precise matching between donors and recipients; (2) understanding the pathways and molecular mechanisms by which key FMT bacteria and metabolites improve disease outcomes; (3) studying strain interactions and colonization mechanisms to restore intestinal microbiota balance; and (4) refining the precision of microbiome and functional microbiota transplantation. To address these clinical challenges, this article reviews the latest research both domestically and internationally, outlines the response patterns of FMT therapy, examines the reasons behind FMT failure, and explores future directions for the development of FMT. The aim is to accelerate the scientific and precise advancement of FMT technology in China.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has the potential to rebuild the intestinal microbiome of patients, which can influence the disease course, alleviate symptoms, or even cure the disease. It is seen as a promising breakthrough for treating major chronic diseases that are difficult to manage. Currently, FMT therapy has been clinically studied for over 80 diseases and has led to significant breakthroughs. However, there are still four main challenges: (1) identifying the effective characteristics of donor microbiota and ensuring precise matching between donors and recipients; (2) understanding the pathways and molecular mechanisms by which key FMT bacteria and metabolites improve disease outcomes; (3) studying strain interactions and colonization mechanisms to restore intestinal microbiota balance; and (4) refining the precision of microbiome and functional microbiota transplantation. To address these clinical challenges, this article reviews the latest research both domestically and internationally, outlines the response patterns of FMT therapy, examines the reasons behind FMT failure, and explores future directions for the development of FMT. The aim is to accelerate the scientific and precise advancement of FMT technology in China.

Anlotinib has strong antiangiogenic effects and leads to vessel normalization.However,the"window period"characteristic in regulating vessel normalization by anlotinib cannot fully explain the long-term survival benefits achieved through combining it with other drugs.In this study,through RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis,we discovered that anlotinib regulated the expression of components of the extracellular matrix(ECM),leading to a significant reduction in ECM stiffness.Our bioinformatic analysis revealed a potential positive relationship between the ECM pathway and gefitinib resistance,poor treatment outcomes for programmed death 1(PD-1)targeting,and unfavourable prognosis following chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.We administered anlotinib in combination with these antitumour drugs and visualized their distribution using fluorescent labelling in various tumour types.Notably,our results demonstrated that anlotinib prolonged the retention time and distribution of antitumour drugs at the tumour site.Moreover,the combination therapy induced notable loosening of the tumour tissue structure.This reduction was associated with decreased interstitial fluid pressure and tumour solid pressure.Additionally,we observed that anlotinib effectively suppressed the Ras homologue family member A(RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)signalling pathway.These findings suggest that,in addition to its antiangiogenic and vessel normalization effects,anlotinib can increase the distribution and retention of antitumour drugs in tumours by modulating ECM expression and physical properties through the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway.These valuable insights contribute to the development of combination therapies aimed at improving tumour targeting in cancer treatment.

Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis* ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis* ; Body Weight/immunology* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung/virology* ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Nasal Cavity/virology* ; RNA, Viral/immunology* ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity* ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral Load

Aim To evaluate the potency of anti-D. acutus venom IgY neutralizing the main activities of D. acutus venom.Methods After mixing the different a-mounts of IgY with snake venom and incubating togeth-er,the main activities of snake venom were assayed by biochemical methods.Results The in vitro assays in-dicated that anti-D.acutus venom IgY obviously neu-tralized the activities of PLA2 ,5′-nucleotidase,hyalu-ronidase,metalloprotease and serine proteinase (fi-brinogenase)in D.acutus venom.Mouse experiments showed that the ED50 value of IgY for mouse was 1 131.09 μg.Conclusion Anti-D.acutus venom IgY antibodies have good effects in neutralizing D.acutus venom without the toxicities themselves.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes of Jinling procedure in the treatment of adult Hirschsprung disease.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 125 patients with adult Hirschsprung disease undergoing Jinling procedure at the Department of General Surgery between January 2000 and January 2013 were summarized. All the patients were diagnosed by CT, barium enema, anorectal pressure detection and pathology examination. Abdominal symptoms, gastrointestinal quality of life index(GIQLI, the lower score, the worse quality of life), Wexner constipation score (higher score indicated worse symptom), defecography (evaluation included rectocele, mucosal prolapse, intramucosal intussusception, perineal prolapse) and other operative complications were compared before and after operation.

RESULTSAmong 125 patients, 69 were male and 56 were female with median age of (41.2±15.5) (18 to 75) years. The follow-up rates were 94.4%(118/125), 92.0%(115/125), 89.6%(112/125) and 88.0%(110/125) at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12. Incidences of abdominal distension and abdominal pain were 100% and 82.4%(103/125) before operation, and were 7.3%(8/110) and 20.9%(23/110) at 12 months after surgery. Wexner score was significantly lower at postoperative months 1(8.7±2.9), 3 (7.2±2.8), 6(6.7±2.2) and 12(6.3±1.7) than that before operation (21.4±7.2) (P<0.01). GIQLI score was 51.6±11.9 before operation, though it decreased at 1 month (47.3±5.5)(P<0.05) after surgery, but increased significantly at postoperative months 3, 6, 12(68.9±8.0, 96.5±8.2, 103.2±8.6)(P<0.01). Abnormal rate of defecography was 70.4%(81/115), 48.2%(54/112) and 27.3%(30/110) at postoperative months 3, 6, 12, which was significantly lower than 91.2%(114/125) before operation (P<0.01). Morbidity of postoperative complication was 29.6%(37/125), including 5 cases of surgical site infection (4.0%), 2 of anastomotic bleeding (1.6%), 8 of anastomotic leakage (6.4%, one died of severe abdominal infection), 4 of urinary retention (3.2%), 3 of recurrent constipation (2.4%, without megacolon relapse), 11 of bowel obstruction (8.8%), 2 of anastomotic stricture(1.6%) and 2 of refractory staphylococcus aureus enteritis (1.6%, diagnosed by stool smear and culture, and both died finally).

CONCLUSIONJinling procedure is a safe and effective surgical procedure for adult Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Colectomy ; Constipation ; Defecography ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Hirschsprung Disease ; surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intussusception ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perineum ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Rectocele ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety, effectiveness and long-term results of Jinling procedure.

METHODSA total of 1 100 patients with refractory constipation were admitted to the Institute of General Surgery between February 2000 and December 2013 and received Jinling procedure. There were 217 male and 883 female patients with an average age of (45±15) years and an average duration of (275±159) months. The Jinling procedure modifies the classic procedure of subtotal colectomy with colorectal anastomosis by adding a new side-to-side cecorectal anastomosis. The general clinical data, postoperative complications, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), Wexner constipation score, satisfaction rate, body composition, nutritional status, homeostasis, anal manometry and defecography during follow-up were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test analysis, χ(2) test or Fisher's exact probability.

RESULTSThe postoperative follow-up rate were 96.73%, 94.36%, 93.00% and 92.55% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The satisfaction rate were 62.50%, 72.45%, 93.16% and 94.70% respectively during 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. The postoperative 1 month, GIQLI was lower than that of preoperative (P=0.038), but significantly better at postoperative 3 month than the preoperative (P=0.022), and gradually improve after then. Wexner score was significantly lower at postoperative 1 month than the preoperative (P=0.018), and with the gradually reduce. Compared to the preoperative baseline, all body composition and serum protein parameters decreased significantly at the one-month follow-up and then increased gradually over the remaining follow-up period. Weight and prealbumin were significantly higher than the preoperative at postoperative 12 month. Jinling procedure had no effect on electrolytes. All patients were detected in defecography before surgery, but these abnormal indicators were improved after surgery. Anal function, coordinated movement anorectal function, anorectal reflex and rectal sensation were injured at early postoperative, but as time goes on, these indicators gradually returned to preoperative levels, some indicators better than the preoperative level. Postoperative surgical site infection, anastomotic bleeding , anastomotic leakage, urinary retention, sexual dysfunction, recurrent constipation, bowel obstruction, anastomotic stricture and mortality rates were 4.36%, 5.45%, 6.00%, 6.91%, 0.64%, 0.45%, 8.82%, 4.00% and 0.27% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSJinling procedure is a safe and effective surgical procedure for refractory constipation. It can improve defecation function and quality of life significantly, and has a high follow-up satisfaction rate.

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Colectomy ; Constipation ; surgery ; Defecation ; Defecography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Rectum ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To examine the sex differences in prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs and drug-induced side effects in schizophrenia patients in China. Methods Using the same design and a standardized protocol as in 2002 and 2006, the cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August, 2012 in 45 psychiatric hospitals/centers in 10 provinces and municipalities in China. Inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened for eligibility for this study. Sociodemographic characteristics and prescription pattern were collected by using a modified questionnaire for the study. Data comparisons between male and female were performed with univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the gender differences in prescription pattern and drug-induced side effects. Results The sample consisted of 2 260 male and 1 979 female patients. Univariate analyses showed that male patients were younger than female patients(t=5.398), having an earlier age at onset(t=5.662), higher percentage of being employed(χ2=31.597), and more negative symptoms(χ2=10.814)and aggressive behavior (χ2=5.816), more likely to receive clozapine (23.9%(472/1 979) vs. 28.5%(645/2 260),χ2=11.955), higher antipsychotic doses(476 mg vs. 514 mg,F=14.003), less use of antidepressants (7.9%(156/1 979) vs. 6.0%(136/2 260),χ2=5.722)and benzodiazepines(23.9%(472/1 979)vs. 20.0%(451/2 260),χ2=9.396), more frequent tardive dyskinesia(1.3%(25/1 979)vs. 2.1%(47/2 260),χ2=4.212)and less weight gain(11.0%(218/1 979)vs. 7.7%(173/2 260),χ2=14.233)and prolactin elevation(3.2%(63/1 979)vs. 1.7%(39/2 260),χ2=9.548;all P<0.05). In multivariate analyses, greater rate of clozapine use (OR=1.268,P=0.001), less rate of benzodiazepines use(OR=0.841,P=0.025) and antidepressants(OR=0.78,P=0.045),higher rate of tardive dyskinesia(OR=1.879,P=0.014)and less weight gain (OR=0.669,P=0.001) and prolactin elevation (OR=0.527,P=0.003) were independently associated with the male sex. Conclusion Gender is one of the independent contributors to psychotropic prescription pattern and side effects of antipsychotics in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Gender differences should be given more attention in research and clinical practice.

Objective To examine the sex differences in prescribing patterns of psychotropic drugs and drug-induced side effects in schizophrenia patients in China. Methods Using the same design and a standardized protocol as in 2002 and 2006, the cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August, 2012 in 45 psychiatric hospitals/centers in 10 provinces and municipalities in China. Inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened for eligibility for this study. Sociodemographic characteristics and prescription pattern were collected by using a modified questionnaire for the study. Data comparisons between male and female were performed with univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the gender differences in prescription pattern and drug-induced side effects. Results The sample consisted of 2 260 male and 1 979 female patients. Univariate analyses showed that male patients were younger than female patients(t=5.398), having an earlier age at onset(t=5.662), higher percentage of being employed(χ2=31.597), and more negative symptoms(χ2=10.814)and aggressive behavior (χ2=5.816), more likely to receive clozapine (23.9%(472/1 979) vs. 28.5%(645/2 260),χ2=11.955), higher antipsychotic doses(476 mg vs. 514 mg,F=14.003), less use of antidepressants (7.9%(156/1 979) vs. 6.0%(136/2 260),χ2=5.722)and benzodiazepines(23.9%(472/1 979)vs. 20.0%(451/2 260),χ2=9.396), more frequent tardive dyskinesia(1.3%(25/1 979)vs. 2.1%(47/2 260),χ2=4.212)and less weight gain(11.0%(218/1 979)vs. 7.7%(173/2 260),χ2=14.233)and prolactin elevation(3.2%(63/1 979)vs. 1.7%(39/2 260),χ2=9.548;all P<0.05). In multivariate analyses, greater rate of clozapine use (OR=1.268,P=0.001), less rate of benzodiazepines use(OR=0.841,P=0.025) and antidepressants(OR=0.78,P=0.045),higher rate of tardive dyskinesia(OR=1.879,P=0.014)and less weight gain (OR=0.669,P=0.001) and prolactin elevation (OR=0.527,P=0.003) were independently associated with the male sex. Conclusion Gender is one of the independent contributors to psychotropic prescription pattern and side effects of antipsychotics in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Gender differences should be given more attention in research and clinical practice.

The aim of this research is to investigate the preparation method of valve membrane in transcatheter bio- prosthetic valve, and to study the effect of chemical modification and cutting technology to tensile property and suture force property of valve membrane. We carried out a series of processes to perform the tests, such as firstly to test the crosslinking degree of valve membrane using ninhydrin method, then to test the tensile property and suture force property by using Instron's biomechanicAl testing equipment, and then to observe the collagen fiber orientation in valve membrane using Instron's biomechanical testing equipment and using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The study indicated that after the chemical modification, the crosslinking degree, tensile strength and suture force strength increasing rate of valve membrane were 93.78% ± 3. 2%, (8.24 ± 0.79) MPa, 102%, respectively. The valve membrane had a better biomechanical property and would be expected to become valve membrane in transcatheter bioprosthesis valve.
Bioprosthesis ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tensile Strength