Several types of soft tissue masses occur in the lower extremities. A mass associated with blood vessels is often difficult to diagnose. A 15-year-old male patient visited the author’s hospital with discomfort and edema in his right calf that had persisted for six months. A physical examination showed no palpable mass other than mild edema. Three masses were found during the ultrasound scan along the small saphenous vein. The masses had a cyst-like appearance and were filled with thrombus. In duplex ultrasound, vascular reflux was represented inside the masses. During surgery, it was suspected that vascular deformation occurred in the small saphenous vein, and simple ligation and resection treatments were performed. The patient was finally diagnosed with venous aneurysms accompanied by thrombosis based on the histology tests. The symptoms disappeared after surgery, and there were no recurrences or unusual findings at the follow-up one year later. Venous aneurysms occurring in the superficial veins of the lower extremities are rarely reported, but treatment and diagnosis are important. This paper reports a case of an aneurysm on the small saphenous vein.

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of a spinal extradural meningioma in a patient with longstanding nonspecific thoracic nocturnal pain. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Meningioma is a frequent intradural extramedullary tumor that is associated with pain, sensory/motor deficits, and sphincter weakness. Spinal meningiomas most commonly occur in the thoracic spine, although they can also be found at other locations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 65-year-old woman first visited the cardiac and gastrointestinal departments of our institution due to chest pain 2 years previously. No explanation for the complaint could be found in the heart or other organs. On a computed tomography scan of the thorax, a spinal mass was found a few months before the diagnosis. On magnetic resonance imaging, an extramedullary and extradural mass was observed at T7/8. RESULTS: We performed surgery and found an extradural spinal meningioma upon the histological diagnosis. Postoperatively, the patient could adequately move both legs and feet and the nocturnal chest pain disappeared after surgery without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the rarity and nonspecific symptoms of extradural spinal meningiomas will be beneficial for their accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.
Aged ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Foot ; Heart ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; Spine ; Thorax

OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of a spinal extradural meningioma in a patient with longstanding nonspecific thoracic nocturnal pain.SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Meningioma is a frequent intradural extramedullary tumor that is associated with pain, sensory/motor deficits, and sphincter weakness. Spinal meningiomas most commonly occur in the thoracic spine, although they can also be found at other locations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 65-year-old woman first visited the cardiac and gastrointestinal departments of our institution due to chest pain 2 years previously. No explanation for the complaint could be found in the heart or other organs. On a computed tomography scan of the thorax, a spinal mass was found a few months before the diagnosis. On magnetic resonance imaging, an extramedullary and extradural mass was observed at T7/8. RESULTS: We performed surgery and found an extradural spinal meningioma upon the histological diagnosis. Postoperatively, the patient could adequately move both legs and feet and the nocturnal chest pain disappeared after surgery without any complications. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of the rarity and nonspecific symptoms of extradural spinal meningiomas will be beneficial for their accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

PURPOSE: Good results of the cephalomedullary nails have been reported in proximal femoral fractures recently. Based on length of nails and shape of screws fixed in a femoral head for proximal fragment fixation, the proper nail length was in dispute. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of a long cephalomedullary hip nail for the treatment of comminuted subtrochanteric femoral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with severe subtrochanteric femoral fractures who had undergone intramedullary fixation using long-PFNA II between March 2010 and March 2013 were followed-up for over 12 months. Their mean age was 64.8 years old (range, 43-85 years). Sixteen of 22 cases were high energy trauma. According to Seinsheimer's classification, 5 cases were type IV and 16 cases were type V. For radiological assessment, time to union, change of neck-shaft angle, sliding length, tip-apex distance (TAD) and leg length discrepancy (LLD) were measured. For clinical evaluation, a modified Koval index was investigated. RESULTS: Mean operation time was 96 minutes. An average decrease of neck-shaft angle was 4.5°. The average sliding length of the helical blade was 4.2 mm. Average LLD was 3.0 mm, and TAD was 23.0 mm. Mean modified Koval index score at final follow-up was 4.6 points. All the 21 subtrochanteric fractures healed uneventfully on an average of 24.2 weeks (range, 18-30 weeks). CONCLUSION: Long cephalomedullary hip nail provides excellent clinical and radiological outcomes in the comminuted subtrochanteric fracture.
Classification ; Dissent and Disputes ; Femoral Fractures* ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip Fractures ; Hip* ; Humans ; Leg

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in Korean patients who underwent hip fracture surgery (HFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively, a total 181 cases were classified into the LMWH user group (116 cases) and LMWH non-user group (65 cases). Each group was sub-classified according to fracture types as follows: 81 cases of intertrochanteric fracture (group A: 49, group B: 32) and 100 cases of neck fracture (group C: 67, group D: 33). We compared the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) according to LMWH use. RESULTS: Of the 181 cases, four DVTs were found in the LMWH user groups (1 in group A, and 3 in group C). One case of PE was found in LMWH non-user group D. The incidences of DVT and PE showed no statistically significant differences between the LMWH user and non-user groups (p=0.298 and 0.359, respectively). In subgroup analysis, no statistically significant differences were found between groups A and B and between groups C and D. CONCLUSION: The administration of LMWH was not effective in the prevention of venous thromboembolism and PE in the Korean patients who underwent HFS.
Aged ; Anticoagulants/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/*therapeutic use ; Hip Fractures/classification/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/*prevention & control ; Pulmonary Embolism/etiology/*prevention & control ; Republic of Korea ; Venous Thromboembolism/*prevention & control ; Venous Thrombosis/etiology/*prevention & control

In the distal third of the tibia, the anterior tibial artery runs close to the anterolateral surface of the tibial cortex. In a clinical situation, without vascular evaluation, injury or entrapment of the anterior tibial artery is difficult to detect. Because, an intact dorsalis pedis pulse is supplied with the collateral vessels of the posterior tibial artery. An entrapped anterior tibial artery can be injured during closed reduction in an emergency room or open reduction and internal fixation in the operating room. Care must be taken to prevent iatrogenic anterior tibial artery. In this case, an entrapped anterior tibial artery was observed in a simple radiograph and computed tomograph without contrast media for the vessel. We report on a rare case of calcified anterior tibial artery entrapment in a distal tibial fracture.
Contrast Media ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Operating Rooms ; Tibia ; Tibial Arteries* ; Tibial Fractures*

As anatomical reduction of the articular surface of femoral head fractures and restoration of damaged cartilage are essential for good long-term results, many treatment options have been suggested, including fixation of the fracture using various surgical exposures and implants, as well as arthroscopic irrigation and debridement, bone marrow stimulating techniques, osteochondral allograft, autograft, and autogenous chondrocyte implantation. We report a case of osteochondral autograft harvested from its own femoral articular surface through surgical hip dislocation. The osteochondral graft was harvested from the inferior non-weight-bearing articular surface and grafted to the osteochondral defect. One year later, the clinical and radiological results were good, without the collapse of the femoral head or arthritic change. This procedure introduced in our case is considered convenient and able to lessen surgical time without morbidity of the donor site associated with the harvest.
Allografts ; Autografts* ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Debridement ; Dislocations* ; Head* ; Hip Dislocation ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

As anatomical reduction of the articular surface of femoral head fractures and restoration of damaged cartilage are essential for good long-term results, many treatment options have been suggested, including fixation of the fracture using various surgical exposures and implants, as well as arthroscopic irrigation and debridement, bone marrow stimulating techniques, osteochondral allograft, autograft, and autogenous chondrocyte implantation. We report a case of osteochondral autograft harvested from its own femoral articular surface through surgical hip dislocation. The osteochondral graft was harvested from the inferior non-weight-bearing articular surface and grafted to the osteochondral defect. One year later, the clinical and radiological results were good, without the collapse of the femoral head or arthritic change. This procedure introduced in our case is considered convenient and able to lessen surgical time without morbidity of the donor site associated with the harvest.
Allografts ; Autografts* ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Debridement ; Dislocations* ; Head* ; Hip Dislocation ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate differences of chemical composition between subchondral bone in advanced osteoarthritic (OA) and non-OA distal femur. METHODS: Twenty femurs were harvested, respectively. The subchondral trabeculae were obtained from the middle of medial articular surface of distal femurs. A 10 mm diameter cylindrical saw was used to harvest. Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive technique, was employed to determine the chemical information of the trabecular bones in the human distal femurs. RESULTS: The maximum intensity of the phosphate peak was 2,376.51+/-954.6 for the non-OA group and 1,936.3+/-831.75 for the OA group. The maximum intensity of the phosphate peak observed between the two groups was significantly different (P=0.017). The maximum intensity of the amide I peak were 474.17+/-253.42 for the nonOA group and 261.91+/-205.61 for the OA group. The maximum intensity of the amide I peak were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.042). Also, among other chemical and matrix components (Hydroxyproline,Carbonate, Amide IIIdisordered;ordered, and CH2), the spectrums showed similar significant differences in the intensity (P=0.027, P=0.014, P=0.012; P=0.038, P=0.029). Area integration were performed to determine disorder in collagen's secondary structure via amide III (alpha helix/random coil). The value of the alpha helix to random coil band area are significantly different (P=0.021) and result showing that there was a trend toward higher collagen maturity for the nonosteoarthritic bone specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The result suggested that OA may affect the chemical compositions of trabecular bone, and such distinctive chemical information may be.
Cartilage ; Collagen ; Femur ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis* ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Open reduction and internal fixation using volar plating for the treatment of distal radial fractures (DRFs) is becoming an increasingly popular method. Tenosynovitis of extensor tendons causes delayed extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon rupture which known as complication following screw penetration of the dorsal cortex after volar plating for DRFs. As the reconstructive procedure for a closed ruptured EPL tendon in minimal displaced DRF, extensor indicis proprius (EIP) transfer is widely used. However, tendon injuries of the fourth compartment, which includes the extensor digitorum communis or EIP, can be caused by screw irritation after volar plating for DRFs. We encountered a rare case of failed EIP tendon transfer for delayed EPL tendon rupture after volar plating for a DRF. Because the EIP tendon can also be damaged by screw penetration, care must be taken to use EIP tendon for treatment of delayed EPL rupture after volar plating for DRFs.
Rupture* ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendon Transfer* ; Tendons* ; Tenosynovitis