There is a large gap between production and demand of plant oil in China, which leads to the heavy reliance on imports. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) are two key enzymes responsible for the synthesis of triacylglycerol, thereby affecting the yield and quality of plant oil. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress in DGAT and PDAT in terms of their biological functions in plant oil synthesis, the molecular mechanisms of regulating plant lipid metabolism, growth, and development under stress, and their roles in driving oil synthesis under the background of synthetic biology. Furthermore, future research and application of DGAT and PDAT are prospected. This review aims to provide a basis for deeply understanding the molecular mechanism of plant oil synthesis and improving the quality and productivity of oil crops by the utilization of DGAT and PDAT genes.
Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/physiology* ; Plant Oils/metabolism* ; Acyltransferases/metabolism* ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Triglycerides/biosynthesis*

Objective To investigate the food allergy situation of children in Changping District of Beijing,and to explore the influence of allergic family history,gender and mode of delivery on food allergy in children,the distribution of food allergy in different age groups,the types of food allergy that are easy to cause in this area,and the comorbidities of food allergy.Methods A total of 515 children aged 0 to 14 years who were admitted to the general pediatric outpatient and emergency department and inpatient of Beijing Changping Hospital from April to November 2023.Using immunoblotting to detect specific immunoglobulin E in the serum of pediatric patients,and using SPSS 26.0 statistical software to perform binomial tests on gender and delivery mode non parameters;Using custom Excel functions to statistically analyze the family history of allergies,the number of people in different age groups,and the frequency of allergic foods in each group;Use a self-made mini program to statistically analyze the combination of comorbid allergic diseases.Results ① The number of male children with food allergies(306 cases)was higher than that of female children(209 cases),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)There were 109 cases of pediatric patients with parents who had no history of allergic diseases,accounting for 21.17％of the total cases;There were a total of 406 cases where at least one parent had a family history of allergies,accounting for 78.83％of the total cases.Among them,228 cases(44.27％)had one parent with a history of allergies,and 178 cases(34.56％)had both parents with a history of allergies.③ Among 515 children with positive food allergens,there were 10 cases(1.94％)in infancy,37 cases(7.19％)in early childhood,235 cases(45.63％)in preschool,192 cases(37.28％)in school age,and 41 cases(7.96％)in adolescence.The highest positivity rate for food allergens is in milk(444 times),followed by egg white(70 times),cashew nuts(57 times),crab(37 times),beef(26 times),mango(24 times),shrimp(21 times),pineapple(6 times),and shellfish(1 time).Milk protein is the most common allergen in all age groups.(4)Among 515 children with food allergies,399 cases were single food allergies,accounting for 77.47％;116 cases of multiple food allergies(2 or more types of food allergies),accounting for 22.53％.⑤ The most common comorbidity of food allergies is food allergy related gastrointestinal diseases combined with allergic rhinitis,with a total of 267 cases;Secondly,there were 192 cases of allergic rhinitis combined with chronic cough,and 124 cases of food allergy related gastrointestinal diseases combined with chronic cough.Conclusion Milk is the main allergen of food allergy in people of age 14 and under,and gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common in children with food allergy.

BACKGROUNDAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an uncommon complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) which has only been reported in a few cases. We here aimed to explore its mechanism.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 296 patients who underwent allo-HSCT in our center from July 2010 to July 2012. Clinical manifestations were carefully reviewed and the response to currently available treatment approaches were evaluated. The survival and risk factors of AIHA patients after allo-HSCT were further analyzed.

RESULTSTwelve patients were diagnosed with AIHA at a median time of 100 days (15-720 days) after allo-HSCT. The incidence of AIHA after allo-HSCT was 4.1%. IgG antibody were detected in ten patients and IgM antibody in two patients. The two cold antibody AIHA patients had a better response to steroid corticoid only treatment and the ten warm antibody AIHA patients responded to corticosteroid treatment and adjustment of immunosuppressant therapy. Rituximab was shown to be effective for AIHA patients who failed conventional therapy. Survival analysis showed that the combination of AIHA in allo-HSCT patients hinted at poor survival. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch seemed to increase the risk of developing AIHA.

CONCLUSIONSPatients who develop AIHA after allo-HSCT have poor survival compared to non-AIHA patients. Possible risk factors of AIHA are CMV infection, GVHD, and HLA mismatch. Rituximab is likely to be the effective treatment choice for the refractory patients.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Transplantation, Homologous ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the worldwide advances on bacterial quantitative proteomics over the past fifteen years with bibliometric approach.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted throughout the databases of Pubmed,Embase and Science citation index (SCI),using bacterium and quantitative proteomics as the key words.The deadline is July 2013.We sorted and analyzed these articles with Endnote X6 from the aspects of published year,the first author,name of journal,published institution,cited frequency and publication type.Results 932 English articles were included in our research after deleting the duplicates.The first article on bacterial quantitative proteomics was reported in 1999.The maximal publications were 163 related articles in 2012.Up till July 2013,authors from more than 23 countries and regions have published articles in this field.China ranks the fourth.The main publication type is original articles.The most frequently cited article is entitled with Absolute quantification of proteins by LCMSE:a virtue of parallel MS acquisition by Silva JC,Gorenstein MV,Li GZ,et al in Mol Cell Proteomics 2006.The most productive author is Smith RD from Biological Sciences Division,Pac.Northwest National Laboratory.The top journal publishing bacterial quantitative proteomics is Proteomics.Conclusion More and more researchers pay attention to quantitative proteomics which will be widely used in bacteriology.

BACKGROUNDErtapenem has been demonstrated to be highly effective for the treatment of complicated infections. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ertapenem with ceftriaxone.

METHODSWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of ertapenem with ceftriaxone for the treatment of complicated infections including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs), and complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0.

RESULTSEight RCTs, involving 2 883 patients, were included in our meta-analysis. Ertapenem was associated with similar clinical treatment success with ceftriaxone for complicated infections (1 326 patients, fixed-effect model, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.75-1.71). There was no difference between the compared treatment groups with regard to the microbiological treatment success, and no difference was found with regard to the incidence of clinical and laboratory drug-related adverse events between ertapenem and ceftriaxone groups. As to local tolerability, overall, there was no difference between the compared groups; however, in the subgroup analysis, local reaction was significantly less in the ertapenem subgroup than the ceftriaxone plus ceftriaxone subgroup.

CONCLUSIONSErtapenem can be used as effectively and safely as ceftriaxone for the treatment of complicated infections. It is an appealing option for the treatment of these complicated infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Ceftriaxone ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intraabdominal Infections ; drug therapy ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; beta-Lactams ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE To establish a rat model of pulmonary infection by inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and evaluate it.METHODS Two hundred SD rats were divided into 2 groups: the P.aeruginosa group and the control group,P.aeruginosa was embedded in minute seaweed alginate beads by an ejection set with an acuminate hole.Then the beads were inoculated into the rats′ lung through tracheal intubation.RESULTS The bacteriological values: P.aeruginosa was detected from rats of infected groups.Bacterial number was higher than 105CFU/g 3 and 7 days after infection and higher than 103CFU/g 14 and 28 days after infection.The pathological changes showed: 3 and 7 days after infection,lung abscess,edema,and consolidation could be seen from lungs of infected groups.At optical microscopy,alginateP.aeruginosa caused a pronounced inflammatory reaction with polymorphonuclear cells surrounding a bead.Fourteen and 28 days after infection,fibrinous adhesions and granulomas became the major pathological changes.CONCLUSIONS The animal model of pulmonary infection can be established by inoculating P.aeruginosa embedded in minute seaweed alginate beads made by an ejection set with an acuminate hole to SD rats.

OBJECTIVE To study the treatment effect of macrolides on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation.METHODS Two strains of H.influenzae were isolated from sputum specimens from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.Formation of bacterial biofilm was examined by crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscope.The biofilms were measured under varying concentrations of macrolides in vitro.RESULTS Biofilm synthesis was observed at subMIC and became thicker in roxithromycin and erythromycin at 1/8 MIC,Disruption of mature biofilms could be achieved at relatively higher concentration,Azithromycin displayed more powerful activity.CONCLUSIONS H.influenzae is capable to form biofilm in vitro,especially in subconcentration.Sufficient antibiotics dosage might affact early formation of biofilms.Azithromycin exerts better effects on biofilm formation than other macrolides.

OBJECTIVE To determine the activity of moxifloxacin on bacterial biofilms formed by Haemophilus influenzae in vitro.METHODS Formation of bacterial biofilm was examined by crystal violet assay,viable cells counting in biofilms was also carried out.Alterations of biofilms were measured under varying concentrations of moxifloxacin.RESULTS Optical density values of biofilms were significantly decreased at the concentrations higher than 4 mg/L of moxifloxacin.The similar results were obtained for viable cell counting.Bacteria in biofilms were eliminated partly or completely at concentrations higher than 0.25 mg/L.CONCLUSIONS Moxifloxacin is able to destroy the biofilms and reduce viable cells counting at high concentrations.

0.05);the bacterial sensitive rates of amoxicillin/(sulbactam),(amoxicillin)/clavulanate,amoxicillin,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefotaxime were 88.42%,86.78%,57.02%,(86.78%) and 85.95%,respectively;the antibacterial potency of amoxicillin/sulbactam was higher than(amoxicillin)/clavulanate that of from the results of MIC_(90).CONCLUSIONS Amoxicillin/sulbactam has good (bacteriological) efficacy.

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy