This study compared and evaluated the color change and fracture resistance of reattached tooth fragments stored in different media after trauma. Sixty extracted permanent incisors were examined. Tap water, saline solution, milk, artificial saliva, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium and phosphate (CPP-ACP) were used as storage media. The control group used no storage media. Color changes were calculated using CIE L*a*b* values measured by a spectrophotometer at seven time points: just before reproducing the tooth fracture (T0); after drying the fractured crown for 24 hours following fracture (T1); immediately after rehydration in the storage medium for 20 minutes (T2); and 12 hours (T3), 24 hours (T4), 1 week (T5), and 3 weeks (T6) after reattaching the fractured crown. Fracture resistance was uniformly measured 3 weeks after reattachment. The results showed that the CPPACP group showed significantly more effective color recovery than the other storage media groups, with the color returning to natural levels by T2. Color recovery was observed in all groups at T6. Fracture resistance did not differ significantly between the six groups. No significant difference was observed between the storage media regarding color recovery and fracture resistance three weeks after reattachment.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Korean version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in hospital settings and to identify items sensitive for detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trait. Methods: The Q-CHAT was administered to a clinical sample of children presenting with developmental delays with a high probability of ASD in a hospital setting (n=37), as well as to typically developing community children (n=67), aged 12 to 54 months. Results: The mean Q-CHAT total score in the hospital sample (42.0±13.6) was significantly higher than in the community sample (29.9±7.8), with maximized sensitivity and adequate specificity at 32.5 (sensitivity=0.811, specificity=0.687). The internal consistency of Q-CHAT was 0.764 for the overall sample and 0.825 for the hospital sample. Q-CHAT total scores and item scores in the hospital sample remained stable across age groups, indicating age-invariant properties. The hospital sample showed higher endorsement of less favorable development in social interaction and reciprocity items compared to community sample. No difference in the Q-CHAT item scores was present among age groups in the hospital samples. In the community samples, item scores, such as comprehending a child’s speech, using the hand of others as a tool, adapting to a change in routine, repeating the same action, and making unusual finger movements, decreased with the advance of age. Conclusion The Korean version of the Q-CHAT demonstrates good validity and reliability and is effective in discriminating autistic traits even in children older than 24 months. The items endorsed for hospital samples varied from community samples, implying item-specific sensitivity for hospital samples.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Korean version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in hospital settings and to identify items sensitive for detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trait. Methods: The Q-CHAT was administered to a clinical sample of children presenting with developmental delays with a high probability of ASD in a hospital setting (n=37), as well as to typically developing community children (n=67), aged 12 to 54 months. Results: The mean Q-CHAT total score in the hospital sample (42.0±13.6) was significantly higher than in the community sample (29.9±7.8), with maximized sensitivity and adequate specificity at 32.5 (sensitivity=0.811, specificity=0.687). The internal consistency of Q-CHAT was 0.764 for the overall sample and 0.825 for the hospital sample. Q-CHAT total scores and item scores in the hospital sample remained stable across age groups, indicating age-invariant properties. The hospital sample showed higher endorsement of less favorable development in social interaction and reciprocity items compared to community sample. No difference in the Q-CHAT item scores was present among age groups in the hospital samples. In the community samples, item scores, such as comprehending a child’s speech, using the hand of others as a tool, adapting to a change in routine, repeating the same action, and making unusual finger movements, decreased with the advance of age. Conclusion The Korean version of the Q-CHAT demonstrates good validity and reliability and is effective in discriminating autistic traits even in children older than 24 months. The items endorsed for hospital samples varied from community samples, implying item-specific sensitivity for hospital samples.

This study compared and evaluated the color change and fracture resistance of reattached tooth fragments stored in different media after trauma. Sixty extracted permanent incisors were examined. Tap water, saline solution, milk, artificial saliva, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium and phosphate (CPP-ACP) were used as storage media. The control group used no storage media. Color changes were calculated using CIE L*a*b* values measured by a spectrophotometer at seven time points: just before reproducing the tooth fracture (T0); after drying the fractured crown for 24 hours following fracture (T1); immediately after rehydration in the storage medium for 20 minutes (T2); and 12 hours (T3), 24 hours (T4), 1 week (T5), and 3 weeks (T6) after reattaching the fractured crown. Fracture resistance was uniformly measured 3 weeks after reattachment. The results showed that the CPPACP group showed significantly more effective color recovery than the other storage media groups, with the color returning to natural levels by T2. Color recovery was observed in all groups at T6. Fracture resistance did not differ significantly between the six groups. No significant difference was observed between the storage media regarding color recovery and fracture resistance three weeks after reattachment.

This study compared and evaluated the color change and fracture resistance of reattached tooth fragments stored in different media after trauma. Sixty extracted permanent incisors were examined. Tap water, saline solution, milk, artificial saliva, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium and phosphate (CPP-ACP) were used as storage media. The control group used no storage media. Color changes were calculated using CIE L*a*b* values measured by a spectrophotometer at seven time points: just before reproducing the tooth fracture (T0); after drying the fractured crown for 24 hours following fracture (T1); immediately after rehydration in the storage medium for 20 minutes (T2); and 12 hours (T3), 24 hours (T4), 1 week (T5), and 3 weeks (T6) after reattaching the fractured crown. Fracture resistance was uniformly measured 3 weeks after reattachment. The results showed that the CPPACP group showed significantly more effective color recovery than the other storage media groups, with the color returning to natural levels by T2. Color recovery was observed in all groups at T6. Fracture resistance did not differ significantly between the six groups. No significant difference was observed between the storage media regarding color recovery and fracture resistance three weeks after reattachment.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Korean version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in hospital settings and to identify items sensitive for detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trait. Methods: The Q-CHAT was administered to a clinical sample of children presenting with developmental delays with a high probability of ASD in a hospital setting (n=37), as well as to typically developing community children (n=67), aged 12 to 54 months. Results: The mean Q-CHAT total score in the hospital sample (42.0±13.6) was significantly higher than in the community sample (29.9±7.8), with maximized sensitivity and adequate specificity at 32.5 (sensitivity=0.811, specificity=0.687). The internal consistency of Q-CHAT was 0.764 for the overall sample and 0.825 for the hospital sample. Q-CHAT total scores and item scores in the hospital sample remained stable across age groups, indicating age-invariant properties. The hospital sample showed higher endorsement of less favorable development in social interaction and reciprocity items compared to community sample. No difference in the Q-CHAT item scores was present among age groups in the hospital samples. In the community samples, item scores, such as comprehending a child’s speech, using the hand of others as a tool, adapting to a change in routine, repeating the same action, and making unusual finger movements, decreased with the advance of age. Conclusion The Korean version of the Q-CHAT demonstrates good validity and reliability and is effective in discriminating autistic traits even in children older than 24 months. The items endorsed for hospital samples varied from community samples, implying item-specific sensitivity for hospital samples.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Korean version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in hospital settings and to identify items sensitive for detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trait. Methods: The Q-CHAT was administered to a clinical sample of children presenting with developmental delays with a high probability of ASD in a hospital setting (n=37), as well as to typically developing community children (n=67), aged 12 to 54 months. Results: The mean Q-CHAT total score in the hospital sample (42.0±13.6) was significantly higher than in the community sample (29.9±7.8), with maximized sensitivity and adequate specificity at 32.5 (sensitivity=0.811, specificity=0.687). The internal consistency of Q-CHAT was 0.764 for the overall sample and 0.825 for the hospital sample. Q-CHAT total scores and item scores in the hospital sample remained stable across age groups, indicating age-invariant properties. The hospital sample showed higher endorsement of less favorable development in social interaction and reciprocity items compared to community sample. No difference in the Q-CHAT item scores was present among age groups in the hospital samples. In the community samples, item scores, such as comprehending a child’s speech, using the hand of others as a tool, adapting to a change in routine, repeating the same action, and making unusual finger movements, decreased with the advance of age. Conclusion The Korean version of the Q-CHAT demonstrates good validity and reliability and is effective in discriminating autistic traits even in children older than 24 months. The items endorsed for hospital samples varied from community samples, implying item-specific sensitivity for hospital samples.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Korean version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in hospital settings and to identify items sensitive for detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) trait. Methods: The Q-CHAT was administered to a clinical sample of children presenting with developmental delays with a high probability of ASD in a hospital setting (n=37), as well as to typically developing community children (n=67), aged 12 to 54 months. Results: The mean Q-CHAT total score in the hospital sample (42.0±13.6) was significantly higher than in the community sample (29.9±7.8), with maximized sensitivity and adequate specificity at 32.5 (sensitivity=0.811, specificity=0.687). The internal consistency of Q-CHAT was 0.764 for the overall sample and 0.825 for the hospital sample. Q-CHAT total scores and item scores in the hospital sample remained stable across age groups, indicating age-invariant properties. The hospital sample showed higher endorsement of less favorable development in social interaction and reciprocity items compared to community sample. No difference in the Q-CHAT item scores was present among age groups in the hospital samples. In the community samples, item scores, such as comprehending a child’s speech, using the hand of others as a tool, adapting to a change in routine, repeating the same action, and making unusual finger movements, decreased with the advance of age. Conclusion The Korean version of the Q-CHAT demonstrates good validity and reliability and is effective in discriminating autistic traits even in children older than 24 months. The items endorsed for hospital samples varied from community samples, implying item-specific sensitivity for hospital samples.

Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies.This study aimed to comprehensively analyze patients diagnosed with PTCLs in Korea, evaluating treatment outcomes, including transplantation and long-term survival.Patients and methods In this retrospective study, clinical data from the National Health Insurance Service on patients with PTCL were investigated. Most patients diagnosed with mature T-cell lymphomas and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas between January 2005 and December 2022 in Korea were included. Incidence rates of each subtype and survival outcomes of both treated and untreated patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 12,573 patients were analyzed. PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma were the most frequently diagnosed, followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Compared to the general population, the relative survival rate was highest in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. With a median follow-up of 6.7 years, the 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates among treated patients were 44.0% and 39.5%, while the overall survival (OS) rates were 48.6% and 43.5%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that patients who added etoposide to the CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimen showed improved PFS and OS. In addition, autologous stem cell transplantation significantly improved PFS and OS, particularly in the PTCL-NOS and AITL subtypes. Conclusion Patients who received etoposide-containing CHOP-based regimens had improved treatment outcomes.The survival benefits of consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) were evident in PTCL-NOS and AITL.

Objectives: Obesity is increasingly recognized not merely as excess body weight, but as a chronic condition involving metabolic dysregulation and neurobiological vulnerability. In particular, altered brain responsiveness to sensory food cues has emerged as a key mechanism underlying the development and persistence of obesity. Recent neuropsychiatric perspectives emphasize dysfunctions in reward circuits and addictive-like eating behaviors. This review aims to comprehensively synthesize task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to examine brain responsivity in individuals with obesity or at high risk of weight gain. Methods: We systematically reviewed 30 task-based fMRI studies using olfactory and/or gustatory cues. Studies were categorized by stimulus type, participant group, and experimental condition to compare neural responses. Results: Across studies, key patterns included hyperactivation of reward circuits in response to high-calorie stimuli, impaired modulation of neural activity across hunger and satiety states, and exaggerated or blunted affective and motivational responses to sensory stimuli. These neural differences appeared to interact with metabolic condition, physiological state, emotional traits, and genetic predispositions, suggesting their potential utility as neurobiological markers of obesity-related eating behaviors. Conclusions This review underscores the relevance of sensory-driven paradigms—beyond traditional visually cued tasks—in capturing the neural basis of maladaptive eating. By elucidating the links between sensory processing and neural reward circuits, this review highlights the utility of olfactory and gustatory fMRI paradigms in refining our understanding of obesity. These insights may contribute to early identification of high-risk individuals and inform the development of neurobiologically informed, personalized intervention strategies.