Objective To analyze the types and distribution of microbiome in intestinal and lung tissues of children with asthma, and to explore the correlation between microbiota changes and asthma. Methods From 2021 to 2023, a total of 28,939 children with asthma who visited Ezhou Central Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital or Ezhou Egang Hospital were selected as the study subjects, and 2,000 healthy children who underwent outpatient physical examinations at these three hospitals during the same period were selected as the control group. The distribution and characteristics of intestinal and pulmonary microbiome in the two groups were analyzed by 16SrDNA sequencing. Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the correlation between microbiota distribution and asthma occurrence. Results In the intestinal tissues of children with asthma compared to healthy children, the abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level decreased, while the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased significantly (P<0.05), and the abundance of Prevotalle and Clostridium at the genus level increased significantly. In lung tissues of asthmatic children compared to health children, the abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level decreased while the abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly (P<0.05), and the abundance of Neisseria, Prevotella and Actinomyces at the genus level increased significantly. Binary logistic regression results showed that the abundances of Lactobacillus (OR=0.842, 95% CI: 0.533-0.947), Bacteroides fragilis (OR=0.649, 95%CI: 0.377-0.890), Bifidobacterium (OR=0.901, 95% CI: 0.633-0.994), and Parabacteroides distasonis (OR=0.547, 95% CI: 0.192-0.708) in the intestinal tissues were all protective factors for the asthma in children. In the lung tissue, the abundance of Neisseria (OR=2.140, 95% CI: 1.749-3.305) was a risk factor for the asthma in children, and Prevotella (OR=0.691, 95% CI: 0.491-0.926) was a protective factor for the asthma in children (P<0.05). Conclusion The dysbiosis of intestinal and pulmonary microbiome is closely related to the occurrence of asthma in children, and the detection of microbiota is of great significance for the diagnosis of childhood asthma.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-positive bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 3 163 strains of Gram-positive pathogens were collected from 51 member units，and the top five bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 147，36.3%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=928，29.3%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=369，11.7%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=296，9.4%）and alpha-hemolyticus Streptococci（ n=192，6.1%）. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）were 26.4%（303/1 147）and 66.7%（619/928），respectively. No glycopeptide and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. The sensitivity rates of Staphylococcus aureus to cefpirome，rifampin，compound sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline and tigecycline were all >95.0%. Enterococcus faecium was more prevalent than Enterococcus faecalis. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and teicoplanin were both 0.5%（2/369），and no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was detected. The detection rate of MRSA in southern China was significantly lower than that in other regions（ χ2=14.578， P=0.002），while the detection rate of MRCNS in northern China was significantly higher than that in other regions（ χ2=15.195， P=0.002）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in provincial hospitals were higher than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=13.519 and 12.136， P<0.001）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in economically more advanced regions（per capita GDP≥92 059 Yuan in 2022）were higher than those in economically less advanced regions（per capita GDP<92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=9.969 and 7.606， P=0.002和0.006）. Conclusions:Among the Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China， Staphylococci is the most common while the MRSA incidence decreases continuously with time；the detection rate of Enterococcus faecium exceeds that of Enterococcus faecalis. The overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is still at a low level. The composition ratio of Gram-positive pathogens and resistant profiles varies slightly across regions of China，with the prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS being more pronounced in provincial hospitals and areas with a per capita GDP≥92 059 yuan.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2021.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2021 to December 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 11 013 bacterial strains were collected from 51 hospitals, of which 2 782 (25.3%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 8 231 (74.7%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%), Enterococcus faecium (3.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp (2.1%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 25.3% and 76.8%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci was detected; more than 95.0% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ceftobiprole. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. The rates of extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolated in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 49.6%, 25.5% and 39.0%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.2% and 15.8%, respectively; 7.9% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. Ceftobiprole demonstrated excellent activity against non-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aztreonam/avibactam was highly active against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (5.5% and 4.5%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 18.9%. Conclusions:The BRICS surveillance results in 2021 shows that the main pathogens of blood stream infection in China are gram-negative bacteria, in which Escherichia coli is the most common. The MRSA incidence shows a further decreasing trend in China and the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is low. The prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is still on a high level, but the trend is downwards.

Objective:To investigate clinical characteristics for in-stent reocclusion lesions after coronary stent implantations in aged patients.Methods:229 patients diagnosed with chronic total reocclusions were recruited from Jan 2005 to Dec 2019 in this retrospective study.According to age, patients were divided into a 40-49 year-old group(n=60), a 50-59 year-old group(n=58), a 60-69 year-old group(n=55), and a 70-80 year-old group(n=56)to examine different lesion characteristics after coronary stent implantations.Results:In the 40-49 year-old group, the 50-59 year-old group, the 60-69 year-old group and the 70-80 year-old group, the rates of multi-vessel reocclusions were 11.6%, 15.5%, 21.8% and 25.0%, respectively( χ2=10.03, P=0.01). For each group, lesions with concurrent proximal and middle coronary reocclusions accounted for 8.3%, 12.0%, 30.9% and 35.7%, respectively( χ2=11.83, P=0.005); Reocclusions with severe coronary calcification accounted for 6.6%, 15.5%, 36.3% and 37.5%, respectively( χ2=11.56, P=0.006); Long coronary reocclusion lesions(36-47 mm)accounted for 15.0%, 17.2%, 21.8% and 25.0%, respectively( χ2=11.56, P=0.007); Coronary reocclusions with diffuse long calcified lesions accounted for 8.3%, 13.7%, 32.7% and 35.7%, respectively( χ2=10.80, P=0.01). Conclusions:The clinical characteristics of in-stent reocclusion lesions after coronary stent implantations include multiple chronic total coronary reocclusions, concurrent proximal and middle coronary reocclusions, heavily calcified coronary reocclusions, long coronary reocclusions and diffuse long calcified coronary reocclusions in aged patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) in psoriatic skin lesions, as well as its regulatory factors.Methods:FADS2 expression in psoriatic skin lesions was analyzed by using the dataset GDS4602 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Skin tissues were obtained from the back of 5 C57BL/6 mouse models of imiquimod-induced psoriasis, normal skin of 4 patients without psoriasis or other immune skin diseases, lesions of 4 patients with psoriasis before and after 10-week treatment with infliximab, as well as lesions of 3 patients with psoriasis before and after 12-week treatment with secukinumab in Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. FADS2 expression was determined by both immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis in the epidermis of mouse skin tissues, and by immunohistochemical staining in that of human skin tissues. In vitro cultured human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were divided into several groups to be treated with 50 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) alone for 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively, 200 ng/ml interleukin-17A (IL-17A) alone for 0, 6 and 12 hours respectively, or treated with 50 ng/ml TNF-α and 5 μmol/L BAY 11-7082 (a nuclear factor-κB pathway inhibitor) for 6 hours (TNF-α+ BAY 11-7082 6 h group) , and the cells receiving normal culture served as the control group. After the above treatment, real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression of FADS2 respectively. Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance and t test. Results:Analysis of the dataset GDS4602 showed that the FADS2 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the lesional and non-lesional skin tissues from the patients with psoriasis (0.656 ± 0.475, 1.503 ± 1.062, respectively) than in the normal skin tissues (2.035 ± 1.226; F = 55.17, 3.07, P < 0.001, = 0.012, respectively) , and was significantly lower in the lesional skin tissues than in the non-lesional skin tissues from the patients with psoriasis ( F = 26.27, P < 0.001) . Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining both showed significantly decreased FADS2 protein expression in the mouse skin tissues in the imiquimod group (gray-value ratio: 0.463 ± 0.172; fluorescence intensity: 21.840 ± 3.125) compared with the normal control group (gray-value ratio: 1.000, t = 7.00, P = 0.002; fluorescence intensity: 30.720 ± 6.850, t = 3.15, P = 0.035) . Compared with the skin lesions before treatment, the FADS2 protein expression significantly increased in the skin lesions from the patients with psoriasis after 10-week treatment with infliximab (43.775± 3.342 vs. 27.950 ±1.218, t = -6.95, P = 0.006) , but was not significantly changed in the skin lesions from the patients with psoriasis after 12-week treatment with secukinumab (28.667 ± 3.402 vs. 31.933 ± 2.987, t = 2.72, P = 0.113) . qPCR revealed that the FADS2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in HaCaT cells in the TNF-α 6 h group and TNF-α 12 h group compared with the TNF-α 0 h group ( P = 0.002, 0.003, respectively) , while there was no significant change in the FADS2 mRNA expression in the IL-17A 6 h group and IL-17A 12 h group compared with the IL-17A 0 h group ( P = 0.849, 0.961, respectively) . The FADS2 mRNA expression significantly decreased in HaCaT cells in the TNF-α 6 h group (0.682 ± 0.132) compared with the control group (1.000, t = 4.82, P = 0.017) , but significantly increased in the TNF-α + BAY 11-7082 6 h group (1.541 ± 0.525) compared with the TNF-α 6 h group ( t = -3.58, P = 0.037) . Western blot analysis revealed significantly decreased FADS2 protein expression in HaCaT cells in the TNF-α 24 h group compared with the TNF-α 0 h group ( F = 6.24, P = 0.013) . Conclusion:FADS2 expression was downregulated in psoriatic lesions, which may be related to TNF-α.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of miR-205-5p/E2F1 signal axis in regulating the glioma U251, U87 radiotherapy resistance.Methods:X-ray gradual ascending and intermittent induction method was used to irradiate the glioma U251 cells to establish U251/TR, U87/TR radiation-resistant cell lines. Then, the morphology, migration, invasion and proliferation abilities of cells (U251/TR, U87/TR radiation-resistant cells and U251, U87 radiation-sensitive cells) were analyzed. Luciferase gene detection system and point mutation technique were employed to analyze the mechanism of miR-205-5p and E2F1 gene activity on U251 and U87 radiation-resistant cell lines.Results:Compared with the radiation-sensitive U251 cells, the radiation-resistant cells U251/TR, U87/TR showed increased proliferation activity, enhanced migration and invasion abilities and decreased apoptosis under X-ray irradiation. miR-205-5p mimics transfection could down-regulate the expression of E2F1 factor in U251/TR cells, inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration and increase the radiosensitivity of U251/TR cells. miR-205-5p mimics transfection combined with with E2F1 down-regulation exerted anti-tumor effect and decreased cell tolerance by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity.Conclusions:The glioma radiation-resistant cell line U251/TR, U87/TR can be established by X-ray gradual ascending and intermittent induction method. The miR-205-5p/E2F1 signal axis exerts tumor-suppressing effect through the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which can be used as an therapeutic target to increase the radiosensitivity of glioma.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of boredom tendency in anxiety, depression and meaning in life in college students.Methods:Totally 590 college students in Shijiazhuang were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey, including general questionnaire, boredom proneness questionnaire (BPQ), meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and general anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7). Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data by using SPSS 20.0, and Amos 24.0 was used to analyze the mediating effect of boredom tendency on anxiety, depression and sense of life meaning in college students.Results:Correlation analysis found that the total score of boredom tendency was negatively correlated with meaning in life ( r=-0.260, P<0.05) and education ( r=-0.110, P<0.05). The total score of boredom tendency was positively correlated with depression ( r=0.649, P<0.05) and anxiety ( r=0.555, P<0.05). The mediating effect model fit well(χ 2/ df=0.582, GFI=1.000, AGFI=0.994, RMSEA=0.000). Boredom tendency played a partial mediating role between anxiety meaning in life(standard effect size=-0.054), a complete mediating role between depression and meaning in life(standard effect size=-0.175), and a complete mediating role between educational background and meaning in life(standard effect size=0.025). Conclusion:Boredom tendency plays a mediating role in the model between related factors and meaning in life, and attentions should be paid to the psychological development of college students.

Objective:To investigate the bacterial composition and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates from bloodstream infections in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture were collected during January 2020 to December 2020 in member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI, USA). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 10 043 bacterial strains were collected from 54 hospitals, of which 2 664 (26.5%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 7 379 (73.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (38.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (7.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.9%), Enterococcus faecium (3.3%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.8%), Enterococcus faecalis (2.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.4%) and Klebsiella spp (1.8%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus were 27.6% and 74.4%, respectively. No glycopeptide- and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. More than 95% of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to rifampicin and SMZco. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci strains were detected. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were 48.4%, 23.6% and 36.1%, respectively. The prevalence rates of carbapenem-resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 2.3% and 16.1%, respectively; 9.6% of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii was 60.0%, while polymyxin and tigecycline showed good activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. The prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 23.2%. Conclusions:The surveillance results in 2020 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBL-producing strains declined while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae kept on high level. The proportion and the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were on the rise slowly. On the other side, the MRSA incidence got lower in China, while the overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was low.

Objective To study the clinical value of anti-oxidative stress biomarkers for diagnosing in-stent restenosis and in-reocclusion after coronary stent implantation in aged patients.Methods A total of 72 advanced-aged patients with in-stent restenosis and in-stent reocclusion after coronary stent implantation were successively recruited in this retrospective study from February 2010 to November 2017.Changes in serum superoxide dismutase 3(SOD3),nitric oxide(NO),endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were measured.Results Serum 1evels of SOD3,NO and eNOS decreased and serum MDA levels were elevated in advanced-aged patients with in-stent restenosis.There were significant differences in serum levels of SOD3,NO,eNOS and MDA between the advanced-aged patients without in-stent restenosis and the advanced-aged patients with multivessel in-stent restenosis or reocclusion[(20.0±3.2) × 103U/L vs.(10.9±3.9) ×103U/L,(61.2±14.2)μmol/L vs.(28.3±17.2)μmol/L,(75.9±24.7)ng/L vs.(33.0±119.6)ng/L,(2.2±1.4)nmol/L vs.(11.7±3.1)nmol/L,respectively,P＜0.01].Patients with 50-69％ restenosis had higher serum levels of SOD3,NO and eNOS and lower levels of MDA than patients with 100％ restenosis[(21.3 ± 2.9) × 103 U/L vs.(10.3 ± 4.0) × 103 U/L,(59.7 ± 16.7) μmol/L vs.(38.3 ±16.3)μmol/L,(74.5±21.1)ng/L vs.(41.9±26.8)ng/L,(2.6±3.9 nmol/L)vs.(10.1±3.1)nmol/L,respectively,P ＜ 0.01].Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 55 ％ had higher serum levels of SOD3,NO and eNOS and lower levels of MDA than patients with LVEF＜30％ [(21.0±4.1) × 103 U/L vs.(5.3±1.9) × 103 U/L,(60.1 ± 14.2)μmol/L vs.(29.0± 13.2)μmol/L,(74.7±25.1)ng/L vs.(39.3 ± 20.3) ng/L,(2.3 ± 1.5) nmol/L vs.(10.0 ± 3.9) nmol/L,respectively,P ＜0.01].Serum levels of SOD3,NO and eNOS were higher and MDA levels were lower in patients with New York Heart Association(NYHA)Class Ⅰ than in patients with NYHA Class Ⅳ[(22.1±3.5)×103U/L vs.(9.7±2.9) × 103 U/L,(62.9± 13.9)μmol/L vs.(24.9± 13.3)μmol/L,(76.7±26.7) ng/L vs.(41.9±21.5)ng/L,(2.7± 1.9)nmol/L vs.(8.7±3.8)nmol/L,respectively,P＜0.01].Conclusions Serum level changes of anti-oxidative stress biomarkers such as SOD3,NO and eNOS may have clinical value in diagnosing in-stent restenosis and in-reocclusion after coronary stent implantation in aged patients.