Background: The association between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes has yet to be determined in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate whether mildly reduced renal function is associated with the prognosis in patients with HCM. Methods: Patients with HCM were enrolled at two tertiary HCM centers. Patients who were on dialysis, or had a previous history of heart failure (HF) or stroke were excluded. Patients were categorized into 3 groups by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): stage I (eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 , n = 538), stage II (eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 , n = 953), and stage III–V (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , n = 265). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for HF (HHF), or stroke during median 4.0-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to adjust for covariates. Results: Among 1,756 HCM patients (mean 61.0 ± 13.4 years; 68.1% men), patients with stage III–V renal function had a significantly higher risk of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–5.27; P = 0.003), which was largely driven by increased incidence of cardiovascular death and HHF compared to those with stage I renal function. Even in patients with stage II renal function, the risk of MACE (vs. stage I: aHR, 2.21’ 95% CI, 1.23–3.96; P = 0.008) and HHF (vs. stage I: aHR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.23–5.58; P = 0.012) was significantly increased. Conclusion This real-world observation showed that even mildly reduced renal function (i.e., eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) in patients with HCM was associated with an increased risk of MACEs, especially for HHF.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a substantial public health challenge in South Korea as evidenced by 10,565 new cases annually (incidence rate of 30 per 100,000 individuals), in 2020. Cancer registries play a crucial role in gathering data on incidence, disease attributes, etiology, treatment modalities, outcomes, and informing health policies. The effectiveness of a registry depends on the completeness and accuracy of data. Established in 1999 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) is a comprehensive, legally mandated, nationwide registry that captures nearly all incidence and survival data for major cancers, including HCC, in Korea. However, detailed information on cancer staging, specific characteristics, and treatments is lacking. To address this gap, the KCCR, in partnership with the Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA), has implemented a systematic approach to collect detailed data on HCC since 2010. This involved random sampling of 10-15% of all new HCC cases diagnosed since 2003. The registry process encompassed four stages: random case selection, meticulous data extraction by trained personnel, expert validation, anonymization of personal data, and data dissemination for research purposes. This random sampling strategy mitigates the biases associated with voluntary reporting and aligns with stringent privacy regulations. This innovative approach positions the KCCR and KLCA as foundations for advancing cancer control and shaping health policies in South Korea.

Purpose: AGel amyloidosis is systemic amyloidosis caused by pathogenic variants in the GSN gene. In this study, we sought to characterize the clinical and brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) features of Korean patients with AGel amyloidosis. Materials and Methods: We examined 13 patients with AGel amyloidosis from three unrelated families. Brain MRIs were performed in eight patients and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Therein, we analyzed gray and white matter content using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and FreeSurfer. Results: The median age at examination was 73 (interquartile range: 64–76) years. The median age at onset of cutis laxa was 20 (interquartile range: 15–30) years. All patients over that age of 60 years had dysarthria, cutis laxa, dysphagia, and facial palsy. Two patients in their 30s had only mild cutis laxa. The median age at dysarthria onset was 66 (interquartile range: 63.5–70) years. Ophthalmoparesis was observed in three patients. No patient presented with muscle weakness of the limbs. Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of the brain showed no significant differences between the patient and control groups. Also, analysis of VBM, TBSS, and FreeSurfer revealed no significant differences in cortical thickness between patients and healthy controls at the corrected significance level. Conclusion Our study outlines the clinical manifestations of prominent bulbar palsy and early-onset cutis laxa in 13 Korean patients with AGel amyloidosis and confirms that AGel amyloidosis mainly affects the peripheral nervous system rather than the central nervous system.

Purpose: AGel amyloidosis is systemic amyloidosis caused by pathogenic variants in the GSN gene. In this study, we sought to characterize the clinical and brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) features of Korean patients with AGel amyloidosis. Materials and Methods: We examined 13 patients with AGel amyloidosis from three unrelated families. Brain MRIs were performed in eight patients and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Therein, we analyzed gray and white matter content using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and FreeSurfer. Results: The median age at examination was 73 (interquartile range: 64–76) years. The median age at onset of cutis laxa was 20 (interquartile range: 15–30) years. All patients over that age of 60 years had dysarthria, cutis laxa, dysphagia, and facial palsy. Two patients in their 30s had only mild cutis laxa. The median age at dysarthria onset was 66 (interquartile range: 63.5–70) years. Ophthalmoparesis was observed in three patients. No patient presented with muscle weakness of the limbs. Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of the brain showed no significant differences between the patient and control groups. Also, analysis of VBM, TBSS, and FreeSurfer revealed no significant differences in cortical thickness between patients and healthy controls at the corrected significance level. Conclusion Our study outlines the clinical manifestations of prominent bulbar palsy and early-onset cutis laxa in 13 Korean patients with AGel amyloidosis and confirms that AGel amyloidosis mainly affects the peripheral nervous system rather than the central nervous system.

Objectives: Cancer diagnoses have a tremendous impact on individuals and communities, drawing intense public concern. The objective of the current research was to examine news coverage and content related to cancer-related issues in Korean newspapers. Methods: Primarily using the database system of the Korea Press Foundation, we conducted a content analysis of 2806 articles from 9 Korean daily newspapers during a recent 3-year period from 2015 to 2017. Thematic categories, the types of articles, attitudes and tone, and the number of sources in each article were coded and classified. Results: Many news articles dealt with a diverse range of themes related to cancer, including general healthcare information, the latest research and development, specific medical institutions and personnel, and technology and products, which jointly accounted for 74.8% of all articles. Those thematic categories differed markedly in terms of article type, tone, and the number of cited sources. News articles provided extensive information about healthcare resources, and many articles seemed to contain advertising content. However, the content related to complex social issues such as National Health Insurance did not include enough information for the reader to contextualize the issues properly or present the issues systematically. Conclusions It can be assumed that the media exert differential influence on individuals through news coverage. Within the present reporting framework, the availability and usefulness of information are likely to depend solely on individuals’ capabilities, such as financial and health literacy; this dependency has a negative impact on knowledge gaps and health inequities.

Purpose: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the most significant prognostic factor in cervical cancerthat was recently incorporated into the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO) staging system. This study was performed to evaluate whether the prognosticsignificance of LNM differs according to disease status. Materials and Methods: Patients with FIGO stage IB or higher cervical cancer who had pretreatment computedtomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging studies as well as long-term follow-upwere enrolled in this retrospective study. The hazard ratio (HR) of Cox regression was usedto determine the prognostic significance of LNM. The HRs were compared between the differenttumor groups (based on stage, histology, tumor size, primary treatment, age, parametriuminvolvement, and lymphovascular space invasion). Results: A total of 970 patients treated between January 1999 and December 2007 were included.The pretreatment LNM had prognostic significance in patients with stage IB1/IIA (HR forprogression-free survival 2.10, p=0.001; HR for overall survival 1.99, p=0.005). However,the significance gradually decreased or disappeared with advancing stages. Similarly, theprognostic significance of the pretreatment LNM decreased with advancing disease status,including old age, parametrial involvement or lymphovascular space involvement. In contrast,the tumor size was associated with the prognostic significance of LNM with advancingstatus. The significance of the clinical LNM did not reflect the significance of the clinicalstage. In contrast, the tumor size, parametrial involvement, and significance of the pathologicLNM reflected the clinical stage. Conclusion In patients with cervical cancer, pretreatment LNM on imaging has different clinical significancedepending on the tumor status.

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a valid and reliable Pediatric Patient Classification System (PPCS). Methods: The study was conducted in a children’s hospital which included various ward settings.Content validity was analyzed by Delphi method and to verify intraclass correlation reliability, 7 nurse managers and 29 staff nurses classified 216 patients. To verify construct validity, the staff nurses classified 216 patients according to PPCS comparing differences by age, days of stay, type of stay and medical department. Results: The developed PPCS has 12 categories, 55 nursing activities and 80 criterions. High agreement among nurses (r=.90) suggested substantial reliability. Construct validity was verified by comparing differences in age, days of stay, type of stay and medical department (p<.05). The entire patient group were classified to four groups using PPCS. Conclusion The findings suggest that PPCS would be a useful tool for estimating nursing demands related to medications and the complexity of pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: Increasing the influenza vaccination rate is important because influenza infection can cause serious illness or death. One way to increase vaccination rates is to expand the number of vaccination sites. This study examined the location of influenza vaccination in 2016 according to sex, age, socioeconomic status, and health behavior variables.METHODS: The study included 2,485 subjects from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey aged 19 years or older who had received the vaccine. Variables that could affect health behaviors were examined by the chi-square test or t-test. The odds ratios (ORs) of public health center inoculations between different income and education groups, adjusted for age and sex, were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: People aged 65 years or older, those living in rural areas, those with low incomes, those with up to elementary school education, and those with underlying diseases had the lowest vaccination rates at medical clinics and hospitals (P-value<0.05). The ORs for public health center inoculations were significantly higher in those with lower incomes and those with elementary school education than in those with higher incomes and those with more than university level education (OR 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.67–3.77 and OR 2.60, 95% CI; 1.72–3.95, respectively).CONCLUSION: To improve the influenza vaccination rates at medical clinics and hospitals among groups with low vaccination rates, we need to actively encourage high-risk patients to receive vaccinations.
Adult ; Education ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Public Health ; Social Class ; Vaccination

“Comfort women” are survivors of sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, who endured extensive trauma including massive rape and physical torture. While previous studies have been focused on the trauma of the survivors themselves, the effects of the trauma on the offspring has never been evaluated before. In this article, we reviewed the first study on the offspring of former “comfort women” and aimed to detect the evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma. In-depth psychiatric interviews and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Axis I Disorders were conducted with six offspring of former “comfort women.” Among the six participants, five suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, insomnia disorder, somatic symptom disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed similar shame and hyperarousal symptoms as their mothers regarding stimuli related to the “comfort woman” issue. Increased irritability, problems with aggression control, negative worldview, and low self-esteem were evident in the children of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finding evidence of transgenerational transmission of trauma in offspring of “comfort women” is important. Future studies should include more samples and adopt a more objective method.
Adjustment Disorders ; Aggression ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Humans ; Methods ; Military Personnel ; Mothers ; Panic Disorder ; Rape ; Shame ; Slavery ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors ; Torture ; World War II