Objective To implement the disease prevention and control strategy of being ^"proactive and grassroots-focused,^" and to enhance the overall effectiveness of general hospitals in the tertiary prevention of cervical cancer, this consensus aims to provide an actionable guiding framework for the standardized construction of ^"Integrated Outpatient Clinics for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control^" in general hospitals at all levels. Methods This consensus systematically elaborates on the specific elements for establishing such integrated clinics and formulates the corresponding standards. Results It is anticipated that the consensus will promote the establishment of standardized, homogeneous, and high-efficiency frontline positions for cervical cancer prevention and control within general hospitals, thereby contributing to the strategic vision of accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer. Conclusion The formulation and promotion of the consensus aim to provide robust clinical practice support for accelerating the realization of China's strategic vision of eliminating cervical cancer.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections have emerged as a serious challenge of global public health crisis. The overuse and misuse of conventional antibiotics have dramatically accelerated the emergence, evolution and worldwide spread of drug-resistant bacterial strains, necessitating urgent exploration of novel antibacterial strategies. Bacteriophages serve as natural bacterial predators offering distinct advantages including high host specificity, autonomous self-replication capabilities and cost-effective large-scale production. However, wild-type phages present significant clinical limitations due to their narrow host ranges, susceptibility to rapid immune clearance and poor penetration of bacterial biofilms, which severely restrict their therapeutic applications. The convergence of synthetic biology, nanotechnology and advanced gene editing technologies has accelerated the development of engineered bacteriophage platforms, providing programmable, scalable and clinically translatable pathways to overcome these inherent biological constraints. Here, we systematically delineate four fundamental strategies for engineered bacteriophage development. Chemical modification utilizes reactive functional groups such as amino, carboxyl and thiol moieties on capsid proteins through esterification, amidation or click chemistry reactions to achieve precise drug conjugation and surface functionalization. In vivo editing encompasses ultraviolet or chemical mutagenesis for random mutation induction, homologous recombination for targeted genetic alterations, recombineering methodologies including electroporation-mediated bacteriophage recombination engineering, and CRISPR-Cas systems for precise genome editing to enable exact genetic reconstruction and host range reprogramming. In vitro synthesis leverages genome engineering platforms where intact phage genomes are transferred into yeast or host bacteria to facilitate highly efficient homologous recombination, enabling large DNA fragment assembly and cross-gene host range expansion without bacterial toxicity constraints. Directed evolution combines artificial selection through mutation library screening with rational design approaches involving chimeric receptor binding protein construction or site-specific mutagenesis, effectively balancing the discovery of unknown adaptive pathways with targeted host specificity modification. Moreover, we comprehensively discuss therapeutic applications across diverse clinical scenarios. Engineered bacteriophage effectively disrupt bacterial biofilms through sophisticated functionalized delivery platforms including nanozyme-conjugated phages, phage-liposome nanoconjugates and bio-responsive hydrogels, demonstrating significantly enhanced bactericidal efficiency compared to unmodified free phages. These bioengineered vectors attenuate bacterial virulence and resensitize pathogens to antibiotics by delivering CRISPR-Cas systems or base editors to disrupt critical virulence factors such as pili, capsule synthesis machineries and quorum sensing systems, or by inactivating antibiotic resistance determinants including beta-lactamase genes. As an intelligent nanomedicine delivery platform, engineered bacteriophage enable precise pathogen elimination an through photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation, immunomodulatory interventions, or controlled release of antibacterial drugs. Furthermore, oral administration of engineered bacteriophage facilitates microbiota modulation, which selectively eliminate intestinal pathogens while preserve beneficial commensal microbiota, thereby restoring microbial community balance and preventing complications associated with dysbiosis. Finally, we critically analyze persistent challenges including host strain matching complexity, evolution of bacterial resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetic optimization requirements, optimal administration route selection, large-scale production quality control standards and clinical dosing determination protocols. Through multidisciplinary integration of synthetic biology, infectious disease medicine and immunology, future translational medicine studies of bacteriophage should establish comprehensive technical platforms encompassing rapid phage screening, intelligent rational design, rigorous in vivo evaluation and standardized clinical validation processes, ultimately advancing engineered bacteriophage from laboratory innovations to clinically approved therapeutics for effectively combating MDR bacterial infections.

Objective The aim of the study is to analyze the incidence patterns and epidemiological characteristics of parasitic and vector-borne diseases in the Minhang and Jinshan districts of Shanghai, and provide evidence-based information for optimizing prevention and control measures. Methods We collected information from epidemic reports and epidemiological investigation forms for cases of parasitic and vector-borne diseases from 2005 to 2024 in Shanghai's Minhang and Jinshan districts. Descriptive epidemiological method were adopted to conduct a comparative analysis of incidence trends, epidemic characteristics, and infection sources. Results A total of 229 cases in 7 categories were reported between 2005 and 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.36/100 000. The average annual incidence rate in Minhang District was significantly higher than that in Jinshan District. The most prevalent diseases were malaria and dengue fever, followed by Japanese encephalitis. Monthly case reports were available, predominantly from June to October, with a peak in July-August. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two districts in case distribution during June-October (P＜0.001), whereas no significant difference was found for July-August (P=0.331). The majority of cases were young men (111/229,48.47%), aged 20-39 years. Migrant workers/farmers constituted the largest occupational group (55/229, 24.02%). Registered residents of other provinces and cities (147/229,64.19%), and the main source of infection was overseas importation (112/229,48.91%). There were no statistically significant differences in gender and household-registration composition between the two districts (P＞0.05). Significant differences existed in age, occupation, and source of infection (P＜0.05). The imported diseases were malaria and dengue fever, with Africa and Southeast Asia being the primary source locations. Malaria was the predominant disease imported from other provinces and cities, with cases having been imported from abroad since 2012. Local infections were mainly Japanese encephalitis, followed by malaria (with the last local case reported in 2010). Cases between 2005 and 2009 were predominantly imported from other provinces and cities. The proportion of cases imported from abroad increased sharply after 2010, particularly in Minhang District. Local infections sometimes arise in Jinshan District, with Japanese encephalitis serving as the primary type. Conclusions Incidence rates of parasitic and vector-borne diseases in Minhang and Jinshan districts have generally remained low. To further reduce this disease burden, it will be necessary to strengthen joint measures for prevention and control, eliminate the environmental risk factors of vector organisms, enhance monitoring and precise control of the environment and inbound personnel to prevent the occurrence and transmission of parasitic and vector-borne diseases.

Chronic post-dissection aortic aneurysms (PDAAs) are severe long-term complications following surgical or medical conservative management of aortic dissection, primarily caused by persistent perfusion of the residual false lumen. The persistent patency of the residual false lumen is the key pathological mechanism leading to adverse distal aortic remodeling, which can result in progressive aortic dilation, increased risk of rupture, and elevated reintervention requirements, significantly affecting patients' long-term prognosis. This article reviews the latest research progress on assessment methods, influencing factors, and intervention strategies for distal aortic remodeling in PDAAs, aiming to provide reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the species of ticks in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into management of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Methods During the period between May 2023 and June 2024, livestock breeding farms and vegetation neighboring the place of residence of confirmed and suspected patients with tick-borne disease were selected as sampling points in rural areas from Yindian Township, Gaocheng Township, Wanhe Township, Wushan Township, Xiaolin Township, Xihe Township, Hedian Township and Beijiao Street in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, where confirmed and suspected cases with tick-borne diseases had been reported. The parasitic ticks on the body surface of free-range livestock were captured with tweezers in livestock breeding farms, and free ticks on the vegetation surface were captured with the flagging method. Morphological identification of tick samples was performed under a microscope, and the gender and developmental stage of ticks were determined. One engorged adult tick, 2 to 3 blood-feeding but non-engorged adult ticks, 10 to 15 unfed female ticks, 15 to 20 unfed male ticks, and 30 to 40 tick nymphs or larvae were assigned into a group, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from tick samples in each group, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was amplified. Sequence analysis was performed with the DNASTAR software, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software MEGA 7.0. In addition, the phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum likelihood method based on the Kimura 2 parameter model. Results A total of 2 438 ticks were captured from Suizhou City, Hubei Province during the period between May 2023 and June 2024, including 595 free ticks and 1 483 parasitic ticks. Three developmental stages of ticks were captured, including larvae, nymphs, and adults, and 75.18% (1 899/2 438) of captured ticks were adult, in which 79.04% (1 501/1 899) were female. Morphological and molecular biological assays identified one family, three genera and four species of captured ticks, including 2 425 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks (99.47%) and one H. flava tick (0.04%) of the genus Haemaphysalis, 11 Rhipicephalus microplus ticks (0.45%) of the genus Rhipicephalus, and one Ixodes sinensis tick (0.04%) of the genus Ixodes in the family Ixodidae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H. longicornis sequence (SZ49) in this study was clustered with sequences from Yunnan Province (GenBank accession number: MH024510.1), Hebei Province (GenBank accession number: MK450606.1) and Henan Province (GenBank accession number: MZ230645.1) into a clade, and the H. flava sequence (SZ19) in this study was clustered with sequences from Japan (GenBank accession number: MW064044.1), South Korea (GenBank accession number: ON629585.1), and Jiangsu Province (GenBank accession number: PP494741.1) and Hebei Province of China (GenBank accession number: MH520685.1) into a clade, while the R. microplus sequence (SZ8) in this study was clustered with the sequences from India (GenBank accession number: MK621328.1), and Henan Province (GenBank accession number: MT555307.1) and Guizhou Province of China (GenBank accession number: PP446801.1) into a clade. The sequence of I. sinensis (SZ23) in this study had 99.51% homology with that (GenBank accession number: OM368265.1) of ticks sampled from Wuhan City, Hubei Province. Conclusion There are four tick species of H. longicornis, H. flava, R. microplus and I. sinensis in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, and H. longicornis is the dominant species. H. flava is firstly recorded in Suizhou City.

Clinical prediction models, which utilize clinical data and statistical methods, aim to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of medical decision-making and improve patient health outcomes. These models play a crucial role in optimizing healthcare decisions and tailoring treatments to individual needs. However, many studies currently face systemic challenges during the development process, including unclear model design objectives, redundant model construction, lack of clinical relevance in variable selection, and irregular data preprocessing. These issues finally lead to reduced model performance and limited clinical applicability. To address these challenges, this study systematically reviews relevant literature, including articles from the BMJ, and draws on practical research experience to propose a structured preparation process. This process aims to provide a scientific guiding framework for model development, ensuring the efficiency of subsequent model construction and the accuracy of predictions, thus laying a foundation for the application and advancement of clinical prediction models.

Clinical prediction models are statistical tools that incorporate multiple variables to predict the likelihood of specific outcomes, by which the accuracy and efficiency of medical decision-making can be facilitated and patient health outcomes can be improved. However, many current studies face problems, such as model construction and reporting irregularities, as well as questionable reliability, which limit their clinical application of clinical prediction model. Therefore, this study systematically reviews relevant literatures, including publications from journals like BMJ, and outline the steps involved in constructing clinical prediction models based on practical research experience. It also provides an in-depth comparison of commonly used methods during the construction process and proposes a comprehensive guiding framework to help researchers in the field to better understand and master the core concepts and practical skills of clinical prediction models for the purpose of improving their professional capabilities in the development, validation, and application of clinical prediction models.

Objective:To evaluate the toxicity of foscarnet sodium injection into the anterior chamber and intravitreal cavity on the cornea and retina.Methods:Thirty-six adult New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into control group, intravitreal injection group, and intracameral injection group, with 12 rabbits in each group.In the control group, 0.1 ml of balanced salt solution (BSS) was injected into the vitreous cavity of one eye, and an equal volume of BSS was injected into the anterior chamber of the other eye.In the intracameral injection group and intravitreal injection group, 0.1 ml of sodium foscarnet 1.2 mg was injected into the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity of one eye, respectively.Slit-lamp microscopy, ophthalmoscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed on 3 experimental rabbits from each group on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after injection.After sacrifice, both eyeballs were removed, and the corneas and retinas were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the toxicity to the cornea and retina comprehensively.The use and care of the animals complied with the ARVO Statement.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (No.IRB00006761-2015197). Results:Slit-lamp microscopy and OCT showed no corneal edema, intraocular inflammation, or other abnormalities in the intravitreal injection and control groups.Mild corneal edema was observed in intracameral injection group 1 day after injection, which resolved 7 days after injection. In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed normal hexagonal corneal endothelial cell morphology in the intravitreal injection and control groups.There was no significant difference in endothelial cell density at baseline and 1, 7, and 14 days after injection among the three groups ( Fgroup=1.21, P=0.32; Ftime=1.21, P=0.32).Light microscopy revealed no obvious corneal abnormalities.On days 1 and 7 after injection, retinal nerve fiber layer vacuolization and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the intravitreal injection and control groups.In the intravitreal injection of BSS group, inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in the retina without vacuolization 1 day after injection.There were no structural changes in the photoreceptor layer, and the nuclear layer was well-organized.Scanning electron microscopy showed no significant abnormalities in the corneal endothelium in the intravitreal injection group 1 day after injection.In the intracameral injection group, a large number of inflammatory cells were deposited and adhered to the corneal endothelium 1 day after injection and disappeared 7 days after injection.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that in the intravitreal injection group, 1 day after injection swelling of corneal endothelial cells, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and partial mitochondrial swelling were observed, which normalized 14 days after injection and vacuolization was present in the retina and interstitial fluid accumulation persisted until the 28 days after injection.In the intracameral injection group, swollen mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum of corneal endothelial cells was observed and resolved by 14 days after injection.However, structural abnormalities in the membranous discs of the photoreceptor outer segments and interstitial fluid accumulation in the optic nerve fiber layer persisted 1 day after injection and did not fully recover 28 days after injection. Conclusions:Intracameral intravitreal and injection of foscarnet sodium have transient toxic effects on the retina, which gradually weaken over time.Intracameral injection of foscarnet sodium was more toxic to corneal endothelial cells than intravitreal injection.

AIM To establish the near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative models for moisture,23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.METHODS The near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 95 batches of decoction pieces,after which drying method was adopted in the content determination of moisture,HPLC was applied to determining the contents of 23-acetylalismol B and 23-acetylalismol C,the quantitative models were established by partial least squares method combined with feature extraction algorithms.RESULTS The model training determination coefficients were 0.952 6,0.958 1 and 0.920 8,along with the prediction determination coefficients of 0.930 0,0.905 2 and 0.906 4,the residual prediction deviations(PRD)of 4.00,3.58 and 3.46,and the root mean square error ratios of prediction values to calibration values(RMSEP/RMSEC)of 1.15,1.11 and 1.06,respectively.CONCLUSION The quantitative models based on NIRS exhibit good prediction effects,which can be used for the rapid quality detection of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces.

Objective:To develop an air transfer stretcher for severely injured patients,so as to meet the requirements of severely injured patients for rapid transport of aviation medical treatment.Methods:The guide rails of hatch of mainstream civil airliner models were analyzed through investigation.Based on the principles of modularization,integration and intelligence,a highly universal and portable aviation stretcher with the functions of rapid transport and life support was designed and developed.The design of the stretcher was verified through simulation analysis and calculation,as well as tests in laboratory,which should meet the requirements of the standards from China Civil Aviation Regulations(CCAR)-25.Results:The results of simulation analysis and tests of laboratory showed that the aviation transport stretcher,and the strength and stiffness of its structure reached to requirement of CCAR-25 standard,which was suit to the portable aviation evacuation of severely injured patients on civil airliners,and the rapid transfer between air and ground.It has the function of supporting life,and the aviation transport stretcher with high universality and convenience can enhance the safety and rescue capability of aviation evacuation system of medical treatment of aviation.Conclusion:The portable aviation stretcher with high-versatility that was researched and developed by this study can effectively solve the problems of life support,injury monitoring,and emergently rescue and treatment during the transport for severely injured patients,which improve the support ability of air-ground transportation for severely injured patients.