Objective: To identify the stakeholders of prevention and control of obesity among middle school students and analyze their motivations and interest demands for participation, in order to provide constructive recommendations for facilitating their effective engagement of stakeholders in prevention and control of obesity among middle school students. Methods: Stakeholders and their types were identified through a combination of literature analysis and consultation with 17 experts in children and adolescents for prevention and control of obesity. From December 2023 to January 2024, by applying convenience sampling, face to face semi structured interviews were conducted with 11 individuals engaged in prevention and control of obesity for middle school students and focus group interviews were conducted with 48 students and parents. Thematic analysis was employed to obtain motivations and interest demands for stakeholder involvement in prevention and control of obesity. Results: A total of 29 subcategories within 7 major categories of stakeholders were identified, including government and relevant functional departments, non profit organizations and communities, forprofit organizations and individuals, schools, professional and technical personnel, families and individuals, and scientific research institutions, with 28 subcategories being confirmed stakeholders. Among these stakeholders, there were 3 types of cooperative relationships:management, cooperation, and service. There were some factors hindering cooperation among stakeholders including imperfections in specialized policies and lack of long term cooperative mechanisms, flaws and interest conflicts in the evaluation system, insufficiency of material resources, and poor health values. In response to these challenges, interviewees proposed to convene a working group for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity. They also suggested making a contract of responsibility, strengthening supervision over for profit organizations, enhancing advocating efforts for prevention and control of obesity, and increasing financial support. Conclusions The prevention and control of obesity for middle school students can be facilitated by forming a collaborative alliance based on the roles and relationships of stakeholders identified in the present study. Perceived conflicts of interest among stakeholders can be reconciled by employing strategies of interest integration, goal alignment, and spiritual integration, to enhance the feasibility, participation and sustainability of obesity intervention.

Objective:To investigate the impact of abnormal patterns of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the second trimester on the risk of large for gestational age (LGA) newborn deliveries.Methods:General clinical data and OGTT results of 66 290 pregnant women who received regular prenatal care and delivered in Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 24, 2016 to July 26, 2022 were collected. According to the results of OGTT, the pregnant women were divided into 8 groups: normal blood glucose group (normal fasting blood glucose, 1-hour and 2-hour after oral glucose, 54 518 cases), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) 0 group (only abnormal fasting blood glucose, 1 430 cases), GDM 1 group (only abnormal blood glucose at 1-hour after oral glucose, 2 150 cases), GDM 2 group (only abnormal blood glucose at 2-hour after oral glucose, 3 736 cases), GDM 0+1 group (both fasting blood glucose and 1-hour after oral glucose were abnormal, 371 cases), GDM 0+2 group (both fasting blood glucose and 2-hour after oral glucose were abnormal, 280 cases), GDM 1+2 group (abnormal blood glucose at 1-hour and 2-hour after oral glucose, 2 981 cases) and GDM 0+1+2 group (abnormal fasting blood glucose, 1-hour and 2-hour after oral glucose, 824 cases). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different abnormal OGTT patterns on LGA. In addition, the blood glucose measurements at the three time points of OGTT were combined and used as continuous variables in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive value of each blood glucose measurement mode for LGA and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared.Results:(1) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks of LGA were significantly increased in GDM 0 group ( OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.50-2.08; P<0.001), GDM 0+1 group ( OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.72-3.04; P<0.001), and GDM 0+1+2 group ( OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.61-2.43; P<0.001). (2) ROC curve analysis showed that fasting blood glucose, 1-hour after oral glucose, 2-hour after oral glucose, fasting+1-hour after oral glucose, fasting+2-hour after oral glucose, 1-hour+2-hour after oral glucose, and fasting+1-hour+2-hour after oral glucose had certain predictive value for LGA (all P<0.001). The AUC of fasting blood glucose measurement was higher than that of 2-hour blood glucose measurement in predicting LGA, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the AUC between fasting blood glucose and other blood glucose measurement modes for predicting LGA (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In the abnormal OGTT patterns, pregnant women with abnormal fasting blood glucose, abnormal fasting+1-hour after oral glucose, and abnormal fasting+1-hour+2-hour after oral glucose have an increased risk of LGA. Fasting blood glucose measurement is of great significance for the prediction of LGA, and could be used as an optimal indicator to evaluate the risk of LGA in clinical practice.

Objective: To analyze relationships between levels of 24 hour movement (physical activity, screen time and sleep) and childhood obesity in students aged 7-18 years. Methods: This study used data from students aged 7-18 years in the 2015 China health and nutrition survey, and assessed levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep based on the Canadian 24 hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth. Associations between levels of 24 hour movement and childhood obesity were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression models. Results: The overall rate of overweight and obesity was 21.56%. Proportions of students meeting the guidelines for physical activity, screen time, sleep and three behaviors combined were 24.84%, 38.69%, 57.08%, and 6.77%, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, location of residence and nationality, students meeting the sleep guideline were less likely to be overweight and obese than those who did not(OR=0.73)， students meeting both sleep and screen time guidelines had a lower risk in overweight and obesity than those met neither guidelines(OR=0.58)(P<0.05). However, other behaviors and behavior combinations showed no significant associations with overweight and obesity. Conclusion Only a small proportion of students met all three 24 hour movement guidelines. Ensuring adequate sleep and limiting excessive screen time may be an important strategy for childhood obesity prevention and management.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for glycine assay in the human thrombin. Methods The sample was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). HPLC was performed on an ODS-C₁₈ column with 50% acetonitrile –0.05mol/L sodium acetate buffer (35:65) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength at 360 nm. Results The linear range of glycine was 0.006-0.030 mg/ml (r=0.999 6). The average recovery was 100.4%, with RSD 0.44% (n=9). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and specific. It is suitable for glycine assay in human thrombin.

This paper reviews the history of traditional Chinese medicine powder from germination, birth, prosperity to the clinical application, which is gradually reduced. And it enumerates the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine powder taken orally, external application. The powder preparation process are outlined, summarizes the preparation results including crushing, drying, mixing, taste masking and inhibition of volatilization, sterilization with combining innovation and advice of researchers in the process of powder research. It discussed the main problems of restricting large-scale production that running through preparation, quality standard, clinical application (such as dependence of patients) of powder. Then, it forecasted that more and more hospitals and families will use traditional Chinese medicine powder to relieve pain of patients, in order to enhance the level of preparation and quality control, boosting the normalization and standardization of powder.

Objective: To explore the relationship between weight change and the changes in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. Methods: All participants were from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. The study included 16 606 middle-aged and elderly Chinese people with complete information in the baseline survey in 2008 and the first follow-up survey in 2013. We collected the data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of diseases and medication, and the results of medical health examinations, including height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. We divided the weight change into five groups, moderate or above weight loss (<-8.0%), slight weight loss (-8.0%, -3.1%), weight maintenance (-3.0%, 3.0%), slight weight increased (3.1%, 8.0%), and moderate or above weight increased (>8.0%). Generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between weight change and the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Subgroup analyses were used to explore the influences of gender, age and baseline BMI level on the relationship between weight change and the above-mentioned metabolic indicators. Results: The average age of participants in baseline survey was (62.19±7.28) years with a range of 45 to 89 years. During the five-year period, there were 18.86% (2 633), 28.03% (4 655), 35.87% (5 956), 13.96% (2 319), 6.28% (1 043) people with moderate or above weight loss, slight weight loss, weight maintenance, slight weight increased, and moderate or above weight increased, respectively. Regression analyses showed that body weight change were positively correlated with changes in SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, LDL-C and TG, and negatively correlated with change in HDL-C (all linear trend P values were<0.05); As every 10% of weight changed, the β (95%CI) of changes in SBP (mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), DBP (mmHg), FBG (mmol/L), TC (mmol/L), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L) and TG (mmol/L) were 4.94 (4.32, 5.55), 2.50 (2.11, 2.88), 0.05 (0.02, 0.08), 0.13 (0.11, 0.16), 0.14 (0.12, 0.16), -0.05 (-0.07, -0.04) and 0.16 (0.14, 0.18), respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that weight change can lead to greater changes in blood pressure in older and overweight or obesity elderly people (all P for interaction<0.05). Conclusion Weight loss was beneficial for middle-aged and elderly people to improve the blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles, regardless of the weight at the baseline, while weight gain was not.

Objective To assess the capability of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients.Methods From July 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, a prospective observational study of septic patients without AKI was carried out in Renmin Hospital, Tianjin Hospital, and Nankai Hospital, Tianjin.The patients with AKI which was developed after admission to intensive care unit (ICU) were assigned to AKI group and the patients without AKI were assigned to non-AKI group.Clinical data and serum and urine sample were collected at the admission, and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 ,84 and 96 hours after admission for detecting creatinine and NGAL.The measurement data accorded with normal distribution were used for t test or variance analysis of repeated measures;comparison of measurement data in non-normal distribution was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fridman test;comparison of count data was performed using Fisher exact probability method.ROC curve of serum or urine NGAL was plotted and the diagnostic values of serum or urine NGAL in predicting AKI were assessed by calculation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC).Results Fifty septic patients were included.Thirty-five patients were in AKI group and fifteen in non-AKI group.The median age of AKI group was 73 and the median age of non-AKI group was 60 (IQR, 47-82).The urine NGAL (uNGAL) concentration in AKI group was higher than that in non-AKI group at the every interval and serum NGAL (sNGAL) was higher in AKI group than that in non-AKI group at only first twointervals.The uNGAL showed the capability of prediction for AKI progression at the 48 hour (AuROC=0.83,95% CI:0.70-0.97), 36 hours (AuROC=0.75,95%CI:0.59-0.91), 24 hours (AuROC=0.83,95%CI:0.70-0.95), 12 hours (AuROC=0.73,95%CI:0.60-0.88) prior to AKI occurred.The sNGAL showed capability of prediction at the 48 hours (AuROC=0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.88), 36 hours (AuROC=0.69,95%CI:0.52-0.87) prior to AKI occurred.Conclusions The sNGAL and uNGAL both were useful biomarker that predicted development of AKI in early stage.But the performance of sNGAL was slightly inferior to that of uNGAL for predicting development of AKI.

Background and purpose:miR-196a2 functions as an oncogene during tumor initiation and pro-gression. The up-regulation promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, it is promising to be an important tumor biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rs11614913, a gene polymorphic site ofmiR-196a2, is associated with the risk of leukemia.Methods:A case-control analysis was employed. Bone marrow or periph-eral blood was collected from 210 leukemia patients diagnosed from Jan. 2009 to Jul. 2015 in Yantaishan Hospital (case group) as well as 250 healthy people who were physically examined during the same period (control group). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP) was used to detect the genotype of rs11614913. Application test was used to compare the difference in the frequency of each genotype between case group and control group. The odds ratio (OR) of SNP allelic genes was calculated using logistic regression analysis and 95%CI represented the risk of leukemia for each genotype.Results:The distribution differences in the frequency of T/T, C/C, C/T genotype of miR-196a2 rs11614913 between case group and control group were statistically significant (P<0.05). The risk of leukemia for individuals who carried mutant homozygous C/C was 2.661-fold higher than those carried wild-type homozygous T/T, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:ThemiR-196a2 gene polymorphic site rs11614913 was associated with the risk of leukemia. Mutant homozygous C/C or C allelic gene carrying was probably a risk factor for leukemia.

Objective ①Observing urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL)'s concentration variation under the intervention of sepsis; ②Evaluatingu NGAL' s diagnostic value for early acute kidney injury (AKI).Method Fifty-six SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly (random number) divided into four groups,including 16 rats in model group (CLG),16 rats in Xuebijing group (XBG),16 rats in Huangqi and Chaihu injection jointly applied group (HCG),and 8 rats in sham operation group (SOG).The septic models in CLG group,HCG group and XBG group were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Then,the rats in HCG group was treated with intraperitoneal injectionby Huangqi and Chaihu injections; the XBG group was treated with intravenous injection by Xuebijing injection; the SOG group was treated with open surgery without CLP.After the CLP,serial urine and serum samples were obtained at baseline (just prior to operation),6 h,12 h,18 h,24 h,36 h,48 h,and 72 h,and were measured by sCr,uCr,uNa,and uNGAL.The line graph of uNGAL' s concentration variation was plotted,based on the time.Diagnostic characteristics of urinary NGAL in predicting AKI were assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results After the CLP,the uNGAL of sepsis model rats increased quickly within 6 hours.The time points of each group model reaching their peak were 6 hours after CLP in CLG groupand 24 hours after CLP in HCG group and XBG group.These groups' uNGAL all decreased quickly after the peak.The cuNGAL of sepsis model rats was increased quickly within 6 hours after CLP,reached its peak at 24 hours after CLP.In CLG group,the line graphs of uNGAL or cuNGAL were almost overlapped.There is little difference in the concentration of uNGAL or cuNGAL at each time point (uNGAL:6h,t=0.691; 12h,t=1.627; 18 h,t=0.511,cuNGAL:6h,t =0.371 ; 12 h,t =0.474; 18 h,t =-1.187.Statistical significance of all above value was P ＞0.05).InXBG group,the line graph of uNGAL and cuNGAL were not overlapped,but difference between uNGAL and cuNGAL concentration at each time point was not significant (uNGAL:6 h,t =1.222 ; 12 h,t =1.178 ; 18h,t=1.272; 24h,t=0.918; 36h,t =0.442.cuNGAL:6 h,t =1.482; 12 h,t =1.314; 18 h,t=1.280; 24 h,t =0.280; 36 h,t =0.467.Statistical significance of all above value was P ＞ 0.05).In HCG group,uNGAL of AKI rats were higher than non-AKI rats at each time points since 6 hours later (6 h,t =2.351,P＜0.05; 12h,t=3.086,P＜0.01; 18h,t=2.535,P＜0.05;24h,t=2.150,P＜0.05;36h,t =2.485,P ＜ 0.05),The average cuNGAL of AKI rats and non-AKI rats have statistical significance at 6h,18 h,and 24 h (6 h,t=3.013.P＜0.01; 18 h,t =4.804,P＜0.01; 24 h,t=2.682,P＜0.05).At 6 h,Uout can increase cuNGAL' s ability of predicting AKI' s occurrence in 24 hours (AUC increased from 0.839 to 0.900,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The intervention to the sepsis rats have influence on the secretion volume and secretion sequence of NGAL in rat urine.uNGAL and cuNGAL are good predictor of AKI occurrence in sepsis rats.

AIM:ToobservetheeffectofcepharanthineonhumanlungadenocarcinomaLTEP-a-2cellgrowth, and to explore the changes of related microRNA ( miRNA) expression in the cells .METHODS:LTEP-a-2 cells were trea-ted with cepharanthine at concentrations of 0μmol/L, 10μmol/L, 20μmol/L and 40μmol/L.The growth inhibition rate was detected by MTT assay , and the cell morphological changes were observed under light microscope .The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry .The expression of let-7c, miR-34a and miR-34b was measured by real-time PCR.RE-SULTS:Cepharanthine inhibited the cell activity of LTEP-a-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner .With the increase in cepharanthine concentration , the pyknosis of the cells was visible under the inverted microscope .Flow cytometry analysis found that different concentrations of cepharanthine induced the increase in the apoptotic rates of LTEP -a-2 cells.The re-sults of real-time PCR showed that the cepharanthine also increased the expression of let -7c, miR-34a and miR-34b.CON-CLUSION:Cepharanthine inhibits the growth of LTEP-a-2 cells, and induces apoptosis .Cepharanthine increases the ex-pression of let-7c, miR-34a and miR-34b, indicating that these miRNAs in LTEP-a-2 cells has the function as tumor sup-pressor genes .