Objective To investigate the changes of diameter of the main trunk of the extracranial segment of the facial nerve,local hemodynamics and facial muscle thickness in patients with peripheral facial palsy(PFP)at acute stage by high frequency ultrasound(HFUS).Methods Sixty patients with acute PFP were enrolled as the PFP group,and 30 healthy people were selected as the control group.The following facial param-eters were scanned and recorded using HFUS:diameter of the main trunk of the extracranial segment of the facial nerve(FN-d),facial artery diameter(FA-d),facial artery systolic velocity(FA-Vs),facial artery diastolic velocity(FA-Vd),facial artery resistance index(FA-RI),frontalis muscle thickness(FM-t),depressor anguli oris muscle thickness(DAO-t),and depressor labii inferioris muscle thickness(DLI-t).The feasibility of facial param-eters in the diagnosis of acute-phase peripheral facial palsy(PFP)was evaluated,with intra-group and inter-group variability comparisons performed.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between acute-phase facial parameters and House-Brackmann(H-B)scale scores in PFP patients.Results(1)The H-B score of the PFP group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)The reliability of repeated measurements of facial parameters by different testers is good(ICC＞0.75).(3)The FN-d and FA-RI values on the affected side of PFP group were higher than those on the healthy side and control group,and FA-Vs,FA-Vd,DAO-t and DLI-t values were lower than those on the healthy side and control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).(4)The FN-d and FA-RI values of the affected side in the PFP group were negatively correlated with the H-S scale score(r=-0.847,P＜0.05;r=-0.863,P＜0.05);FA Vs,FA Vd,DAO-t,DLI-t are positively correlated with H-S scale scores(r=0.808,P＜0.05;r=0.757,P＜0.05;r=0.836,P＜0.05;r=0.694,P＜0.05).Conclusions HFUS can effectively detect the characteristic changes such as the increase in the diameter of the extrcranial facial nerve trunk,local microcircula-tion disturbance and facial muscle atrophy in patients with PFP in the acute stage,and the increase and decrease of FN-d,FA Vs,FA Vd,FA-RI,DAO-t,and DLI-t can accurately reflect the improvement or progress of PFP,which has important guiding significance for clinical disease monitoring and efficacy evaluation.

Objective To investigate the changes of diameter of the main trunk of the extracranial segment of the facial nerve,local hemodynamics and facial muscle thickness in patients with peripheral facial palsy(PFP)at acute stage by high frequency ultrasound(HFUS).Methods Sixty patients with acute PFP were enrolled as the PFP group,and 30 healthy people were selected as the control group.The following facial param-eters were scanned and recorded using HFUS:diameter of the main trunk of the extracranial segment of the facial nerve(FN-d),facial artery diameter(FA-d),facial artery systolic velocity(FA-Vs),facial artery diastolic velocity(FA-Vd),facial artery resistance index(FA-RI),frontalis muscle thickness(FM-t),depressor anguli oris muscle thickness(DAO-t),and depressor labii inferioris muscle thickness(DLI-t).The feasibility of facial param-eters in the diagnosis of acute-phase peripheral facial palsy(PFP)was evaluated,with intra-group and inter-group variability comparisons performed.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between acute-phase facial parameters and House-Brackmann(H-B)scale scores in PFP patients.Results(1)The H-B score of the PFP group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)The reliability of repeated measurements of facial parameters by different testers is good(ICC＞0.75).(3)The FN-d and FA-RI values on the affected side of PFP group were higher than those on the healthy side and control group,and FA-Vs,FA-Vd,DAO-t and DLI-t values were lower than those on the healthy side and control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).(4)The FN-d and FA-RI values of the affected side in the PFP group were negatively correlated with the H-S scale score(r=-0.847,P＜0.05;r=-0.863,P＜0.05);FA Vs,FA Vd,DAO-t,DLI-t are positively correlated with H-S scale scores(r=0.808,P＜0.05;r=0.757,P＜0.05;r=0.836,P＜0.05;r=0.694,P＜0.05).Conclusions HFUS can effectively detect the characteristic changes such as the increase in the diameter of the extrcranial facial nerve trunk,local microcircula-tion disturbance and facial muscle atrophy in patients with PFP in the acute stage,and the increase and decrease of FN-d,FA Vs,FA Vd,FA-RI,DAO-t,and DLI-t can accurately reflect the improvement or progress of PFP,which has important guiding significance for clinical disease monitoring and efficacy evaluation.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Fried Licorice Decoction Plus-minus in combination with PD-1 therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with Qi-Yin deficiency.Methods:From December 2020 to December 2022,72 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC with Qi-Yin deficiency were enrolled in this study.The patients were recruited from Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine.The patients were randomly assigned into two groups,with 36 patients in each group.The control group received PD-1 treatment alone,and the treatment group received PD-1 combined with Fried Licorice Decoction Plus-minus.The measures of primary outcomes included immune function(CD3+,CD3+/CD4+,and CD3+/CD8+)and quality of life score(Kamofsky,KPS).The measures of secondary outcomes included the objective response rate(ORR);traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptom score;serum tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA);neuron-specific enolase(NSE);cytokeratin fragment(CYFRA211);and incidence of immune-related adverse events such as gastrointestinal toxicity,pulmonary toxicity,hepatotoxicity,and thyroid toxicity.Results:Regarding immune function regulation,a significant improvement was observed in CD3+,CD3+/CD4+,and CD3+/CD8+.Furthermore,at T3 and T4 time points,an improvement was observed in patient quality of life indicators such as the tumor markers CEA and CY211.In addition,symptoms related to TCM syndrome,including coughing,fatigue,palpitations,and diarrhea were significantly reduced compared to the baseline levels.Moreover,the treatment group exhibited superior outcomes compared to those of the control group in terms of reducing immune-associated pneumonia and diarrhea(P<0.05).The ORR for both groups was similar;36%for those receiving com-bination therapy vs.25%for those receiving PD-1 monotherapy.Therefore,no significant differences between these two groups were ob-served(P>0.05).Conclusions:The combination of Fried Licorice Decoction Plus-minus and PD-1 in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC showed a significant enhancement in immune function,improvement in clinical efficacy,reduction in immune-related adverse reac-tions,and had an excellent safety profile.

Accurate segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues from cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)images can significantly accelerate treatment planning and improve surgical accuracy.In this paper,we propose a fully automated tissue segmentation system for dental implant surgery.Specifically,we propose an image preprocessing method based on data distribution histograms,which can adaptively process CBCT images with different parameters.Based on this,we use the bone segmentation network to obtain the segmentation results of alveolar bone,teeth,and maxillary sinus.We use the tooth and mandibular regions as the ROI regions of tooth segmentation and mandibular nerve tube segmentation to achieve the corresponding tasks.The tooth segmentation results can obtain the order information of the dentition.The corresponding experimental results show that our method can achieve higher segmentation accuracy and efficiency compared to existing methods.Its average Dice scores on the tooth,alveolar bone,maxillary sinus,and mandibular canal segmentation tasks were 96.5%,95.4%,93.6%,and 94.8%,respectively.These results demonstrate that it can accelerate the development of digital dentistry.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC)is the most aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis.The pathogenesis of ATC is complex,and there is no effective treatment at present.In recent years,with the deep understanding of the genetic(such as BRAF V600E,TP53,TERT,PIK3CA mutations,etc.)and epigenetic(such as histone methylation,histone deacetylation,microRNA regulatory pathways,etc.)changes driving ATC,molecular targeted therapy has brought new hope to ATC patients.This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of ATC and the latest achievements in targeted therapy and other therapies.

Objective:To construct a clinical training target system for masters of nursing specialist (MNS) , so as to provides references for clinical training of masters of nursing specialist in China.Methods:The index system was preliminarily constructed by literature review, semi-structured interview and preliminary investigation. The convenient sampling method was used to select 20 experts from Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other regions from August to October 2020 to conduct two rounds of expert letter consultation, revise and improve the indicators and establish the clinical training target system for masters of nursing specialist.Results:The valid recovery rates of the two rounds of expert letter consultation questionnaire were both 100.00% (20/20) , and the expert authority coefficient was 0.93. The Kendall's coordination coefficient of total index of the first and second rounds of expert letter consultation questionnaire was 0.461 and 0.317, respectively ( P<0.01) . Finally, the clinical training objective system for masters of nursing specialist included 3 first-level indicators (quality objectives, knowledge objectives and skills objectives) , 6 second-level indicators and 27 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The clinical training target system for master of nursing specialist established in this study is scientific, credible, comprehensive and practical, which can provide a reference for the clinical training of masters of nursing specialist in China.

Objective:To investigate the value of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEPs) combined with cochlear electrogram (ECochG) monitoring in the protection of auditory function during microvascular decompression (MVD) for patients with facial spasm (HFS).Methods:Clinical data of 908 patients with HFS who received MVD treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into BAEPs group ( n=309), ECochG group ( n=301) and BAEPs+ECochG group ( n=298) according to the different methods of auditory nerve function monitoring. Waveform extraction rate, mean extraction time, amplitude, latency, intraoperative warning effect of 3 monitoring methods, as well as hearing status immediately after surgery and during follow-up were compared in patents from the 3 groups. Results:(1) The overall waveform extraction rate in ECochG group and BAEPs+ECochG group was significantly higher than that in BAEPs group, and the average waveform extraction time in ECochG group and BAEPs+ECochG group was significantly shorter than that in BAEPs group ( P<0.05). The amplitude of compound action potential (CAP) wave in ECochG group was significantly higher than that of V wave in BAEPs group, and the latency of CAP wave was also significantly earlier than that of V wave ( P< 0.05). (2) A total of 48 patients of the 288 patients in the BAEPs group showed warning signs; a total of 73 of the 292 patients in the ECochG group showed warning signs; and a total of 65 of the 292 patients in the BAEPs+ECochG group showed warning signs. (3) There was significant difference in hearing grading (American Association of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery [AAO-HNS] grading) among the 3 groups immediately after surgery ( H=18.041, P=0.000), and the average rank suggested that the hearing of patients in the BAEPs+ECochG group was superior to the other two groups. All patients were followed up for an average of 15 months (ranged 3-24 months); there was still a significant difference in AAO-HNS grading among the 3 groups ( H=29.625, P=0.000), and the hearing of patients in the BAEPs+ECochG group was still superior to the other two groups. Conclusion:The combined application of ECochG and BAEPs monitoring can reflect the changes of intraoperative hearing impairment comprehensively, accurately and timely, which is of great significance for the protection of auditory function in HFS patients during MVD.

In this paper, we reviewed the long history of the use of modern fresh Chinese Medicine (FCM) and summarized the development of fresh Chinese Medicine preparation (MFCMP) in recent years. Combined with domestic and foreign examples, the characteristics the technology and preparations of MFCMP are explained. Meanwhile, as for the development of FCM and MFCMPs, the problems faced and feasible solutions are put forward. Finally, based on China.s national conditions, the development trend of MFCMPs is prospected.

Two non-destructive instrumental methods, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were studied for quality evaluation of Lobelia chinensis Lour. (L. chinensis). We obtained the IR spectra and XRD patterns of L. chinensis collected from different sources. The similarity of samples was analyzed by cal-culating the cosine coefficient. The cosine values were in the range of 0.83–0.90, indicating that the main components of L. chinensis samples are similar. Sample L1 and L6 showed a slightly lower similarity than that of L2, L3, L4, L5 detected by the two methods, which revealed that IR and XRD methods exhibited analogous detection ability for quality evaluation of L. chinensis. The two methods could be highly re-commended as simple and rapid detection means for quality evaluation of L. chinensis.