1.Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Neck CT at Nine University Hospitals in South Korea
Jisun HWANG ; Hee Mang YOON ; Jae-Yeon HWANG ; Young Hun CHOI ; Yun Young LEE ; So Mi LEE ; Young Jin RYU ; Sun Kyoung YOU ; Ji Eun PARK ; Seok Kee LEE
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(1):65-74
Objective:
To establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for pediatric neck CT based on age, weight, and water-equivalent diameter (WED) across multiple university hospitals in South Korea.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed pediatric neck CT examinations from nine university hospitals, involving patients aged 0–18 years. Data were categorized by age, weight, and WED, and radiation dose metrics, including volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product, were recorded. Data retrieval and analysis were conducted using a commercially available dose-management system (Radimetrics, Bayer Healthcare). Local DRLs were established following the International Commission on Radiological Protection guidelines, using the 75th percentile as the reference value.
Results:
A total of 1159 CT examinations were analyzed, including 169 scans from Institution 1, 132 from Institution 2, 126 from Institution 3, 129 from Institution 4, 128 from Institution 5, 105 from Institution 6, 162 from Institution 7, 127 from Institution 8, and 81 from Institution 9. Radiation dose metrics increased with age, weight, and WED, showing significant variability both within and across institutions. For patients weighing less than 10 kg, the DRL for CTDIvol was 5.2 mGy. In the 10–19 kg group, the DRL was 5.8 mGy; in the 20–39 kg group, 7.6 mGy; in the 40–59 kg group, 11.0 mGy; and for patients weighing 60 kg or more, 16.2 mGy. DRLs for CTDIvol by age groups were as follows: 5.3 mGy for infants under 1 year, 5.7 mGy for children aged 1–4 years, 7.6 mGy for ages 5–9 years, 11.2 mGy for ages 10–14 years, and 15.6 mGy for patients 15 years or older.
Conclusion
Local DRLs for pediatric neck CT were established based on age, weight, and WED across nine university hospitals in South Korea.
2.Ultrafast MRI for Pediatric Brain Assessment in Routine Clinical Practice
Hee Eun MOON ; Ji Young HA ; Jae Won CHOI ; Seung Hyun LEE ; Jae-Yeon HWANG ; Young Hun CHOI ; Jung-Eun CHEON ; Yeon Jin CHO
Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(1):75-87
Objective:
To assess the feasibility of ultrafast brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 194 pediatric patients aged 0 to 19 years (median 10.2 years) who underwent both ultrafast and conventional brain MRI between May 2019 and August 2020. Ultrafast MRI sequences included T1 and T2-weighted images (T1WI and T2WI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2*-weighted image (T2*WI), and diffusion-weighted image (DWI). Qualitative image quality and lesion evaluations were conducted on 5-point Likert scales by two blinded radiologists, with quantitative assessment of lesion count and size on T1WI, T2WI, and FLAIR sequences for each protocol. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses were used for comparison.
Results:
The total scan times for equivalent image contrasts were 1 minute 44 seconds for ultrafast MRI and 15 minutes 30 seconds for conventional MRI. Overall, image quality was lower in ultrafast MRI than in conventional MRI, with mean quality scores ranging from 2.0 to 4.8 for ultrafast MRI and 4.8 to 5.0 for conventional MRI across sequences (P < 0.001 for T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, and T2*WI for both readers; P = 0.018 [reader 1] and 0.031 [reader 2] for DWI). Lesion detection rates on ultrafast MRI relative to conventional MRI were as follows: T1WI, 97.1%; T2WI, 99.6%; FLAIR, 92.9%; T2*WI, 74.1%; and DWI, 100%. The ICC (95% confidence interval) for lesion size measurements between ultrafast and conventional MRI was as follows: T1WI, 0.998 (0.996–0.999); T2WI, 0.998 (0.997–0.999); and FLAIR, 0.99 (0.985–0.994).
Conclusion
Ultrafast MRI significantly reduces scan time and provides acceptable results, albeit with slightly lower image quality than conventional MRI, for evaluating intracranial abnormalities in pediatric patients.
3.Erratum: Induction of apoptotic cell death in human bladder cancer cells by ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaf, through ROSdependent inactivation of the PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway
Cheol PARK ; Eun Ok CHOI ; Hyun HWANGBO ; Hyesook LEE ; Jin-Woo JEONG ; Min Ho HAN ; Sung-Kwon MOON ; Seok Joong YUN ; Wun-Jae KIM ; Gi-Young KIM ; Hye-Jin HWANG ; Yung Hyun CHOI
Nutrition Research and Practice 2025;19(2):328-330
4.Effect of Wearing Phospholipid-releasing Contact Lenses on Dry Eyes in Rabbits
Hyeon Jung KIM ; Sehie PARK ; Yun Kyoung RYU ; Jin Sun HWANG ; Sun Hee OH ; Jae Hwi LEE ; Gui Bae KIM ; Young Joo SHIN
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2025;66(4):181-190
Purpose:
To investigate whether a new phospholipid-releasing soft contact lens can improve symptoms of dry eyes.
Methods:
The study used 2.5-3.0 kg New Zealand rabbits including both normal non-dry eye rabbits and dry eye rabbits, the latter having undergone electrocauterization of the meibomian glands to block the gland orifices. Each rabbit wore a control contact lens on one eye and a phospholipid-releasing contact lens on the other eye daily. Phospholipid-releasing and control contact lenses were provided by NEOVISION Co., Ltd. The parameters assessed included tear film break-up time, tear osmolarity, ocular surface staining, and central corneal thickness. After the experiment, the rabbits were euthanized and their conjunctival tissue was stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) to observe conjunctival goblet cells.
Results:
In both dry eye and normal non-dry eye rabbits, tear film break-up time was longer and tear osmolarity was lower when using the phospholipid-releasing contact lens compared to the control contact lens. The ocular surface remained unstained in normal non-dry eye rabbits while staining was observed in dry eye rabbits. There was no significant difference in central corneal thickness between the control and phospholipid-releasing contact lenses in either group. PAS staining showed no difference in conjunctival goblet cell density between the two lens types in normal non-dry eye rabbits. However, in dry eye rabbits, the conjunctival goblet cell density tended to be slightly higher with the phospholipid-releasing contact lens compared to the control lens.
Conclusions
Phospholipid-releasing contact lenses may help reduce dry eye symptoms and minimize contact lens-related complications by stabilizing the tear film and lowering tear osmolarity.
5.Study on the Necessity and Methodology for Enhancing Outpatient and Clinical Education in the Department of Radiology
Soo Buem CHO ; Jiwoon SEO ; Young Hwan KIM ; You Me KIM ; Dong Gyu NA ; Jieun ROH ; Kyung-Hyun DO ; Jung Hwan BAEK ; Hye Shin AHN ; Min Woo LEE ; Seunghyun LEE ; Seung Eun JUNG ; Woo Kyoung JEONG ; Hye Doo JEONG ; Bum Sang CHO ; Hwan Jun JAE ; Seon Hyeong CHOI ; Saebeom HUR ; Su Jin HONG ; Sung Il HWANG ; Auh Whan PARK ; Ji-hoon KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 2025;86(1):199-200
6.Higher Physical Activity is Associated with Reduced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Korean Men
Seo Eun HWANG ; Jae Moon YUN ; Su Hwan CHO ; Kyungha MIN ; Ji Young KIM ; Hyuktae KWON ; Jin Ho PARK
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(1):166-173
Purpose:
Identifying and managing risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is crucial because it impacts the quality of life of elderly individuals. Lifestyle factors, including physical activity (PA), and their relationship with LUTS have not been well studied. This objective of this study was to investigate the association between PA and LUTS.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 7,296 men were included in this cross-sectional study. PA was quantified in metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week, and LUTS severity was assessed using the international prostate symptom score. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between PA and LUTS, including voiding and storage symptoms.
Results:
The average age of the participants was 57.8 years, and the prevalence of LUTS was 41.3%. After adjusting for potential confounders, PA was inversely associated with the prevalence and severity of moderate-to-severe LUTS, showing a dose-response pattern (all p for trend <0.01). Compared to the minimal activity group, which engaged in <5 MET-hours per week of PA, the odds ratios for moderate to severe LUTS were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.97) for men engaging in 15–30 MET-hours per week, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.95) for 30–60 MET-hours per week, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.62–0.84) for ≥60 MET-hours per week. The possible protective effect of PA was still observed in the additional analysis for voiding and storage symptoms showing the same dose-response pattern (all p for trend <0.01).
Conclusions
A higher PA level was associated with a lower prevalence and severity of total, voiding, and storage LUTS in a dose-dependent manner in Korean men.
7.Effects of dental implant surface treated with sandblasting large grit acid-etching and femtosecond laser on implant stability, marginal bone volume, and histological results in a rabbit model
Young-Tak SON ; KeunBaDa SON ; Hoseong CHO ; Jae-Mok LEE ; Sm Abu SALEAH ; JunHo HWANG ; JongHoon LEE ; HyunDeok KIM ; Myoung-Uk JIN ; Jeehyun KIM ; Mansik JEON ; Kyu-Bok LEE
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics 2025;17(2):101-114
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to compare the surface characteristics and healing patterns after implantation of implants treated with SLA and those treated with both SLA and femtosecond laser.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 10 male New Zealand white rabbits were used to compare recovery levels between implants treated with SLA (SLA group) and those treated with both SLA and femtosecond laser (SF group). The implants’ surface characteristics were determined through topographic evaluation, element analysis, surface roughness, and wettability evaluation. In total, 4 implants were placed in each rabbit (2 in each tibia), with 20 implants per treatment group. Using the implant stability quotient (ISQ), marginal bone volume, and histological analysis (bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV)), and post implantation outcomes were assessed. Outcome data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).
RESULTS:
No significant differences were noted between SLA and SF groups in terms of ISQ, marginal bone volume, BIC, and BV/TV (P > .05). However, significant differences in ISQ were observed within each group over time (P < .05). Furthermore, significant differences were noted in the marginal bone volume of the SF group (P < .05) and the BV/TV of the SLA group between weeks 4 and 6 (P < .05).
CONCLUSION
Surface treatment via SLA and femtosecond laser is feasible compared with SLA treatment alone in terms of ISQ, marginal bone volume, BIC, and BV/TV. However, further clinical research is warranted.
8.Higher Physical Activity is Associated with Reduced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Korean Men
Seo Eun HWANG ; Jae Moon YUN ; Su Hwan CHO ; Kyungha MIN ; Ji Young KIM ; Hyuktae KWON ; Jin Ho PARK
The World Journal of Men's Health 2025;43(1):166-173
Purpose:
Identifying and managing risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is crucial because it impacts the quality of life of elderly individuals. Lifestyle factors, including physical activity (PA), and their relationship with LUTS have not been well studied. This objective of this study was to investigate the association between PA and LUTS.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 7,296 men were included in this cross-sectional study. PA was quantified in metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week, and LUTS severity was assessed using the international prostate symptom score. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between PA and LUTS, including voiding and storage symptoms.
Results:
The average age of the participants was 57.8 years, and the prevalence of LUTS was 41.3%. After adjusting for potential confounders, PA was inversely associated with the prevalence and severity of moderate-to-severe LUTS, showing a dose-response pattern (all p for trend <0.01). Compared to the minimal activity group, which engaged in <5 MET-hours per week of PA, the odds ratios for moderate to severe LUTS were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.97) for men engaging in 15–30 MET-hours per week, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.95) for 30–60 MET-hours per week, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.62–0.84) for ≥60 MET-hours per week. The possible protective effect of PA was still observed in the additional analysis for voiding and storage symptoms showing the same dose-response pattern (all p for trend <0.01).
Conclusions
A higher PA level was associated with a lower prevalence and severity of total, voiding, and storage LUTS in a dose-dependent manner in Korean men.
9.Early Administration of Nelonemdaz May Improve the Stroke Outcomes in Patients With Acute Stroke
Jin Soo LEE ; Ji Sung LEE ; Seong Hwan AHN ; Hyun Goo KANG ; Tae-Jin SONG ; Dong-Ick SHIN ; Hee-Joon BAE ; Chang Hun KIM ; Sung Hyuk HEO ; Jae-Kwan CHA ; Yeong Bae LEE ; Eung Gyu KIM ; Man Seok PARK ; Hee-Kwon PARK ; Jinkwon KIM ; Sungwook YU ; Heejung MO ; Sung Il SOHN ; Jee Hyun KWON ; Jae Guk KIM ; Young Seo KIM ; Jay Chol CHOI ; Yang-Ha HWANG ; Keun Hwa JUNG ; Soo-Kyoung KIM ; Woo Keun SEO ; Jung Hwa SEO ; Joonsang YOO ; Jun Young CHANG ; Mooseok PARK ; Kyu Sun YUM ; Chun San AN ; Byoung Joo GWAG ; Dennis W. CHOI ; Ji Man HONG ; Sun U. KWON ;
Journal of Stroke 2025;27(2):279-283
10.Artificial Intelligence Models May Aid in Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with T1 Colorectal Cancer
Ji Eun BAEK ; Hahn YI ; Seung Wook HONG ; Subin SONG ; Ji Young LEE ; Sung Wook HWANG ; Sang Hyoung PARK ; Dong-Hoon YANG ; Byong Duk YE ; Seung-Jae MYUNG ; Suk-Kyun YANG ; Namkug KIM ; Jeong-Sik BYEON
Gut and Liver 2025;19(1):69-76
Background/Aims:
Inaccurate prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) may lead to unnecessary surgery following endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to validate the usefulness of artificial intelligence (AI) models for predicting LNM in patients with T1 CRC.
Methods:
We analyzed the clinical data, laboratory results, pathological reports, and endoscopic findings of patients who underwent radical surgery for T1 CRC. We developed AI models to predict LNM using four algorithms: regularized logistic regression classifier (RLRC), random forest classifier (RFC), CatBoost classifier (CBC), and the voting classifier (VC). Four histological factors and four endoscopic findings were included to develop AI models. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) were measured to distinguish AI model performance in accordance with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum guidelines.
Results:
Among 1,386 patients with T1 CRC, 173 patients (12.5%) had LNM. The AUROC values of the RLRC, RFC, CBC, and VC models for LNM prediction were significantly higher (0.673, 0.640, 0.679, and 0.677, respectively) than the 0.525 suggested in accordance with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum guidelines (vs RLRC, p<0.001; vs RFC, p=0.001; vs CBC, p<0.001; vs VC, p<0.001). The AUROC value was similar between T1 colon versus T1 rectal cancers (0.718 vs 0.615, p=0.700). The AUROC value was also similar between the initial endoscopic resection and initial surgery groups (0.581 vs 0.746, p=0.845).
Conclusions
AI models trained on the basis of endoscopic findings and pathological features performed well in predicting LNM in patients with T1 CRC regardless of tumor location and initial treatment method.

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